Politics, culture, and school curriculum: The struggles in Hong Kong

Discourse

Volumn 28, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 139-157

  Ho, Wai Chung ^a  

^a HONG KONG BAPTIST UNIVERSITY   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 34247891500     PISSN: 01596306     EISSN: 14693739     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01596300701289045     Document Type: Review

References (108)

1. Almond, G. A., & Verba, S. (1963). The civic culture. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University.
2. Altbach, P. G., & Kelly, G. P. (1978). Education and colonialism. New York: Longman.
3. Apple, M. (1993). Official knowledge: Democratic education in a conservative age. London: Routledge.
4. Bray, M. (1994). Decolonisation and education: New paradigms for the remnants of empire. Compare Education, 24(1), 37-51.
5. Bray, M. (1997). Education and colonial transition: the Hong Kong experience in comparative perspective. Comparative Education, 33(2), 157-169.
6. Bray, M., & Koo, R. (2004). Language and education. In M. Bray, & R. Koo (Eds.), Education and society in Hong Kong and Macau: Comparative perspectives on continuity and change (2nd Edn, pp. 141-158). Hong Kong: Comparative Education Research Centre, University of Hong Kong.
7. Carnoy, M. (1974). Education as cultural imperialism. New York: D. McKay Co.
8. Chan, J. M., Chau, K. K. L., & Lee, F. L. F. (2002). Abstract principle versus concrete interest: A study of education and political opinion in Hong Kong. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 14(1), 54-72.
9. Cheng, K. M. (1992). Educational policy making in Hong Kong: The changing legitimacy. In G. A. Postoglione, & Y. Y. M. Leung (Eds.), Education and society in Hong Kong toward one country and two systems (pp. 97-116). Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
10. Cheng, K. (1996). Education: Crises amidst challenges. In M. Nyaw, & S. Li (Eds.), The other Hong Kong report 1995 (pp. 453-472). Hong Kong: Chinese University Press.
11. Cheung, C. K., & Leung, M. (1998). From civic education to general studies: the implementation of political education into the primary curriculum. Compare, 28(1), 47-56.
12. Cheung, K. W. (1997). Curriculum as a form of social practice. In G. A. Postiglione, & W. O. Lee (Eds.), Schooling in Hong Kong: Organization, teaching, and social context (pp. 117-134). Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
13. Choi, P. K. ( 1990). A search for cultural identity: The students' movement of the early seventies. In A. Sweeting (Ed.), Differences and identities educational argument in late twentieth century Hong Kong (pp. 81-107). Hong Kong: Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong.
14. Committee on the Promotion of Civic Education. (1996). The committee on the promotion of civic education: Biannual report. Hong Kong: Government Printer.
15. Curriculum Corporation. (1997). Introducing discovering democracy. Carlton, Victoria: Curriculum Corp.
16. Curriculum Development Committee. (1985). Guidelines on civic education in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Government Printer.
17. Curriculum Development Council. (1996). Guidelines on civic education in schools. Hong Kong: Government Printer.
18. Curriculum Development Council. (1997a). Syllabuses for secondary schools, Chinese history (secondary I-III). Hong Kong: Government Printer.
19. Curriculum Development Council. (1997b). Syllabuses for primary schools: General studies. Hong Kong: Government Printer.
20. Curriculum Development Council. (1998). Civic education: Secondary 1-3. Hong Kong: Government Printer.
21. Curriculum Development Council. (2002a). Basic education curriculum guide: Building on strengths (primary 1-secondary 3). Hong Kong: Government Printer.
22. Curriculum Development Council. (2002b). Arts education: Key learning area curriculum guide (primary 1-secondary 3). Hong Kong: Government Printer.
23. Curriculum Development Council. (2002c). Personal, social and humanities education: Key learning area curriculum guide (primary 1-secondary 3). Hong Kong: Government Printer.
24. Curriculum Development Council. (2003). Arts education key learning area: Music curriculum guide (primary 1-secondary 3). Hong Kong: Government Logistics Department.
25. Curriculum Development Council. (2005). The new academic structure for senior secondary education and higher education - Action plan for investing in the future of Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Curriculum Development Council.
26. Curriculum Development Council Textbook Review Committee. (1998). Xiuding keben de jiben yuanze (Fundamental principles for revising textbooks). Hong Kong: Curriculum Development Council.
27. Dawson, R. E., Prewitt, K., & Dawson, K. S. (1977). Political socialization (2nd Edn). Boston, MA: Little, Brown & Co.
28. Department for Education and Employment (1999). The national curriculum for England: Citizenship. London: Department for Education and Employment and Qualifications and Curriculum Authority.
29. Easton, R. H. (1965). A systems analysis of political life. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
30. Education Commission. (2003). Review of the academic structure of senior secondary education. Hong Kong: Education Commission.
31. Education Commission. (2004). Progress report on the education reform (3). Hong Kong: Government Logistics Department.
32. Evans, S. (2002). The medium of instruction in Hong Kong: Policy and practice in the new English and Chinese stream. Research Papers in Education, 17(1), 97-120.
33. Fairbrother, G. P. (2003a). Toward critical patriotism: Student resistance to political education in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
34. Fairbrother, G. P. (2003b). Mainland Chinese university students' national attitudes. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 24(5), 605-620.
35. Fairbrother, G. P. (2005). Power and right in Hong Kong's citizenship education. Citizenship Studies, 9(3), 293-308.
36. Firth, S., & Darlington, R. (1993). Racial stereotypes in the Australian curriculum: The case-study of New South Wales. In J. A. Mangan (Ed.), The imperial curriculum: Racial images and education in the British colonial experience (pp. 79-92). London: Routledge.
37. Fok, S. C. (1997). Political change in Hong Kong and its implications for civic education. Journal of Moral Education, 26(1), 85-100.
38. Galanin, I. (2004). On patriotic education in the cadet corps of the ministry for civil defense, emergencies, and natural disasters. Russian Education & Society, 46(12), 75-81.
39. Giok, L. O. (2005). The role of the developmental state and interethnic relations in Singapore. Asian Ethnicity, 6(2), 109-120.
40. Glad, I. (1998). An identity dilemma: A comparative study ofprimary education for ethnic Chinese in the context of national identity and nation building in Malaysia and Singapore. Oslo: Scandinavian University Press.
41. Gramsci, A. (1971). Selections from the prison notebooks (Q. Hoare & G. N. Smith, Eds.). New York: International Publishers.
42. Griffin, R. (Ed.) (2002). Education in transition: International perspectives on the politics and processes of change. Oxford, UK: Symposium Books.
43. Hahn, C. (1998). Becoming political: Comparative perspectives on citizenship education. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
44. Ho, W. C. (1996). Hong Kong secondary music education: A sociological enquiry. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Institute of Education, University of London.
45. Ho, W. C. (1999a). Hong Kong secondary music education: Political transition and civic education. Music Education Research, 1(2), 171-189.
46. Ho, W. C. (1999b). The sociopolitical transformations and Hong Kong secondary music education: Politicization, culturalization, and marketization. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 140, 41-56.
47. Ho, W. C. (2000). Political impact on curriculum content and musical meaning: Hong Kong Secondary Music Education, 1949-1997. Journal of Historical Research in Music Education, XXII(1), 5-24.
48. Ho, W. C. (2002). Musical behaviour of young Hong Kong students. Educational Research Journal, 17(2), 197-217.
49. Ho, W. C. (2003a). Gender differences in instrumental learning, preferences for musical activities and musical genres: a comparative study on Hong Kong, Shanghai and Taipei. Research Studies in Music Education, 20, 71-90.
50. Ho, W. C. (2003b). Democracy, citizenship and extra-musical learning in two Chinese communities: Hong Kong and Taiwan. Compare, 33(2), 155-171.
51. Ho, W. C. & Law, W. W. (2006). Challenges to globalisation, localisation, and sinophilia in music education: A comparative study of Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Taipei. British Journal of Music Education, 23(2), 217-237.
52. Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority. (2005). The syllabus for liberal studies advanced supplementary level. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority.
53. Hong Kong Federation of Youth Groups. (1994). Beijing-Guangzhou-Hong Kong comparative youth study series topic 3: Nation and ethnicity. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Federation of Youth Groups.
54. Kan, F., & Vickers, E. (2002). One Hong Kong, two histories: 'History' and 'Chinese history' in the Hong Kong school curriculum. Comparative Education, 38(1), 73-89.
55. Kuenzi, M. (2005). The role of nonformal education in promoting democratic attitudes: Findings from Senegal. Democratization, 12(2), 223-243.
56. Lai, K. H. (1999). Civic education: A focus on student affairs practice after reunification. Educational Studies, 25(2), 205-215.
57. Lai, P. S., & Byram, M. (2003). The politics of bilingualism: a reproduction analysis of the policy of mother tongue education in Hong Kong after 1997. Compare, 33(3), 315-334.
58. Lam, C. C., & Lai, L. L. B. (1994). Revising the junior secondary school geography curriculum: Meeting the challenges of the twenty-first century. In C. C. Lam, H. S. Hon, M. K. Ho, E. Y. F. Man & P. M. M. Sze (Eds.), Conference on curriculum changes in Hong Kong: The needs of the new era (pp. 107-113). Hong Kong: Department of Curriculum and Instruction, CUHK, and Curriculum Development Institute, Education Department.
59. Law, W. W. (2003). Globalization as both threat and opportunity for the Hong Kong teaching profession. Journal of Educational Change, 4, 149-179.
60. Law, W. W. (2004). Globalization and citizenship education in Hong Kong and Taiwan. Comparative Education Review, 48(3), 253-273.
61. Law, W. W., & Ho, W. C. (2004). Values education in Hong Kong school music education: A sociological critique. British Journal of Educational Studies, 52(1), 65-82.
62. Lee, W. O. (2004). Citizenship education in Hong Kong development and challenges. In W. O. Lee, D. L. Grossman, K. J. Kennedy & G. P. Fairbrother (Eds.), Citizenship education in Asia and the Pacific: concepts and issues (pp. 59-80). Hong Kong: Comparative Education Research Centre, University of Hong Kong.
63. Lee, W. O., & Bray, M. (1995). Education: evolving patterns and challenges. In J. Y. S. Cheng, & S. S. H. Lo (Eds.), From colony to SAR: Hong Kong's challenges ahead (pp. 357-378). Hong Kong: Chinese University Press.
64. Leung, Y. W. (2003). Hong Kong civic education teachers' understanding of nationalistic education (in Chinese). Journal of Basic Education, 12(2), 29-56.
65. Leung, Y. W. (2004). Nationalistic education and indoctrination. Citizenship. Social and Economics Education, 6(2), 116-130.
66. Leung, Y. W., & Ng, S. W. (2004). Back to square one: The re-depolitcizing of civic education in Hong Kong. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 24(1), 43-60.
67. Leung, Y. W., & Print, M. (2002). Nationalistic education as the focus for civics and citizenship education: The case of Hong Kong. Asia Pacific Education Review, 3(2), 197-209.
68. Liang, Y. M., Yeh, S. B., & Lee, J. C. (2003). Hudong zhongguo lishi sanxia (Interactive Chinese history secondary 3, Vol. 2) (2nd Edn.). Hong Kong: Manhattan Press Ltd.
69. Lo, J. T. Y. (2004). The junior secondary history curricula in Hong Kong and Shanghai: A comparative study. Comparative Education, 40(3), 343-361.
70. Lo, T. Y. (2000). Changes in the primary social studies curriculum: A contextual analysis. In Y. C. Cheng, K. W. Chow, & K. T. Tsui (Eds.), School curriculum changes and development in Hong Kong (pp. 557-570). Hong Kong: Hong Kong Institute of Education.
71. Lo, Y. C. (2000). School-based curriculum development: The Hong Kong experience. The Curriculum Journal, 10(3), 419-442.
72. Lo, Y. C. (2004). Curriculum reform. In M. Bray, & R. Koo (Eds.), Education and society in Hong Kong and Macau: Comparative perspectives on continuity and change (2nd Edn, pp. 161-174). Hong Kong: Comparative Education Research Centre, University of Hong Kong.
73. Luk Fong, P. Y. L. (2001). Competing contexts for developing personal and social education in Hong Kong. Comparative Education, 37(1), 65-87.
74. Maslen, G. (1994). The British invaded Australia. The Times Educational Supplement, 4070, 1.
75. Merriam, C. E. (1931). The making of citizens. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
76. Merriam, C. E. (1934). Civic education in the United States. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
77. Morris, P. (1990). Bureaucracy, professionalization and school centred innovation strategies. International Review of Education, 36(1), 21-41.
78. Morris, P. (1992). Preparing pupils as citizens of the Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong: An analysis of curriculum change and control during the transition period. In Postiglione G. A. (Ed.), Education and society in Hong Kong: Toward one country and two systems (pp. 117-145). Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
79. Morris, P. (1998). School knowledge, the state and the market: An analysis of the Hong Kong secondary school curriculum. In P. Stimpson, & P. Morris (Eds.), Curriculum and assessment for Hong Kong: Two components, one system (pp. 141-170). Hong Kong: Open University of Hong Kong Press.
80. Morris, P., & Chan, K. K. (1997). The Hong Kong school curriculum and the political transition: politicisation, contextualisation and symbolic action. Comparative Education, 33(2), 247-264.
81. Morris, P., Kan, F., & Morris, E. (2000). Education, civic participation and identity: Continuity and change in Hong Kong. Cambridge Journal of Education, 30(2), 243-262.
82. Morris, P., McClelland, G., & Wong, P. M. (1998). Explaining curriculum changes: Social studies in Hong Kong. In P. Stimpson, & P. Morris (Eds.), Curriculum and assessment for Hong Kong: Two components, one system (pp. 103-124). Hong Kong: Open University of Hong Kong Press.
83. Morris, P., & Morris, E. (1999). Civics education in Hong Kong: From depoliticization to Chinese values. International Journal of Social Education, 14(1), 1-18.
84. Morris, P., & Sweeting, A. (1991). Education and politics: The case of Hong Kong from an historical perspective. Oxford Review of Education, 17(3), 249-267.
85. Nie, N., Junn, J., & Stehlik-Barry, K. (1996). Education and democratic citizenship in America. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
86. Niemi, R., & Junn, J. (1998). Civic education: What makes students learn. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
87. Okoth, P. G. (1993). The creation of a dependent culture: The imperial school curriculum in Uganda. In J. A. Mangan (Ed.), The imperial curriculum: Racial images and education in the British colonial experience (pp. 135-146). London: Routledge.
88. Pak, S. Y. (2004). Cultural politics and vocational religious education: The case of Turkey. Comparative Education, 40(3), 321-341.
89. Postiglione, G. A. (1992). The decolonization of Hong Kong education. In G. A. Postiglione (Ed.) in collaboration with J. Y. M. Leung, Education and society in Hong Kong: Toward one country and two systems (pp. 3-38). Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
90. Putnam, R. (1993). Making democracy work: Civic traditions in modern Italy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
91. Said, E. W. (1994). Culture and imperialism. New York: Vintage.
92. Sears, D. O. (1990). Whither political socialization research: The question of persistence. In O. Ichilov (Ed.), Political socialization, citizenship education, and democracy (pp. 69-97). New York: Teachers College Press.
93. Sweeting, A. (1991). Politics and the art of teaching history in Hong Kong. Teaching History, 64, 30-37.
94. Tan, K. (2004). Secondary school history curricula. In M. Bray, & R. Koo (Eds.), Education and society in Hong Kong and Macau: Comparative perspectives on continuity and change (2nd Edn, pp. 201-222). Hong Kong: Comparative Education Research Centre, University of Hong Kong.
95. Tan, J., Gopinathan, S., & Ho, W. K. (1997). Education in Singapore: A book of readings. Singapore: Prentice-Hall.
96. Tse, K. C. (2004). Civic and political education. In M. Bray, & R. Koo (Eds.), Education and society in Hong Kong and Macao: Comparative perspective on continuity and change (2nd Edn, pp. 175-200). Hong Kong: Comparative Education Research Centre, University of Hong Kong.
97. Tse, K. T. (1997). The poverty of political education in Hong Kong secondary schools, Occasional Paper no. 69. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies.
98. Vickers, E. (2002). The politics of history education in Hong Kong: The case of local history. International Journal of Education Research, 37, 587-602.
99. Vickers, E., & Kan, F. (2003). The reeducation of Hong Kong: Identity, politics, and education in postcolonial Hong Kong. American Asian Review, 21(4), 179-228.
100. Walker, A. (2004). Constitution and culture: Exploring the deep leadership structures of Hong Kong schools. Discourse, 25(1), 75-94.
101. Wallas, G. (1908). Human nature in politics. London: Archibald Constable.
102. Wang, X. H. (1989). You, educators have offended the law (in Chinese). Ming Pao Monthly Journal, 248 (August), 16-18.
103. Westheimer, J., & Kahne, J. (2003). Reconnecting education to democracy: Democracy dialogues. Phi Delta Kappan, 85(1), 9-14.
104. Wong, T. H. (2003). Education and state formation reconsidered: Chinese school identity in postwar Singapore. The Journal of Historical Sociology, 16(2), 237-265.
105. Wong, T. K. Y., & Shum, K. C. (1996). Civic awareness of Hong Kong young people in the late transitional period: A comparison of Hong Kong as a whole and the Shatin district. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, CUHK.
106. Yu, G. Y., Liang, Y. M., & Chen, W. M. (1994). Zhongguo lishi (Chinese history). Hong Kong: Manhattan Press.
107. Yu, G. Y., Liang, Y. M., & Chen, W. M. (1997). Zhongguo lishi (Chinese history) (2nd Edn.). Hong Kong: Manhattan Press.
108. Zhou, J. R., Hu, Z. W., Liang, G. Z., Qu, D. R., Rong, Z. S., & Zhen, J. T. (2004). Xinlinian zhongguo lishi zhongsan (New idea Chinese history secondary 3). Hong Kong: Hong Kong Educational Publishing Co.