Nutritional interventions in critical illness

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society

Volumn 66, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 16-24

  Powell Tuck, Jeremy ^a  

^a ROYAL LONDON HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Critical illness; Glutamine; Metabolic responses; N and energy balance; Nutritional support

Indexed keywords

ALPHA TOCOPHERYLQUINONE; AMINO ACID; ARGININE; ASCORBIC ACID; GLUCOSE; GLUTAMINE; GROWTH HORMONE; HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN; INSULIN; MINERAL; SELENIUM; VITAMIN; ANTIOXIDANT;

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; CALORIC INTAKE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONFERENCE PAPER; CRITICAL ILLNESS; DIET THERAPY; DIETARY INTAKE; ENERGY BALANCE; ENTERIC FEEDING; FEEDING; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; IMMUNE RESPONSE; INFECTION COMPLICATION; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; INTESTINE MUCOSA; MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE; MUSCLE FUNCTION; MUSCLE MASS; NEUROPATHY; NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT; OBESITY; PROTEIN INTAKE; PROTEIN METABOLISM; SEPSIS; SUPPLEMENTATION; SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME; DRUG EFFECT; ENERGY METABOLISM; INTENSIVE CARE; METABOLISM; METHODOLOGY; NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENT; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; STANDARD; TIME;

AMINO ACIDS; ANTIOXIDANTS; CRITICAL CARE; CRITICAL ILLNESS; ENERGY METABOLISM; GLUTAMINE; HUMANS; NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS; NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT; OXIDATIVE STRESS; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 34248166598     PISSN: 00296651     EISSN: 14752719     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0029665107005253     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (90)

1. Alexander JW, MacMillan BG, Stinnett JD, Ogle CK, Bozian RC, Fischer JE, Oakes JB, Morris MJ & Krummel R (1980) Beneficial effects of aggressive protein feeding in severely burned children. Annals of Surgery 192, 505-517.
2. Ang B, Wade A, Halliday D & Powell-Tuck J (2000) Insulin reduces leucine oxidation and improves net leucine retention in parenterally fed humans. Nutrition 16, 221-225.
3. Ang BCN, Halliday D, Wade AJ & Powell-Tuck J (1992) Insulin reduces leucine oxidation and improves nitrogen balance in the parenterally fed state. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 51, 111A.
4. Angstwurm MW, Schottdorf J, Schopohl J & Gaertner R (1999) Selenium replacement in patients with severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome improves clinical outcome. Critical Care Medicine 27, 1807-1813.
5. Anonymous (1997) Lactic acidosis traced to thiamine deficiency related to nationwide shortage of multivitamins for total parenteral nutrition - United States 1997. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 46, 523-528.
6. Avenell A (2006) Glutamine in critical care: current evidence from systematic reviews. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 65, 236-241.
7. Avenell A, Noble DW, Barr J & Engelhardt T (2004) Selenium supplementation for critically ill adults. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004, issue 4, CD003703. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
8. Bansal V & Ochoa JB (2003) Arginine availability, arginase, and the immune response. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 6, 223-228.
9. Basuroy S, Sheth P, Mansbach CM & Rao RK (2005) Acetaldehyde disrupts tight junctions and adherens junctions in human colonic mucosa: protection by EGF and L-glutamine. American Journal of Physiology 289, G367-G375.
10. Benson MJ, Roberts JP, Wingate DL, Rogers J, Deeks JJ, Castillo FD & Williams NS (1994) Small bowel motility following major intra-abdominal surgery: the effects of opiates and rectal cisapride. Gastroenterology 106, 924-936.
11. Benson MJ & Wingate DL (1993) Ileus and mechanical obstruction. In An Illustrated Guide to Gastrointestinal Motility, pp. 547-566 [D Kumar and D Wingate, editors]. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.
12. Berger MM & Chiolero R (1995) Relations between copper, zinc and selenium intakes and malondialdehyde excretion after major burns. Burns 21, 507-512.
13. Berger MM, Reymond MJ, Shenkin A, Rey F, Wardle C, Cayeux C, Schindler C & Chiolero RL (2001) Influence of selenium supplements on the post-traumatic alterations of the thyroid axis: a placebo-controlled trial. Intensive Care Medicine 27, 91-100.
14. Berger MM, Spertini F, Shenkin A, Wardle C, Wiesner L, Schindler C & Chiolero RL (1998) Trace element supplementation modulates pulmonary infection rates after major burns: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 68, 365-371.
15. Castellino P, Luzi L, Simonson DC, Haymond M & DeFronzo RA (1987) Effect of insulin and plasma amino acid concentration on leucine metabolism: role of substrate availability on estimates of whole body protein synthesis. Journal of Clinical Investigation 80, 1784-1793.
16. Cerra F, Blackburn G, Hirsch J, Mullen K & Luther W (1987) The effect of stress level, amino acid formula, and nitrogen dose on nitrogen retention in traumatic and septic stress. Annals of Surgery 205, 282-287.
17. Clark EC, Patel SD, Chadwick PR, Warhurst G, Curry A & Carlson GL (2003) Glutamine deprivation facilitates tumour necrosis factor induced bacterial translocation in Caco-2 cells by depletion of enterocyte fuel substrate. Gut 52, 224-230.
18. Coeffier M, Le Pessot F, Leplingard A, Marion R, Lerebours E, Ducrotte P & Dechelotte P (2002) Acute enteral glutamine infusion enhances heme oxygenase-1 expression in human duodenal mucosa. Journal of Nutrition 132, 2570-2573.
19. Coeffier M, Miralles-Barrachina O, Le Pessot F, Lalaude O, Daveau M, Lavoinne A, Lerebours E & Dechelotte P (2001) Influence of glutamine on cytokine production by human gut in vitro. Cytokine 13, 148-154.
20. Cohen J (2002) The immunopathogenesis of sepsis. Nature 420, 885-891.
21. Collins S, Myatt M & Golden B (1998) Dietary treatment of severe malnutrition in adults. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 68, 193-199.
22. Delgado-Aros S & Camilleri M (2003) Pseudo-obstruction in the critically ill. Best Practice and Research Clinical Gastroenterology 17, 427-444.
23. De-Souza DA & Greene LJ (2005) Intestinal permeability and systemic infections in critically ill patients: effect of glutamine. Critical Care Medicine 33, 1125-1135.
24. Eliasen MM, Brabec M, Gerner C, Pollheimer J, Auer H, Zellner M, Weingartmann G, Garo F, Roth E & Oehler R (2006) Reduced stress tolerance of glutamine-deprived human monocytic cells is associated with selective down-regulation of Hsp70 by decreased mRNA stability. Journal of Molecular Medicine 84, 147-158.
25. Fink MP (2003) Intestinal epithelial hyperpermeability: update on the pathogenesis of gut mucosal barrier dysfunction in critical illness. Current Opinion in Critical Care 9, 143-151.
26. Flaring UB, Rooyackers OE, Wernerman J & Hammarqvist F (2003) Glutamine attenuates post-traumatic glutathione depletion in human muscle. Clinical Science 104, 275-282.
27. Forceville X, Vitoux D, Gauzit R, Combes A, Lahilaire P & Chappuis P (1998) Selenium, systemic immune response syndrome, sepsis and outcome in critically ill patients. Critical Care Medicine 26, 1536-1544.
28. Friedman G, Silva E & Vincent JL (1998) Has the mortality of septic shock changed with time. Critical Care Medicine 26, 2078-2086.
29. Glynn MJ, Metzner S, Halliday D & Powell-Tuck J (1987) The effect of exogenous insulin on whole body protein metabolism during the total parenteral nutrition of critically ill intensive care patients. Clinical Nutrition 6, Suppl. 1, 45.
30. Grimble RF (2001) Stress proteins in disease: metabolism on a knife edge. Clinical Nutrition 20, 469-476.
31. Guenst JM & Nelson LD (1994) Predictors of total parenteral nutrition-induced lipogenesis. Chest 105, 553-559.
32. Hammarqvist F, Andersson K, Luo JL & Wernerman J (2005) Free amino acid and glutathione concentrations in muscle during short-term starvation and refeeding. Clinical Nutrition 24, 236-243.
33. Harrison DA, Brady AR & Rowan K (2004) Case mix, outcome and length of stay for admissions to adult, general critical care units in England, Wales and Northern Ireland: the Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre Case Mix Programme Database. Critical Care 8, R99-R111; available at http://ccforum.com/content/8/2/R99
34. Hearing SD (2004) Refeeding syndrome. British Medical Journal 328, 908-909.
35. Hessov I, Jensen NG & Rasmussen A (1980) Prevention of hypophosphatemia during postoperative routine glucose administration. Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica 146, 109-114.
36. Heyland DK, Dhaliwal R, Day A, Jain M & Drover J (2004) Validation of the Canadian clinical practice guidelines for nutrition support in mechanically ventilated, critically ill adult patients: results of a prospective observational study. Critical Care Medicine 32, 2260-2266.
37. Heyland DK, Dhaliwal R, Drover JW, Gramlich L & Dodek P (2003) Canadian clinical practice guidelines for nutrition support in mechanically ventilated, critically ill adult patients. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 27, 355-373.
38. Heyland DK, Dhaliwal R, Suchner U & Berger MM (2005) Antioxidant nutrients: a systematic review of trace elements and vitamins in the critically ill patient. Intensive Care Medicine 31, 327-337.
39. Heyland DK, Novak F, Drover JW, Jain M, Su X & Suchner U (2001) Should immunonutrition become routine in critically ill patients? A systematic review of the evidence. Journal of the American Medical Association 286, 944-953.
40. Hoffer LJ (2003) Protein and energy provision in critical illness. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 78, 906-911.
41. Humbert B, Nguyen P, Martin L, Dumon H, Vallette G, Maugère P & Darmaun D (2006) Effect of glutamine on glutathione kinetics in vivo in dogs. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 18, 10-16.
42. Institute of Healthcare Improvement (2006) Sepsis care enters new era. http://www.ihi.org/IHI/Topics/CriticalCare/Sepsis/ImprovementStories/ SepsisCareEntersNewEra.htm
43. Korbonits M, Blaine D, Elia M & Powell-Tuck J (2005) Refeeding David Blaine - studies after a 44-day fast. New England Journal of Medicine 353, 2306-2307.
44. Li N, Lewis P, Samuelson D, Liboni K & Neu J (2004) Glutamine regulates Caco-2 cell tight junction proteins. American Journal of Physiology 287, G726-G733.
45. Liboni K, Li N & Neu J (2004) Mechanism of glutamine-mediated amelioration of lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-8 production in Caco-2 cells. Cytokine 21, 57-65.
46. Lochs H, Roth E, Gasic S, Hubl W, Morse EL & Adibi SA (1990) Splanchnic, renal, and muscle clearance of alanylglutamine in man and organ fluxes of alanine and glutamine when infused in free and peptide forms. Metabolism 39, 833-836.
47. Lowe DK, Benfell K, Smith RJ, Jacobs DO, Murawski B, Ziegler TR & Wilmore DW (1990) Safety of glutamine-enriched parenteral nutrient solutions in humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 52, 1101-1106.
48. Malmberg K (1997) Prospective randomised study of intensive insulin treatment on long term survival after acute myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus. DIGAMI (Diabetes Mellitus Insulin Glucose Infusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction) Study Group. British Medical Journal 314, 1512-1515.
49. Malmberg K, Ryden L, Efendic S, Herlitz J, Nicol P, Waldenstrom A, Wedel H & Welin L (1995) Randomized trial of insulin-glucose infusion followed by subcutaneous insulin treatment in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction (DIGAMI study): effects on mortality at 1 year. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 26, 57-65.
50. Marik PE & Bedigian MK (1996) Refeeding hypophosphatemia in critically ill patients in an intensive care unit. A prospective study. Archives of Surgery 131, 1043-1047.
51. Marik PE & Zaloga GP (2001) Early enteral nutrition in acutely ill patients: a systematic review. Critical Care Medicine 29, 2264-2270.
52. Marik PE & Zaloga GP (2003) Gastric versus post-pyloric feeding: a systematic review. Critical Care 7, R46-R51.
53. Martin CM, Doig GS, Heyland DK, Morrison T & Sibbald WJ (2004) Multicentre, cluster-randomized clinical trial of algorithms for critical-care enteral and parenteral therapy (ACCEPT). Canadian Medical Association Journal 170, 197-204.
54. Mates JM, Perez-Gomez C, de Castro INV, Asenjo M & Marquez J (2002) Glutamine and its relationship with intracellular redox status, oxidative stress and cell proliferation/death. International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 34, 439-458.
55. Mishra V, Baines M, Wenstone R & Shenkin A (2005) Markers of oxidative damage, antioxidant status and clinical outcome in critically ill patients. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry 42, 269-276.
56. Motoyama T, Okamoto K, Kukita I, Hamaguchi M, Kinoshita Y & Ogawa H (2003) Possible role of increased oxidant stress in multiple organ failure after systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Critical Care Medicine 31, 1048-1052.
57. Nathens AB, Neff MJ & Jurkovich GJ (2002) Randomized, prospective trial of antioxidant supplementation in critically ill surgical patients. Annals of Surgery 236, 814-822.
58. Novak F, Heyland DK, Avenell A, Drover JW & Su X (2002) Glutamine supplementation in serious illness: a systematic review of the evidence. Critical Care Medicine 30, 2022-2029.
59. Peck MD, Alexander JW, Gonce SJ & Miskell PW (1989) Low protein diets improve survival from peritonitis in guinea pigs. Annals of Surgery 209, 448-454.
60. Peck MD, Babcock GF & Alexander JW (1992) The role of protein and calorie restriction in outcome from Salmonella infection in mice. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 16, 561-565.
61. Powell-Tuck J (2000) The manipulation of plasma insulin concentration during clinical nutrition support: clinical application of protein turnover measurements. In Nutritional Metabolism and Malnutrition: A Festschrift for John Conrad Waterlow, pp. 81-86 [P Shetty, editor]. London: Smith-Gordon.
62. Powell-Tuck J, Jamieson CP, Bettany GEA, Obeid O, Fawcett HV, Archer C & Murphy DL (1999) A double blind, randomised controlled trial of glutamine supplementation in parenteral nutrition. Gut 45, 82-88.
63. Preiser JC, Berre J, Carpentier Y, Jolliet P, Pichard C, Van Gossum A & Vincent JL (1999) Management of nutrition in European intensive care units: results of a questionnaire. Working Group on Metabolism and Nutrition of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Intensive Care Medicine 25, 95-101.
64. Raina N & Jeejeebhoy KN (2004) Effect of low-protein diet and protein supplementation on the expressions of TNF-alpha TNFR-I, and TNFR-II in organs and muscle of LPS-injected rats. American Journal of Physiology 286, E481-E487.
65. Raina N, Lamarre J, Liew CC, Lofti AH & Jeejeebhoy KN (1999) Effect of nutrition on tumor necrosis factor receptors in weight-gaining and -losing rats. American Journal of Physiology 277, E464-E473.
66. Rayman MP (2000) The importance of selenium to human health. Lancet 356, 233-241.
67. Rennie MJ, Ahmed A, Khogali SE, Low SY, Hundal HS & Taylor PM (1996) Glutamine metabolism and transport in skeletal muscle and heart and their clinical relevance. Journal of Nutrition 126, Suppl. 4, 1142S-1149S.
68. Rennie MJ, Hundal HS, Babij P, MacLennan P, Taylor PM, Watt PW, Jepson MM & Millward DJ (1986) Characteristics of a glutamine carrier in skeletal muscle have important consequences for nitrogen loss in injury, infection, and chronic disease. Lancet ii, 1008-1012.
69. Ritz MA, Fraser R, Edwards N, Di Matteo AC, Chapman M, Butler R, Cmielewski P, Tournadre JP, Davidson G & Dent J (2001) Delayed gastric emptying in ventilated critically ill patients: measurement by 13 C-octanoic acid breath test. Critical Care Medicine 29, 1744-1749.
70. Ritz MA, Fraser R, Tam W & Dent J (2000) Impacts and patterns of disturbed gastrointestinal function in critically ill patients. American Journal of Gastroenterology 95, 3044-3052.
71. Roth E, Manhart N & Wessner B (2004) Assessing the anti-oxidative status in critically ill patients. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 7, 161-168.
72. Schofield WN (1985) Predicting basal metabolic rate, new standards and review of previous work. Human Nutrition Clinical Nutrition 39, Suppl. 1, 5-41.
73. Seth A, Basuroy S, Sheth P & Rao RK (2004) L-Glutamine ameliorates acetaldehyde-induced increase in paracellular permeability in Caco-2 cell monolayer. American Journal of Physiology 287, G510-G517.
74. Shaw SN, Elwyn DH, Askanazi J, Iles M, Schwarz Y & Kinney JM (1983) Effects of increasing nitrogen intake on nitrogen balance and energy expenditure in nutritionally depleted adult patients receiving parenteral nutrition. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 37, 930-940.
75. Simpson F & Doig GS (2005) Parenteral vs. enteral nutrition in the critically ill patient: a meta-analysis of trials using the intention to treat principle. Intensive Care Medicine 31, 12-23.
76. Soulsby CT, Khela M, Yazaki E, Evans DF, Hennessy E & Powell-Tuck J (2006) Measurements of gastric emptying during continuous nasogastric infusion of liquid feed: Electric impedance tomography versus gamma scintigraphy. Clinical Nutrition 25, 671-680.
77. Tjader I, Rooyackers O, Forsberg AM, Vesali RF, Garlick PJ & Wernerman J (2004) Effects on skeletal muscle of intravenous glutamine supplementation to ICU patients. Intensive Care Medicine 30, 266-275.
78. Travis SF, Sugerman HJ, Ruberg RL, Dudrick SJ, Delivoria-Papadopoulos M, Miller LD & Oski FA (1971) Alterations of red-cell glycolytic intermediates and oxygen transport as a consequence of hypophosphatemia in patients receiving intravenous hyperalimentation. New England Journal of Medicine 285, 763-768.
79. Van den Berghe G (2004) How does blood glucose control with insulin save lives in intensive care? Journal of Clinical Investigation 114, 1187-1195.
80. Van den Berghe G, Wilmer A, Hermans G, Meersseman W, Wouters PJ, Milants I, Van Wijngaerden E, Bobbaers H & Bouillon R (2006) Intensive insulin therapy in the medical ICU. New England Journal of Medicine 354, 449-461.
81. van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, Verwaest C, Bruyninckx F, Schetz M, Vlasselaers D, Ferdinande P, Lauwers P & Bouillon R (2001) Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. New England Journal of Medicine 345, 1359-1367.
82. Wernerman J & Hammarqvist F (1999) Modulation of endogenous glutathione availability. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 2, 487-492.
83. Wessner B, Strasser EM, Spittler A & Roth E (2003) Effect of single and combined supply of glutamine, glycine N-acetylcysteine, and R,S-alpha-lipoic acid on glutathione content of myelomonocytic cells. Clinical Nutrition 22, 515-522.
84. Wischmeyer PE (2006) Glutamine: the first clinically relevant pharmacological regulator of heat shock protein expression? Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 9, 201-206.
85. Wischmeyer PE, Lynch J, Liedel J, Wolfson R, Riehm J, Gottlieb L & Kahana M (2001) Glutamine administration reduces Gram-negative bacteremia in severely burned patients: a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial versus isonitrogenous control. Critical Care Medicine 29, 2075-2080.
86. Wolfe RR (2005) Regulation of skeletal muscle protein metabolism in catabolic states. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 8, 61-65.
87. Wolfe RR, Goodenough RD, Burke JF & Wolfe MH (1983) Response of protein and urea kinetics in burn patients to different levels of protein intake. Annals of Surgery 197, 163-171.
88. Wolfe RR & Martini WZ (2000) Changes in intermediary metabolism in severe surgical illness. World Journal of Surgery 24, 639-647.
89. World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization (2004) Vitamin and Mineral Requirements in Human Nutrition, 2nd ed., p. 209. Geneva: WHO.
90. Ziegler TR, Ogden LG, Singleton KD, Luo M, Fernandez-Estivariz C, Griffith DP, Galloway JR & Wischmeyer PE (2005) Parenteral glutamine increases serum heat shock protein 70 in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Medicine 31, 1079-1086.