메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 56, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 228-248

Teacher Immediacy Scales: Testing for Validity Across Cultures

Author keywords

Cross Culture; Immediacy; Teacher Immediacy Scales; Validity

Indexed keywords


EID: 34247333744     PISSN: 03634523     EISSN: 14795795     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/03634520601089092     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (30)

References (64)
  • 1
    • 0001319280 scopus 로고
    • Teacher immediacy as a predictor of teacher effectiveness
    • Andersen, J. F. (1979). Teacher immediacy as a predictor of teacher effectiveness. Communication Yearbook, 3, 543-559.
    • (1979) Communication Yearbook , vol.3 , pp. 543-559
    • Andersen, J.F.1
  • 2
    • 34247333184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1985, Nonverbal immediacy in interpersonal communication. In A. W. Siegman & S. Feldstein (Eds, Multichannel integrations of nonverbal behavior pp. 1-36, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
    • Anderson, P. A. (1985). Nonverbal immediacy in interpersonal communication. In A. W. Siegman & S. Feldstein (Eds.), Multichannel integrations of nonverbal behavior (pp. 1-36). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
    • Anderson, P.A.1
  • 3
    • 0039158431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cognitive valence theory of intimate communication
    • Andersen, P. A. (1998). The cognitive valence theory of intimate communication. Progress in Communication Sciences, XIV, 39-72.
    • (1998) Progress in Communication Sciences , vol.14 , pp. 39-72
    • Andersen, P.A.1
  • 5
  • 6
    • 35348963191 scopus 로고
    • Eye-contact, distance, and affiliation
    • Argyle, M., & Dean, J. (1965). Eye-contact, distance, and affiliation. Sociometry, 28, 289-304.
    • (1965) Sociometry , vol.28 , pp. 289-304
    • Argyle, M.1    Dean, J.2
  • 7
    • 7444251317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insights into teaching the Chinese learner
    • D. A. Watkins & J. B. Biggs Eds, Hong Kong: Comparative Education Research Center
    • Biggs, J. B., & Watkins, D. A. (2001). Insights into teaching the Chinese learner. In D. A. Watkins & J. B. Biggs (Eds.), Teaching the Chinese learner: Psychological and pedagogical perspectives (pp. 277-300). Hong Kong: Comparative Education Research Center.
    • (2001) Teaching the Chinese learner: Psychological and pedagogical perspectives , pp. 277-300
    • Biggs, J.B.1    Watkins, D.A.2
  • 8
    • 0010983897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the validity of measurement
    • L. G. Grimm & P. R. Yarnold Eds, Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
    • Bryant, F. B. (2000). Assessing the validity of measurement. In L. G. Grimm & P. R. Yarnold (Eds.), Reading and understanding more multivariate statistics (pp. 99-146). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
    • (2000) Reading and understanding more multivariate statistics , pp. 99-146
    • Bryant, F.B.1
  • 9
    • 84987490986 scopus 로고
    • A communication model of personal space violations: Explication and an initial test
    • Burgeon, J. K. (1978). A communication model of personal space violations: Explication and an initial test. Human Communication Research, 4, 129-142.
    • (1978) Human Communication Research , vol.4 , pp. 129-142
    • Burgeon, J.K.1
  • 10
    • 0000453621 scopus 로고
    • Cross-cultural and intercultural applications of expectancy violations theory
    • R. L. Wiseman Ed, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Burgoon, J. K. (1995). Cross-cultural and intercultural applications of expectancy violations theory. In R. L. Wiseman (Ed.), Intercultural communication theory (pp. 194-214). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • (1995) Intercultural communication theory , pp. 194-214
    • Burgoon, J.K.1
  • 12
    • 84955231474 scopus 로고
    • Nonverbal expectancy violations: Model elaboration and application to immediacy behaviors
    • Burgoon, J. K., & Hale, J. L. (1988). Nonverbal expectancy violations: Model elaboration and application to immediacy behaviors. Communication Monographs, 55, 58-79.
    • (1988) Communication Monographs , vol.55 , pp. 58-79
    • Burgoon, J.K.1    Hale, J.L.2
  • 13
    • 34247348821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining face-to-face interaction: Discrepancy-arousal theory
    • L. K. Guerrero, J. A. DeVito, & M. L. Hecht Eds, Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland
    • Cappella, J. N. (1999). Explaining face-to-face interaction: Discrepancy-arousal theory. In L. K. Guerrero, J. A. DeVito, & M. L. Hecht (Eds.), The nonverbal communication reader: Classic and contemporary readings (pp. 445-452). Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland.
    • (1999) The nonverbal communication reader: Classic and contemporary readings , pp. 445-452
    • Cappella, J.N.1
  • 14
    • 84972844232 scopus 로고
    • A discrepancy-arousal explanation of mutual influence in expressive behavior for adult and infant-adult interaction
    • Cappella, J. N., & Greene, J. O. (1982). A discrepancy-arousal explanation of mutual influence in expressive behavior for adult and infant-adult interaction. Communication Monographs, 49, 89-114.
    • (1982) Communication Monographs , vol.49 , pp. 89-114
    • Cappella, J.N.1    Greene, J.O.2
  • 15
    • 0000727867 scopus 로고
    • The effects of distance and individual differences in arousability on nonverbal involvement: A test of discrepancy-arousal theory
    • Cappella, J. N., & Greene, J. O. (1984). The effects of distance and individual differences in arousability on nonverbal involvement: A test of discrepancy-arousal theory. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 8, 259-286.
    • (1984) Journal of Nonverbal Behavior , vol.8 , pp. 259-286
    • Cappella, J.N.1    Greene, J.O.2
  • 16
    • 0010942490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Communication for learning across cultures
    • D. McNamara & R. Harris Eds, London: Routledge
    • Cortazzi, M., & Jin, L. (1997). Communication for learning across cultures. In D. McNamara & R. Harris (Eds.), Overseas students in higher education (pp. 76-90). London: Routledge.
    • (1997) Overseas students in higher education , pp. 76-90
    • Cortazzi, M.1    Jin, L.2
  • 18
    • 33645218735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship of ethnicity and sex to professor credibility at a culturally diverse university
    • Glascock, J., & Ruggiero, T. E. (2006). The relationship of ethnicity and sex to professor credibility at a culturally diverse university. Communication Education, 55, 197-207.
    • (2006) Communication Education , vol.55 , pp. 197-207
    • Glascock, J.1    Ruggiero, T.E.2
  • 19
    • 84954685274 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between verbal teacher immediacy behaviors and student learning
    • Gorham, J. (1988). The relationship between verbal teacher immediacy behaviors and student learning. Communication Education, 37, 40-53.
    • (1988) Communication Education , vol.37 , pp. 40-53
    • Gorham, J.1
  • 20
    • 34247366602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methodological issues in conducting theory-based cross-cultural research
    • H. Spencer-Oatley Ed, London: Continuum International
    • Gudykunst, W. B. (2000). Methodological issues in conducting theory-based cross-cultural research. In H. Spencer-Oatley (Ed.), Culturally speaking: Managing rapport through talk across cultures (pp. 293-315). London: Continuum International.
    • (2000) Culturally speaking: Managing rapport through talk across cultures , pp. 293-315
    • Gudykunst, W.B.1
  • 21
    • 17044364329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are Chinese teachers authoritarian?
    • D. A. Watkins & J. B. Biggs Eds, Hong Kong: Comparative Education Research Center
    • Ho, I. T. (2001). Are Chinese teachers authoritarian? In D. A. Watkins & J. B. Biggs (Eds.), Teaching the Chinese learner: Psychological and pedagogical perspectives (pp. 99-114). Hong Kong: Comparative Education Research Center.
    • (2001) Teaching the Chinese learner: Psychological and pedagogical perspectives , pp. 99-114
    • Ho, I.T.1
  • 22
    • 67650706330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives
    • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55.
    • (1999) Structural Equation Modeling , vol.6 , pp. 1-55
    • Hu, L.1    Bentler, P.M.2
  • 23
    • 0036638489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cross-cultural study of immediacy, credibility, and learning in the U.S. and Kenya
    • Johnson, S. C., & Miller, A. N. (2002). A cross-cultural study of immediacy, credibility, and learning in the U.S. and Kenya. Communication Education, 51, 280-292.
    • (2002) Communication Education , vol.51 , pp. 280-292
    • Johnson, S.C.1    Miller, A.N.2
  • 24
    • 84928833275 scopus 로고
    • College teacher misbehaviors: What students don't like about what teachers say or do
    • Kearney, P., Plax, T. G., Hays, E. R., & Ivey, M. J. (1991). College teacher misbehaviors: What students don't like about what teachers say or do. Communication Quarterly, 39, 309-324.
    • (1991) Communication Quarterly , vol.39 , pp. 309-324
    • Kearney, P.1    Plax, T.G.2    Hays, E.R.3    Ivey, M.J.4
  • 27
    • 0002060387 scopus 로고
    • Issues in cross-cultural psychology
    • A. J. Marsella, R. G. Tharp, & T. J. Cibrowski Eds, New York: Academic Press
    • Lonner, W. (1979). Issues in cross-cultural psychology. In A. J. Marsella, R. G. Tharp, & T. J. Cibrowski (Eds.), Perspectives on cross-cultural psychology (pp. 17-45). New York: Academic Press.
    • (1979) Perspectives on cross-cultural psychology , pp. 17-45
    • Lonner, W.1
  • 28
    • 0005591369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multicultural examination of the relationship between nonverbal immediacy and affective learning
    • McCroskey, J. C., Fayer, J. M., Richmond, V. P., Sallinen, A., & Barradough, R. A. (1996). A multicultural examination of the relationship between nonverbal immediacy and affective learning. Communication Quarterly, 44, 297-307.
    • (1996) Communication Quarterly , vol.44 , pp. 297-307
    • McCroskey, J.C.1    Fayer, J.M.2    Richmond, V.P.3    Sallinen, A.4    Barradough, R.A.5
  • 29
    • 21844519049 scopus 로고
    • A crosscultural and multi-behavioral analysis of the relationship between nonverbal immediacy and teacher evaluation
    • McCroskey, J. C., Richmond, V. P., Sallinen, A., Fayer, J. M., & Barraclough, R. A. (1995). A crosscultural and multi-behavioral analysis of the relationship between nonverbal immediacy and teacher evaluation. Communication Education, 44, 281-291.
    • (1995) Communication Education , vol.44 , pp. 281-291
    • McCroskey, J.C.1    Richmond, V.P.2    Sallinen, A.3    Fayer, J.M.4    Barraclough, R.A.5
  • 31
    • 0040799943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Goodwill: A reexamination of the construct and its measurement
    • McCroskey, J. C., & Teven, J. J. (1999). Goodwill: A reexamination of the construct and its measurement. Communication Monographs, 66, 90-103.
    • (1999) Communication Monographs , vol.66 , pp. 90-103
    • McCroskey, J.C.1    Teven, J.J.2
  • 32
    • 0002201537 scopus 로고
    • Ethos and credibility: The construct and its measurement after three decades
    • McCroskey, J. C., & Young, T. J. (1981). Ethos and credibility: the construct and its measurement after three decades. Central States Speech Journal, 32, 24-34.
    • (1981) Central States Speech Journal , vol.32 , pp. 24-34
    • McCroskey, J.C.1    Young, T.J.2
  • 33
    • 0014172726 scopus 로고
    • Orientation behaviors and nonverbal attitude communication
    • Mehrabian, A. (1967). Orientation behaviors and nonverbal attitude communication. Journal of Communication, 17, 324-332.
    • (1967) Journal of Communication , vol.17 , pp. 324-332
    • Mehrabian, A.1
  • 34
    • 49949149877 scopus 로고
    • Attitudes inferred from non-immediacy of verbal communications
    • Mehrabian, A. (1969). Attitudes inferred from non-immediacy of verbal communications. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 6, 294-295.
    • (1969) Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior , vol.6 , pp. 294-295
    • Mehrabian, A.1
  • 36
    • 84949771540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An inductive analysis of verbal immediacy: Alternative conceptualization of relational verbal approach/avoidance strategies
    • Mottet, T. P., & Richmond, V. P. (1998). An inductive analysis of verbal immediacy: Alternative conceptualization of relational verbal approach/avoidance strategies. Communication Quarterly, 46, 25-40.
    • (1998) Communication Quarterly , vol.46 , pp. 25-40
    • Mottet, T.P.1    Richmond, V.P.2
  • 37
    • 34247398102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the source: Teacher credibility and aggressive communication traits
    • T. P. Mottet, V. P. Richmond, & J. C. McCroskey Eds, Boston: Allyn & Bacon
    • Myers, S. A., & Martin, M. M. (2006). Understanding the source: Teacher credibility and aggressive communication traits. In T. P. Mottet, V. P. Richmond, & J. C. McCroskey (Eds.), Handbook of instructional communication: Rhetorical and relational perspectives (pp. 67-88). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
    • (2006) Handbook of instructional communication: Rhetorical and relational perspectives , pp. 67-88
    • Myers, S.A.1    Martin, M.M.2
  • 38
    • 0009535761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Instructor immediacy in the Chinese college classroom
    • Myers, S. A., Zhong, M., & Guan, S. (1998). Instructor immediacy in the Chinese college classroom. Communication Studies, 49, 240-254.
    • (1998) Communication Studies , vol.49 , pp. 240-254
    • Myers, S.A.1    Zhong, M.2    Guan, S.3
  • 40
    • 0031536837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cross-cultural comparison of teacher immediacy in American and Japanese college classrooms
    • Neuliep, J. W. (1997). A cross-cultural comparison of teacher immediacy in American and Japanese college classrooms. Communication Research, 24, 431-451.
    • (1997) Communication Research , vol.24 , pp. 431-451
    • Neuliep, J.W.1
  • 41
    • 0041034338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Face and facework in conflict: A cross-cultural comparison of China, Germany, Japan, and the United States
    • Oetzel, J., Ting-Toomey, S., Masumoto, T., Yokochi, Y., Pan, X., Takai, J., et al. (2001). Face and facework in conflict: A cross-cultural comparison of China, Germany, Japan, and the United States. Communication Monographs, 68, 235-258.
    • (2001) Communication Monographs , vol.68 , pp. 235-258
    • Oetzel, J.1    Ting-Toomey, S.2    Masumoto, T.3    Yokochi, Y.4    Pan, X.5    Takai, J.6
  • 42
    • 0002424434 scopus 로고
    • Conceptions of self within China and the United States: Contrasting foundations for adult education
    • Pratt, D. D. (1991). Conceptions of self within China and the United States: Contrasting foundations for adult education. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 15, 285-310.
    • (1991) International Journal of Intercultural Relations , vol.15 , pp. 285-310
    • Pratt, D.D.1
  • 43
    • 3042654727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between nonverbal immediacy, student motivation, and perceived cognitive learning among Japanese college students
    • Pribyl, C. B., Sakamoto, M., & Keaten, J. A. (2004). The relationship between nonverbal immediacy, student motivation, and perceived cognitive learning among Japanese college students. Japanese Psychological Research, 46, 73-85.
    • (2004) Japanese Psychological Research , vol.46 , pp. 73-85
    • Pribyl, C.B.1    Sakamoto, M.2    Keaten, J.A.3
  • 44
    • 0000039898 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between selected immediacy behaviors and cognitive learning
    • Richmond, V. P., Gorham, J. S., & McCroskey, J. C. (1987). The relationship between selected immediacy behaviors and cognitive learning. Communication Yearbook, 10, 574-590.
    • (1987) Communication Yearbook , vol.10 , pp. 574-590
    • Richmond, V.P.1    Gorham, J.S.2    McCroskey, J.C.3
  • 46
    • 33644986088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of the nonverbal immediacy scale (NIS): Measures of self-and other-perceived nonverbal immediacy
    • Richmond, V. P., McCroskey, J. C., & Johnson, A. D. (2003). Development of the nonverbal immediacy scale (NIS): Measures of self-and other-perceived nonverbal immediacy. Communication Quarterly, 51, 504-517.
    • (2003) Communication Quarterly , vol.51 , pp. 504-517
    • Richmond, V.P.1    McCroskey, J.C.2    Johnson, A.D.3
  • 47
    • 0035586625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cross-cultural comparison of instructor communication in American and German classrooms
    • Roach, K. D., & Byrne, P. R. (2001). A cross-cultural comparison of instructor communication in American and German classrooms. Communication Education, 50, 1-14.
    • (2001) Communication Education , vol.50 , pp. 1-14
    • Roach, K.D.1    Byrne, P.R.2
  • 48
    • 33645224077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cross-cultural comparison of instructor communication in American and French classrooms
    • Roach, K. D., Cornett-DeVito, M. M., & DeVito, R. (2005). A cross-cultural comparison of instructor communication in American and French classrooms. Communication Quarterly, 53, 87-107.
    • (2005) Communication Quarterly , vol.53 , pp. 87-107
    • Roach, K.D.1    Cornett-DeVito, M.M.2    DeVito, R.3
  • 50
    • 0033068216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Georg Simmel's concept of the stranger and intercultural communication research
    • Rogers, E. M. (1999). Georg Simmel's concept of the stranger and intercultural communication research. Communication Theory, 9, 58-74.
    • (1999) Communication Theory , vol.9 , pp. 58-74
    • Rogers, E.M.1
  • 52
    • 31844438880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Students' attributions of instructor credibility as a function of students' expectations of instructional technology use and nonverbal immediacy
    • Schrodt, P., & Witt, P. L. (2006). Students' attributions of instructor credibility as a function of students' expectations of instructional technology use and nonverbal immediacy. Communication Education, 55, 1-20.
    • (2006) Communication Education , vol.55 , pp. 1-20
    • Schrodt, P.1    Witt, P.L.2
  • 54
    • 30544436364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of teacher immediacy and perceived caring on teacher competence and trustworthiness
    • Teven, J. J., & Hanson, T. L. (2004). The impact of teacher immediacy and perceived caring on teacher competence and trustworthiness. Communication Quarterly, 52, 39-53.
    • (2004) Communication Quarterly , vol.52 , pp. 39-53
    • Teven, J.J.1    Hanson, T.L.2
  • 55
    • 0040833317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship of perceived teacher caring with student learning and teacher evaluation
    • Teven, J. J., & McCroskey, J. C. (1997). The relationship of perceived teacher caring with student learning and teacher evaluation. Communication Education, 46, 1-9.
    • (1997) Communication Education , vol.46 , pp. 1-9
    • Teven, J.J.1    McCroskey, J.C.2
  • 56
    • 85064795998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teacher nonimmediacy and misbehavior: Unintentional negative communication
    • 13
    • Thweatt, K. S., & McCroskey, J. C. (1996). Teacher nonimmediacy and misbehavior: Unintentional negative communication. Communication Research Reports, 13, 198-204.
    • (1996) Communication Research Reports , pp. 198-204
    • Thweatt, K.S.1    McCroskey, J.C.2
  • 57
    • 0032352171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of teacher immediacy and misbehaviors on teacher credibility
    • Thweatt, K. S., & McCroskey, J. C. (1998). The impact of teacher immediacy and misbehaviors on teacher credibility. Communication Education, 47, 348-358.
    • (1998) Communication Education , vol.47 , pp. 348-358
    • Thweatt, K.S.1    McCroskey, J.C.2
  • 58
    • 34247372858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Translating communication measures for use in non-English-speaking populations
    • 22
    • Villagran, M. M., & Lucke, J. F. (2005). Translating communication measures for use in non-English-speaking populations. Communication Research Reports, 22, 247-251.
    • (2005) Communication Research Reports , pp. 247-251
    • Villagran, M.M.1    Lucke, J.F.2
  • 60
    • 29444461577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immediacy, humor, power distance and classroom communication apprehension in Chinese college classrooms
    • Zhang, Q. (2005a). Immediacy, humor, power distance and classroom communication apprehension in Chinese college classrooms. Communication Quarterly, 53, 109-124.
    • (2005) Communication Quarterly , vol.53 , pp. 109-124
    • Zhang, Q.1
  • 61
    • 33745522185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teacher immediacy and classroom communication apprehension: A crosscultural investigation
    • Zhang, Q. (2005b). Teacher immediacy and classroom communication apprehension: A crosscultural investigation. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 34, 50-64.
    • (2005) Journal of Intercultural Communication Research , vol.34 , pp. 50-64
    • Zhang, Q.1
  • 62
    • 29544433191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immediacy and out-of-class communication: A cross-cultural comparison
    • Zhang, Q. (2006). Immediacy and out-of-class communication: A cross-cultural comparison. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 30, 33-50.
    • (2006) International Journal of Intercultural Relations , vol.30 , pp. 33-50
    • Zhang, Q.1
  • 63
    • 33645217455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constructing and validating a teacher immediacy scale: A Chinese perspective
    • Zhang, Q., & Oetzel, J. G. (2006a). Constructing and validating a teacher immediacy scale: A Chinese perspective. Communication Education, 55, 218-241.
    • (2006) Communication Education , vol.55 , pp. 218-241
    • Zhang, Q.1    Oetzel, J.G.2
  • 64
    • 33745531007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cross-cultural test of immediacy-learning models in Chinese classrooms
    • Zhang, Q., & Oetzel, J. G. (2006b). A cross-cultural test of immediacy-learning models in Chinese classrooms. Communication Education, 55, 313-330.
    • (2006) Communication Education , vol.55 , pp. 313-330
    • Zhang, Q.1    Oetzel, J.G.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.