Leadership recruitment and selection in school districts: Trends and issues

Journal of Educational Thought

Volumn 40, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 41-73

  Normore, Anthony H ^a  

^a FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34248648783     PISSN: 00220701     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (128)

1. Anderson, M.E. (1988a). Induction programs for beginning principals. Project paper of the Oregon School Study Council. Eugene, OR: University of Oregon, College of Education.
2. Anderson, M.E. (1988b). Hiring capable principals: How school districts recruit, groom, and select the best candidates. Oregon School Study Council, 31(9), 1-37.
3. Ashby, D.E., & Krug, S.E. (1998). Thinking through the principalship. Larchmount, NY: Eye On Education.
4. Association of California School Administrators (2001). Recruitment and retention of school leaders: A critical state need. Sacramento, CA: ACSA Task Force on Administrator Shortage.
5. Baltzell, D.C. & Dentler, R.A. (1992). Five paths to principalship. In C. Marshall (Ed.), Women as school administrators (pp. 5-9). Indianapolis, IN: Phi Delta Kappan.
6. Barber, A.E. (1998). Recruiting employees: Individual and organizational perspectives. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
7. Barbour, J.D. (1994). A novel idea: Changing the landscape of administrator preparation through literature and ethnographies. Journal of School Leadership, 4(4), 366-381.
8. Bartel, C.A. (1994, April). Preparing future administrations: Stakeholders perceptions. Paper presented the annual conference of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans.
9. Bascia, N. & Young, B. (2001). Women's careers beyond the classroom: Changing roles in a changing world. Curriculum Inquiry, 31, 271-302.
10. Begley, P.T. (2000). School leadership in Canada (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, Ontario: Paul Begley & Associates.
11. Begley, P.T. (2001). School leadership in Canada (3rd ed.). Hillsdale, Ontario: Paul Begley & Associates.
12. Bloom, G. & Krovetz, M. (2001). A step into the principalship. Leadership, 30 (3), 12-13.
13. Bracey, G. (1999). The propoganda of "A nation at risk". Education Disinformation Detection and Reporting Agency, 1-4. Retrieved July 9, 2003 from http://www.america-tomorrow.com/bracey/EDDRA/EDDRA8.htm
14. Bradshaw, L.K. & Buckner, K.G. (1994). Changing times, changing schools, changing leadership. NASSP Bulletin,78 (559), 78-83.
15. Bredeson, P.V. (1996). New directions in the preparation of educational leaders. In Leithwood, K., Chapman, J., Corson, D., Hallinger, P., & Hart, A. (Eds.), International handbook of educational leadership and administration (pp. 251-274). Dordrecht, NL: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
16. Brunner, C.C. (1998). Women superintendents: Strategies for success. Journal of Educational Administration, 36, 160-182.
17. Caldwell, B.J. & Tymko, J.L. (1990). Policy making for education: A guidebook for boards of education (2nd ed.). Alberta School Trustees Association.
18. Canadian Association of Principals (1999). A leadership study. Retrieved from http://www.ednprincipal.org/Leadership
19. Canadian Education Center (2002). CEC Network. Retrieved from http:/www.training Canada.ca
20. Castallo, R.T., Fletcher, M.R., Rossetti, A.D., & Sekowski, R.W. (1992). School personnel administration: A practitioners guide. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
21. Cascadden, D. (1998). Principals as managerial leaders: A qualitative study of the perspective of selected elementary school principals. Journal of School Leadership, 8(2), 137-170.
22. Castetter, W.B. (1992). The personnel function in educational administration (5th ed.). New York: Macmillan.
23. Castetter, W.B., & Young, I.P. (2000). The human resource function in educational administration (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill/Prentice Hall.
24. Checkley, K (2000). The contemporary principal: New skills for a new age. Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 42(3), 129-146.
25. th International Congress for School Effectiveness and Improvement, Toronto, Ontario.
26. Clark, D.C. & Clark, S.N. (1996). Better preparation of educational leaders. Educational Researcher, 25(9), 18-20.
27. Coffin, G. & Leithwood, K. (2000). District contributions to principals situated earning. In K. Leithwood (ed.), Advances in research and theories of school management and educational policy (Vol. 4, pp. 9-38). Stamford, CT: JAI Press.
28. Cooper, B.S., Fussarelli, L.D., & Carella, V.A. (2000), Career crisis in the superintendency? The results of a national survey. Arlington, VA: American Association of School Administrators. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED443167).
29. Cordiero, P., Boutilier, L., Panicek, J., & Salamone-Consoli, A. (1989). Grow your own: Developing instructional leaders for the future. Clearinghouse, 62, 360-361.
30. Crews, A.C. & Weakley, S. (1995). Hungry for leadership: Educational leadership programs in the SREB states. Southern Regional Education Board, Atlanta, GA. Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) 391 250.
31. Daresh, J.C. (1994). Restructuring educational leadership preparation: Identifying needed conditions. Journal of School leadership, 4(1), 28-38.
32. Daresh, J.C. (1997). Improving principal preparation: A review of common strategies. NASSP Bulletin, 81(585), 3-8.
33. Daresh, J.C. (2000). New principals: New induction programs. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans.
34. Daresh, J.C. & Playko, M.A. (1992). The professional development of school administrators. Toronto: Allyn & Bacon.
35. Daresh, J.C. & Playko, M.A. (1996, April). Lessons for educational leadership from career preparation in law, medicine, and training for the priesthood. Paper presented at the annual conference of the American Educational Research Association, New York.
36. Dufour, R. (2001, Winter). The principal in the right context. Journal of Staff Development, 25(2), 63-64.
37. Elkins, T. (1987). Longlisting for headships and deputy headships in secondary schools: The elimination of the majority. Research Papers in Education, 2, 177-199.
38. Fennell, H. A. (2002). Letting go while holding on - Women principals' lived experiences with power. Journal of Educational Administration, 40(1), 95-117.
39. Fenwick, L. (2000). The principal shortage: Who will lead? Cambridge, MA: The Principals Center, Harvard Graduate School of Education.
40. Fullan, M. (1995). School as a learning organization: Distant dreams. Theory into practice, 34(4), 230-235.
41. Fullan, M. (1998). Breaking the bonds of dependency. Educational Leadership, 55(7), 6-10.
42. Fullan, M. (2000). The Jossey-Bass reader on educational leadership. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
43. Fullan, M. (2003). The moral imperative of school leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
44. Funk, C., Pankake, A., & Schroth, G. (2002). Archetypes of outstanding female superintendents. Huntsville, TX: Sam Houston State University. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED481622)
45. Glass, T.E., Bjork, L., & Brunner, C.C. (2000). The study of the American school superintendency, 2000: A look at the superintendency of education in the new millennium. Arlington, VA: American Association of School Administrators. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED440475).
46. Gold, A. (1996, October). Women and educational management. Paper presented at the European Union funded Conference, Dublin, Ireland.
47. Green, R. (2001). Practicing the art of leadership: A problem-based approach to implementing the ISLLC standards. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice-Hall
48. Grimmett, P.P. & Echols, F.H. (2000). Teacher and administrator shortages in changing times. Canadian Journal of Education, 25(4), 328-343.
49. Grogan, M. (1994, April). Aspiring to the superintendency in the public school systems: Women's perspectives. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, LA.
50. Grogan, M. (1999). Equity/equality issues of gender, race, and class. Educational Administration Quarterly, 35(5), 518-536.
51. Hall, G.E. & Mani, M.N.G. (1992). Entry strategies: Where do I begin? In F.W. Parkay. & G.E. Hall (Eds.), Becoming a principal: The challenges of beginning leadership (pp. 48-69). Needham Heights, MA: Simon & Shuster.
52. Hall, V. (1994, January). Making a difference: Women headteachers' contribution to school as learning institutions. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the British Educational Management and Administration Society, Manchester, England.
53. Herman, S. (1994). Hiring right. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
54. Hallinger, P. & Heck, R. (1996). Reassessing the principal's role in school effectiveness: A review of empirical research, 1980-1995. Educational Administration Quarterly, 32(1), 5-44.
55. Howley, A., & Pendarvis, E. (2002). Recruiting and retaining rural school administrators, ERIC Clearinghouse on Rural Education and Small Schools, WV.
56. st century. Initiative, A Report of the task Force on the Principalship. Washington, DC: Institute for Educational Leadership.
57. Kirkpatrick, R. (2000). Recruiting and developing candidates for principal. NASSP Bulletin, 84 (617), 38-43.
58. Kleine, P. A. (1994, February). Is a woman's place only the classroom? Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Eastern Educational Research Association, Sarasota, FL.
59. st century (pp. 134-161). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
60. Lauder, A. (2000). The new look in principal preparation programs. NASSP Bulletin, 84(617), 23-28.
61. Leithwood, K. & Riel, C. (2003). What we know about successful school leadership. Philadelphia, PA: Laboratory for Student Success, Temple University.
62. Leithwood, K., Steinbach, R. & Begley, P. (1992). Socialization experiences: Becoming a principal in Canada. In F. Parkay & G. Hall (eds.), Becoming a principal: Challenges of leadership (pp. 284-307). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
63. Lezotte, S. & Peterson, L. (1991). Effective school research abstracts. Rethinking effective schools and research practice, 7(7).
64. Lipham, J.M, Rankin, R.E., & Hoch, J.A.(1985). The principalship: Concepts, competencies, and cases. New York: Longman Inc.
65. Little, P. & Miller, S. (2003, April). School district personnel selection practices: Exploring the effects of demographic factors on rural values within a person-organization fit model. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of American Educational Research Association, Chicago.
66. Logan, J.P. (1998). School leadership of the 90's and beyond: A window of opportunity for women educators [Electronic version]. Advancing Women Leadership Journal, 1, 165-184.
67. Madrid, M. (2001). The right stuff. Leadership, 30(3), 32-34.
68. McCarthy, M.M. (1999). The evolution of educational leadership preparation programs. In J. Murphy & K.S. Louis (eds.), Handbook of research on educational administration (pp. 194-202). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
69. Miklos, E. (1996). Administrator selection, career patterns, succession and socialization. In N.J. Boyan (ed.), Handbook of research in educational administration (pp. 53-76). New York: Longman.
70. Murphy, J. & Beck, L.G. (1994). Reconstructing the principalship: Challenges and opportunities. In J. Murphy & K.S. Louis (eds.), Reshaping the principalship: Insights from transformational reform efforts (pp. 3-19). Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
71. Murphy, J., Beck, L.G., Crawford, M., Hodges, A., & McGaughy, C.L. (2000). The productive high school: Empirical evidence. New York: State University of New York Press.
72. Musella, D., & Lawton, S. (1986). Selection and promotion procedures in Ontario school boards (Research Brief, Professionalism in School Series). Toronto: Ontario Department of Education. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 279 062).
73. National Association of Secondary School Principals (1996). Breaking ranks: Changing an American institution. Report of the National Association of Secondary School Principals in partnership with the Carnegie Foundation. Arlington, VA: Educational Research Services.
74. Normore, A.H. (2001). Leadership succession planning. In P.T. Begley & C. Slater (eds.), School leadership in Canada series (pp. 23-28). Hillsdale, ON: Begley & Associates.
75. Normore, A.H. (2002). Recruitment, socialization and accountability of school administrators in two Ontario school districts: A research report. Ontario Principals Council Register: Professional Journal for Ontario's Vice-Principals and Principals, 4(3), 22-40.
76. Normore, A.H. (2004a). Leadership success in schools: Planning, recruitment, and socialization, International Electronic Journal for Leadership in Learning, 8(10), Special Issue.
77. Normore, A.H. (2004b). Recruitment and selection: Addressing the leadership shortage in one large Canadian school district. Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy, 30, 12 May.
78. Normore, A.H. (2004c). Socializing school administrators to meet leadership challenges that doom all but the most heroic and talented leaders to failure. International Journal of Leadership in Education, Theory and Practice, 7(2), 107-125.
79. Normore, A.H. (2004d). The edge of chaos: School administrators and accountability. Journal of Educational Administration, 42(1), 55-77.
80. Norton, J. (2002). Conference Report: Preparing school leaders: It's time to face the facts. In Universities in the lead: Redesigning leadership preparation for student achievement (p. 17). Atlanta, GA: Southern Regional Education Board.
81. Nye, K.P. (2000). A crazy idea that worked. Principal Leadership, 1(4), 66.
82. Ogden, E.H., & Germinario, V. (1995). The nation's best schools: Blueprints for excellence. Lancaster, PA: Technomic.
83. Oldaker, L. (1995, February). The university of Alaska learning cooperative: An innovative statewide program in educational leadership. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Association of School Administrators, New Orleans.
84. Ontario College of Teachers (1998, November). Teacher shortage looms. Professionally Speaking. Retrieved from http://www.oct.ca/publications/ professionally_speaking/december_ 1998/cover.htm
85. Parkay, F.W. & Hall, G.E. (1992). Becoming a principal: The challenges of beginning leadership. Needham Heights, MA: Simon & Shuster.
86. Peel, H., Wallace, C., Buckner, K, Wrenn, S., & Evans, R. (1998). Improving leadership preparation programs through a school, university, and professional organization partnership. NASSP Bulletin, 82(602), 26-34.
87. Peterson, K.D. (1999). The role of principals in successful schools. Reform talk: Comprehensive regional assistance center consortium -Region V. 3, 1-3.
88. Pounder, D.G. & Merrill, R.J. (2001, February). Job desirability of high school principalship: Job choice theory perspective. Educational Administration Quarterly, 37(1), 27-57.
89. Pounder, D.J. & Young, P. (1996). Recruitment and selection of educational administrators: Priorities for today's schools. In K. Leithwood (ed.), International handbook of educational leadership and administration (pp. 251-277). Dordrecht, NL: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
90. Powney, J. & Weiner, G. (1991). Outside of the norm: Equity and management in educational institutions. Luxembourg, Luxembourg: Commission des Communautes Europeennes. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED349630)
91. Quinn, T. (2002). Succession planning: Start today. Principal Leadership (High School Edition), 3(2), 24-28.
92. Rebore, R.W. (1992). Personnel administration in education: A management approach. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
93. Rebore, R.W. (2001). Human resources administration in education (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
94. Renihan, P. (1999). In-school leadership for Saskatchewan schools: Issues and strategies. Saskatchewan Educational Leadership Unit, University of Saskatchewan SSTA Research Centre Report No. 99-02.
95. Riel, G. (2000). The principal's role in creating inclusive schools for diverse students: A review of normative, empirical, and critical literature on the practice of educational administra tion.Review of Educational Research, 70(1), 55-81.
96. Robinson, J. (2000). Training teachers to be principals. The Ontario principal's council register: The magazine for Ontario's principals and vice-principals, 2(4), 23-26.
97. Ross, P.N. (1989). Socialization in the preparation of principals. Unpublished manuscript, York Region Board of Education, Ontario.
98. Sackney, L. (1991). Effective schools: An international perspective: International focus to educational administration. London: Falmer Press.
99. Schlechty, P.C. (1990). Schools for the 21st century: Leadership imperatives for education reform. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
100. Schmidt, L.J. (1992, September). Women in educational administration: A disappearing construct. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of Women in Administration, Lincoln, NE.
101. Segal, J.A. (1991). Women on the verge ... of equality. HRMagazine, 36, 117-123.
102. Sergiovanni,T.J. (2001). The principalship: A reflective practice perspective (4th ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
103. Serwach, J.J. (2003). 20 years after 'A Nation at Risk': Why national education reform failed. Retrieved July 10, 2003 from The University RECORD Online, 1-2. http://www.umich.edu/~unrecord/0203/Mar 17_03/04.shtml.
104. Seyfarth, J.T.(1999). The principal: New leadership for new challenges. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
105. rd ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
106. Shakeshaft, G. (1993). Gender equity in schools. In C.A. Capper (ed.), Educational administration in a pluralistic society (pp. 87-109). Albany: State University of New York Press.
107. Shum, L.C. & Cheng, Y.C. (1997). Perceptions of women principals' leadership and teachers' wok attitudes. Journal of Educational Administration, 35(2), 165-184.
108. Skrla, L. (2000). The social construction of gender in the superintendency. Journal of Educational Policy, 15(3), 293-316.
109. Stewart, J. (1991). Priming the principal pump: Interns in Polk County. Updating School Board Policies, 3, 1-3.
110. Stout, R.I. (1973). New approaches to recruitment and selection of educational administration. Danville, IL: University Council for Educational Administration.(ERIC/Clearinghouse on Educational Management, 61832 72-86751).
111. Tanner, C.K. & Stone, C.D. (1998). School improvement policy: Have administrative functions of principals changed in schools where site-based management is practiced? Educational Policy Analysis Archives, 6(6), ISSN 1068-2341
112. Tekeste, M. (1996). The recruitment and selection of in-school administrators in Saskatchewan. S.S.T.A. Research Center Report. No. 96-05.
113. Thompson, S.D. (1993). Principals for our changing schools: The knowledge and skill base. Fairfax, VA: National Policy Board for Educational Administration
114. Trinidad, C. & Normore, A.H. (2005). Leadership and gender: A dangerous liaison? Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 26(6), (In Press).
115. Van Berkum, D.W., Richardson, M.D., & Lane, K.E. (1994). Professional development in educational administration programs: Where does it exist? Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) 026 260.
116. Victor, R. (2001, February). Is your glass half full or half empty? School leaders struggle with the pros and cons of the job. OPC Register: Magazine for Ontario's principals and vice-principals, 3(1), 7.
117. Wesson, L.H. & Grady, M.L. (1993, March). A comparative analysis of women superintendents in rural and urban settings. Paper presented at the National Conference on Creating the Quality School. Oklahoma City, OK.
118. White, J. & White, C. (1998). Hiring the principal: Guidelines for the selection committee. NASSP Bulletin, 82(601), 119-122.
119. Wildman, L. (2004, April). What your hiring practices say about you. School Administrator, 61(4). Electronic journal. Retrieved from http://www.aasa.org/publications/saarticledetail.dfm?ItemNumber=1466? snItemNumber=950&tnItemNumber=951
120. Williamson, R. D., & Hudson, M. B. (2001, April). New rules for the game: How women leaders resist socialization to old norms. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Seattle, WA.
121. Wilmore, E.L., McNeil, J.J., & Townzen, L. (1998). The evaluation of a field based. Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC 029705).
122. Winter, P.A. & Jaeger, M.G. (2002, August). An experimental investigation of principal selection decisions made by teachers serving on school councils. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Council of Professors of Educational Administration, Burlington, VT.
123. Winter, P.A. & Morgenthal, J.R. (2001, November). The impact of school achievement on principal recruitment in a reform environment. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the University Council for Educational Administration, Cincinnati, OH.
124. Winter, P.A., Rinehart, J., & Munoz, M. (2002). Principal recruitment: An empirical evaluation of a school district's internal pool of principal certified personnel. Journal of Personnel Evaluation, 16(2), 129-141.
125. Yerkes, D.M. & Guaglianone, C.L. (1998). Where have all the high school administrators gone? Thrust for Educational Leadership, 28(2), 10-14.
126. Young, M.D. & McLeod, S. (2001). Flukes, opportunities, and planned interventions: Factors affecting women's decisions to become school administrators. Educational Administration Quarterly, 37(5), 462-502.
127. Zellner, L., Jinkins, D., Gideon, B., Doughty, S., & McNamara, P. (2002, April). Saving the principal: The evolution of the initiatives that made a difference in the recruitment and retention of school leadership. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, LA.
128. Zellner, L.,Ward, S., McNamara, P., Gideon, B., Camacho, S.,& Edgewood, S. (2002, February). The loneliest job in town: Sculpting the recruitment and retention of the principal. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Southwest Educational Research Association, Austin, TX.