메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 14, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 183-190

Magnetic resonance imaging measurement of iron overload

Author keywords

Heart; Iron overload; Liver; Magnetic resonance imaging; Thalassemia

Indexed keywords

DEFEROXAMINE; FERRITIN; IRON; IRON CHELATING AGENT;

EID: 34247159083     PISSN: 10656251     EISSN: 15317048     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MOH.0b013e3280d2b76b     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (214)

References (72)
  • 1
    • 0037217987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive measurement of iron: Report of an NIDDK workshop
    • Brittenham GM, Badman DG. Noninvasive measurement of iron: report of an NIDDK workshop. Blood 2003; 101:15-19.
    • (2003) Blood , vol.101 , pp. 15-19
    • Brittenham, G.M.1    Badman, D.G.2
  • 3
    • 0021000035 scopus 로고
    • Iron overload disorders: Natural history, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy
    • McLaren GD, Muir WA, Kellermeyer RW. Iron overload disorders: natural history, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 1983; 19:205-266.
    • (1983) Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci , vol.19 , pp. 205-266
    • McLaren, G.D.1    Muir, W.A.2    Kellermeyer, R.W.3
  • 4
    • 0018814356 scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal study of cardiac function in thalassemia major
    • Ehlers KH, Levin AR, Markenson AL, et al. Longitudinal study of cardiac function in thalassemia major. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1980; 344:397-404.
    • (1980) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.344 , pp. 397-404
    • Ehlers, K.H.1    Levin, A.R.2    Markenson, A.L.3
  • 5
    • 20844460608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival and complications in patients with thalassemia major treated with transfusion and deferoxamine
    • Borgna-Pignatti C, Rugolotto S, De Stefano P, et al. Survival and complications in patients with thalassemia major treated with transfusion and deferoxamine. Haematologica 2004; 89:1187-1193.
    • (2004) Haematologica , vol.89 , pp. 1187-1193
    • Borgna-Pignatti, C.1    Rugolotto, S.2    De Stefano, P.3
  • 6
    • 0019352109 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of liver iron content in 271 patients: A reevaluation of direct and indirect methods
    • Brissot P, Bourel M, Herry D, et al. Assessment of liver iron content in 271 patients: a reevaluation of direct and indirect methods. Gastroenterology 1981; 80:557-565.
    • (1981) Gastroenterology , vol.80 , pp. 557-565
    • Brissot, P.1    Bourel, M.2    Herry, D.3
  • 7
    • 0025106972 scopus 로고
    • Usefulness and limitations of laboratory and hepatic imaging studies in iron-storage disease
    • Bonkovsky HL, Slaker DP, Bills EB, Wolf DC. Usefulness and limitations of laboratory and hepatic imaging studies in iron-storage disease. Gastroenterology 1990; 99:1079-1091.
    • (1990) Gastroenterology , vol.99 , pp. 1079-1091
    • Bonkovsky, H.L.1    Slaker, D.P.2    Bills, E.B.3    Wolf, D.C.4
  • 8
    • 0025840397 scopus 로고
    • Methods for evaluating iron stores and efficacy of chelation in transfusional hemosiderosis
    • Borgna-Pignatti C, Castriota-Scanderbeg A. Methods for evaluating iron stores and efficacy of chelation in transfusional hemosiderosis. Haematologica 1991; 76:409-413.
    • (1991) Haematologica , vol.76 , pp. 409-413
    • Borgna-Pignatti, C.1    Castriota-Scanderbeg, A.2
  • 9
    • 0018866090 scopus 로고
    • Serum ferritin, liver iron stores, and liver histology in children with thalassaemia
    • de Virgiliis S, Sanna G, Cornacchia G, et al. Serum ferritin, liver iron stores, and liver histology in children with thalassaemia. Arch Dis Child 1980; 55:43-45.
    • (1980) Arch Dis Child , vol.55 , pp. 43-45
    • de Virgiliis, S.1    Sanna, G.2    Cornacchia, G.3
  • 10
    • 0027463317 scopus 로고
    • Hepatic iron stores and plasma ferritin concentration in patients with sickle cell anemia and thalassemia major
    • Brittenham GM, Cohen AR, McLaren CE, et al. Hepatic iron stores and plasma ferritin concentration in patients with sickle cell anemia and thalassemia major. Am J Hematol 1993; 42:81-85.
    • (1993) Am J Hematol , vol.42 , pp. 81-85
    • Brittenham, G.M.1    Cohen, A.R.2    McLaren, C.E.3
  • 11
    • 0035138526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progression of iron overload in sickle cell disease
    • Olivieri NF. Progression of iron overload in sickle cell disease. Semin Hematol 2001; 38:57-62.
    • (2001) Semin Hematol , vol.38 , pp. 57-62
    • Olivieri, N.F.1
  • 12
    • 0031001278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iron-chelating therapy and the treatment of thalassemia
    • Olivieri NF, Brittenham GM. Iron-chelating therapy and the treatment of thalassemia. Blood 1997; 89:739-761.
    • (1997) Blood , vol.89 , pp. 739-761
    • Olivieri, N.F.1    Brittenham, G.M.2
  • 13
    • 0034601375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic iron concentration and total body iron stores in thalassemia major
    • Angelucci E, Brittenham GM, McLaren CE, et al. Hepatic iron concentration and total body iron stores in thalassemia major. N Engl J Med 2000; 343:327-331.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.343 , pp. 327-331
    • Angelucci, E.1    Brittenham, G.M.2    McLaren, C.E.3
  • 14
    • 0028059813 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of deferoxamine in preventing complications of iron overload in patients with thalassemia major
    • Brittenham GM, Griffith PM, Nienhuis AW, et al. Efficacy of deferoxamine in preventing complications of iron overload in patients with thalassemia major. N Engl J Med 1994; 331:567-573.
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.331 , pp. 567-573
    • Brittenham, G.M.1    Griffith, P.M.2    Nienhuis, A.W.3
  • 15
    • 0033760134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic iron concentration combined with long-term monitoring of serum ferritin to predict complications of iron overload in thalassaemia major
    • Telfer PT, Prestcott E, Holden S, et al. Hepatic iron concentration combined with long-term monitoring of serum ferritin to predict complications of iron overload in thalassaemia major. Br J Haematol 2000; 110:971-977.
    • (2000) Br J Haematol , vol.110 , pp. 971-977
    • Telfer, P.T.1    Prestcott, E.2    Holden, S.3
  • 16
    • 0032913108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative study of the variability of hepatic iron concentrations
    • Emond MJ, Bronner MP, Carlson TH, et al. Quantitative study of the variability of hepatic iron concentrations. Clin Chem 1999; 45:340-346.
    • (1999) Clin Chem , vol.45 , pp. 340-346
    • Emond, M.J.1    Bronner, M.P.2    Carlson, T.H.3
  • 17
    • 0033871140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does iron concentration in a liver needle biopsy accurately reflect hepatic iron burden in beta-thalassemia?
    • Crisponi G, Ambu R, Cristiani F, et al. Does iron concentration in a liver needle biopsy accurately reflect hepatic iron burden in beta-thalassemia? Clin Chem 2000; 46:1185-1188.
    • (2000) Clin Chem , vol.46 , pp. 1185-1188
    • Crisponi, G.1    Ambu, R.2    Cristiani, F.3
  • 18
    • 11244296848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability in hepatic iron concentration in percutaneous needle biopsy specimens from patients with transfusional hemosiderosis
    • Butensky E, Fischer R, Hudes M, et al. Variability in hepatic iron concentration in percutaneous needle biopsy specimens from patients with transfusional hemosiderosis. Am J Clin Pathol 2005; 123:146-152.
    • (2005) Am J Clin Pathol , vol.123 , pp. 146-152
    • Butensky, E.1    Fischer, R.2    Hudes, M.3
  • 19
    • 0028951094 scopus 로고
    • Needle liver biopsy in thalassaemia: Analyses of diagnostic accuracy and safety in 1184 consecutive biopsies
    • Angelucci E, Baronciani D, Lucarelli G, et al. Needle liver biopsy in thalassaemia: analyses of diagnostic accuracy and safety in 1184 consecutive biopsies. Br J Haematol 1995; 89:757-761.
    • (1995) Br J Haematol , vol.89 , pp. 757-761
    • Angelucci, E.1    Baronciani, D.2    Lucarelli, G.3
  • 20
    • 0027043081 scopus 로고
    • Outcome of patients hospitalized for complications after outpatient liver biopsy
    • Janes CH, Lindor KD. Outcome of patients hospitalized for complications after outpatient liver biopsy. Ann Intern Med 1993; 118:96-98.
    • (1993) Ann Intern Med , vol.118 , pp. 96-98
    • Janes, C.H.1    Lindor, K.D.2
  • 21
    • 0028858058 scopus 로고
    • Uneven hepatic iron and phosphorus distribution in beta-thalassemia
    • Ambu R, Crisponi G, Sciot R, et al. Uneven hepatic iron and phosphorus distribution in beta-thalassemia. J Hepatol 1995; 23:544-549.
    • (1995) J Hepatol , vol.23 , pp. 544-549
    • Ambu, R.1    Crisponi, G.2    Sciot, R.3
  • 22
    • 0001265554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability in hepatic iron concentration measurement from needle-biopsy specimens
    • Villeneuve JP, Bilodeau M, Lepage R, et al. Variability in hepatic iron concentration measurement from needle-biopsy specimens. J Hepatol 1996; 25:172-177.
    • (1996) J Hepatol , vol.25 , pp. 172-177
    • Villeneuve, J.P.1    Bilodeau, M.2    Lepage, R.3
  • 23
    • 0033724403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using SQUID biomagnetic liver susceptometry in the treatment of thalassemia and other iron loading diseases
    • Nielsen P, Engelhardt R, Duerken M, et al. Using SQUID biomagnetic liver susceptometry in the treatment of thalassemia and other iron loading diseases. Transfus Sci 2000; 23:257-258.
    • (2000) Transfus Sci , vol.23 , pp. 257-258
    • Nielsen, P.1    Engelhardt, R.2    Duerken, M.3
  • 24
    • 0020465049 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic- susceptibility measurement of human iron stores
    • Brittenham GM, Farrell DE, Harris JW, et al. Magnetic- susceptibility measurement of human iron stores. N Engl J Med 1982; 307:1671-1675.
    • (1982) N Engl J Med , vol.307 , pp. 1671-1675
    • Brittenham, G.M.1    Farrell, D.E.2    Harris, J.W.3
  • 25
    • 0019915682 scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive quantitation of liver iron in dogs with hemochromatosis using dual-energy CT scanning
    • Goldberg HI, Cann CE, Moss AA, et al. Noninvasive quantitation of liver iron in dogs with hemochromatosis using dual-energy CT scanning. Invest Radiol 1982; 17:375-380.
    • (1982) Invest Radiol , vol.17 , pp. 375-380
    • Goldberg, H.I.1    Cann, C.E.2    Moss, A.A.3
  • 26
    • 0020699273 scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic efficacy of hepatic computed tomography in the detection of body iron overload
    • Howard JM, Ghent CN, Carey LS, et al. Diagnostic efficacy of hepatic computed tomography in the detection of body iron overload. Gastroenterology 1983; 84:209-215.
    • (1983) Gastroenterology , vol.84 , pp. 209-215
    • Howard, J.M.1    Ghent, C.N.2    Carey, L.S.3
  • 27
    • 0018903545 scopus 로고
    • Computed tomography for determining liver iron content in primary haemochromatosis
    • Chapman RW, Williams G, Bydder G, et al. Computed tomography for determining liver iron content in primary haemochromatosis. BMJ 1980; 280:440-442.
    • (1980) BMJ , vol.280 , pp. 440-442
    • Chapman, R.W.1    Williams, G.2    Bydder, G.3
  • 28
    • 23744459788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI R2 and R2* mapping accurately estimates hepatic iron concentration in transfusion-dependent thalassemia and sickle cell disease patients
    • Wood JC, Enriquez C, Ghugre N, et al. MRI R2 and R2* mapping accurately estimates hepatic iron concentration in transfusion-dependent thalassemia and sickle cell disease patients. Blood 2005; 106:1460-1465.
    • (2005) Blood , vol.106 , pp. 1460-1465
    • Wood, J.C.1    Enriquez, C.2    Ghugre, N.3
  • 29
    • 0842283228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive assessment of hepatic iron stores by MRI
    • Gandon Y, Olivie D, Guyader D, et al. Noninvasive assessment of hepatic iron stores by MRI. Lancet 2004; 363:357-362.
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , pp. 357-362
    • Gandon, Y.1    Olivie, D.2    Guyader, D.3
  • 30
    • 11244355277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive measurement and imaging of liver iron concentrations using proton magnetic resonance
    • St Pierre TG, Clark PR, Chua-anusorn W, et al. Noninvasive measurement and imaging of liver iron concentrations using proton magnetic resonance. Blood 2005; 105:855-861.
    • (2005) Blood , vol.105 , pp. 855-861
    • St Pierre, T.G.1    Clark, P.R.2    Chua-anusorn, W.3
  • 31
    • 0242365594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interscanner reproducibility of cardiovascular magnetic resonance T2* measurements of tissue iron in thalassemia
    • Westwood MA, Anderson LJ, Firmin DN, et al. Interscanner reproducibility of cardiovascular magnetic resonance T2* measurements of tissue iron in thalassemia. J Magn Reson Imaging 2003; 18:616-620.
    • (2003) J Magn Reson Imaging , vol.18 , pp. 616-620
    • Westwood, M.A.1    Anderson, L.J.2    Firmin, D.N.3
  • 32
    • 0037482887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A single breath-hold multiecho T2* cardiovascular magnetic resonance technique for diagnosis of myocardial iron overload
    • Westwood M, Anderson LJ, Firmin DN, et al. A single breath-hold multiecho T2* cardiovascular magnetic resonance technique for diagnosis of myocardial iron overload. J Magn Reson Imaging 2003; 18:33-39.
    • (2003) J Magn Reson Imaging , vol.18 , pp. 33-39
    • Westwood, M.1    Anderson, L.J.2    Firmin, D.N.3
  • 33
    • 33750030695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tanner MA, He T, Westwood MA, et al. Multicenter validation of the transferability of the magnetic resonance T2* technique for the quantification of tissue iron. Haematologica 2006; 91:1388-1391. Demonstrates the intercenter reproducibility of cardiac T2*.
    • Tanner MA, He T, Westwood MA, et al. Multicenter validation of the transferability of the magnetic resonance T2* technique for the quantification of tissue iron. Haematologica 2006; 91:1388-1391. Demonstrates the intercenter reproducibility of cardiac T2*.
  • 34
    • 18044399191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular T2-star (T2*) magnetic resonance for the early diagnosis of myocardial iron overload
    • Anderson LJ, Holden S, Davis B, et al. Cardiovascular T2-star (T2*) magnetic resonance for the early diagnosis of myocardial iron overload. Eur Heart J 2001; 22:2171-2179.
    • (2001) Eur Heart J , vol.22 , pp. 2171-2179
    • Anderson, L.J.1    Holden, S.2    Davis, B.3
  • 35
    • 1442307460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocardial iron loading in transfusiondependent thalassemia and sickle-cell disease
    • Wood JC, Tyszka JM, Ghugre N, et al. Myocardial iron loading in transfusiondependent thalassemia and sickle-cell disease. Blood 2004; 103:1934-1936.
    • (2004) Blood , vol.103 , pp. 1934-1936
    • Wood, J.C.1    Tyszka, J.M.2    Ghugre, N.3
  • 36
    • 29744455463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiology and pathophysiology of iron cardiomyopathy in thalassemia
    • Wood JC, Enriquez C, Ghugre N, et al. Physiology and pathophysiology of iron cardiomyopathy in thalassemia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2005; 1054:386-395.
    • (2005) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.1054 , pp. 386-395
    • Wood, J.C.1    Enriquez, C.2    Ghugre, N.3
  • 37
    • 1542376663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mimicking liver iron overload using liposomal ferritin preparations
    • Wood JC, Fassler J, Meade T. Mimicking liver iron overload using liposomal ferritin preparations. Mag Res Med 2004; 51:607-611.
    • (2004) Mag Res Med , vol.51 , pp. 607-611
    • Wood, J.C.1    Fassler, J.2    Meade, T.3
  • 38
    • 27644555993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of tissue-iron relaxivity: Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of human liver biopsy specimens
    • Ghugre NR, Coates TD, Nelson MD, Wood JC. Mechanisms of tissue-iron relaxivity: nuclear magnetic resonance studies of human liver biopsy specimens. Magn Reson Med 2005; 54:1185-1193.
    • (2005) Magn Reson Med , vol.54 , pp. 1185-1193
    • Ghugre, N.R.1    Coates, T.D.2    Nelson, M.D.3    Wood, J.C.4
  • 39
    • 0034000586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative mapping of transverse relaxivity (1/T(2)) in hepatic iron overload: A single spin-echo imaging methodology
    • Clark PR, St Pierre TG. Quantitative mapping of transverse relaxivity (1/T(2)) in hepatic iron overload: a single spin-echo imaging methodology. Magn Reson Imaging 2000; 18:431-438.
    • (2000) Magn Reson Imaging , vol.18 , pp. 431-438
    • Clark, P.R.1    St Pierre, T.G.2
  • 40
    • 0042808828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bi-exponential proton transverse relaxation rate (R2) image analysis using RF field intensity-weighted spin density projection: Potential for R2 measurement of iron-loaded liver
    • Clark PR, Chua-anusorn W, St Pierre TG. Bi-exponential proton transverse relaxation rate (R2) image analysis using RF field intensity-weighted spin density projection: potential for R2 measurement of iron-loaded liver. Magn Reson Imaging 2003; 21:519-530.
    • (2003) Magn Reson Imaging , vol.21 , pp. 519-530
    • Clark, P.R.1    Chua-anusorn, W.2    St Pierre, T.G.3
  • 41
    • 0037373412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton transverse relaxation rate (R2) images of iron-loaded liver tissue: Mapping local tissue iron concentrations with MRI
    • Clark PR, Chua-Anusorn W, St Pierre TG. Proton transverse relaxation rate (R2) images of iron-loaded liver tissue: mapping local tissue iron concentrations with MRI. Magn Reson Med 2003; 49:572-575.
    • (2003) Magn Reson Med , vol.49 , pp. 572-575
    • Clark, P.R.1    Chua-Anusorn, W.2    St Pierre, T.G.3
  • 42
    • 10744232246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of respiratory motion artifacts in transverse relaxation rate (R2) images of the liver
    • Clark PR, Chua-anusorn W, St Pierre TG. Reduction of respiratory motion artifacts in transverse relaxation rate (R2) images of the liver. Comput Med Imaging Graph 2004; 28:69-76.
    • (2004) Comput Med Imaging Graph , vol.28 , pp. 69-76
    • Clark, P.R.1    Chua-anusorn, W.2    St Pierre, T.G.3
  • 43
    • 0042307675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A magnetic resonance imaging based method for measurement of tissue iron concentration in liver arterially embolized with ferrimagnetic particles designed for magnetic hyperthermia treatment of tumors
    • Pardoe H, Clark PR, St Pierre TG, et al. A magnetic resonance imaging based method for measurement of tissue iron concentration in liver arterially embolized with ferrimagnetic particles designed for magnetic hyperthermia treatment of tumors. Magn Reson Imaging 2003; 21:483-488.
    • (2003) Magn Reson Imaging , vol.21 , pp. 483-488
    • Pardoe, H.1    Clark, P.R.2    St Pierre, T.G.3
  • 44
    • 31944446136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alexopoulou E, Stripeli F, Baras P, et al. R2 relaxometry with MRI for the quantification of tissue iron overload in beta-thalassemic patients. J Magn Reson Imaging 2006; 23:163-170. Liver biopsy validation of a multiecho R2 sequence in thalassemia patients.
    • Alexopoulou E, Stripeli F, Baras P, et al. R2 relaxometry with MRI for the quantification of tissue iron overload in beta-thalassemic patients. J Magn Reson Imaging 2006; 23:163-170. Liver biopsy validation of a multiecho R2 sequence in thalassemia patients.
  • 45
    • 4544301060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of iron overload in patients with beta thalassaemia and sickle cell disease
    • Voskaridou E, Douskou M, Terpos E, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of iron overload in patients with beta thalassaemia and sickle cell disease. Br J Haematol 2004; 126:736-742.
    • (2004) Br J Haematol , vol.126 , pp. 736-742
    • Voskaridou, E.1    Douskou, M.2    Terpos, E.3
  • 46
    • 20944435298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deferiprone as an oral iron chelator in sickle cell disease
    • Voskaridou E, Douskou M, Terpos E, et al. Deferiprone as an oral iron chelator in sickle cell disease. Ann Hematol 2005; 84:434-440.
    • (2005) Ann Hematol , vol.84 , pp. 434-440
    • Voskaridou, E.1    Douskou, M.2    Terpos, E.3
  • 47
    • 33847674429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R2* imaging of transfusional iron burden at 3T and comparison with 1.5T
    • in press
    • Storey P, Thompson A, et al. R2* imaging of transfusional iron burden at 3T and comparison with 1.5T. J Magn Reson Imaging (in press).
    • J Magn Reson Imaging
    • Storey, P.1    Thompson, A.2
  • 48
    • 0030911943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic hemosiderosis in nonhuman primates: Quantification of liver iron using different field strengths
    • Bulte JW, Miller GF, Vymazal J, et al. Hepatic hemosiderosis in nonhuman primates: quantification of liver iron using different field strengths. Magn Reson Med 1997; 37:530-536.
    • (1997) Magn Reson Med , vol.37 , pp. 530-536
    • Bulte, J.W.1    Miller, G.F.2    Vymazal, J.3
  • 49
    • 0141461407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-type Ca(2+) channels provide a major pathway for iron entry into cardiomyocytes in iron-overload cardiomyopathy
    • Oudit GY, Sun H, Trivieri MG, et al. L-type Ca(2+) channels provide a major pathway for iron entry into cardiomyocytes in iron-overload cardiomyopathy. Nat Med 2003; 9:1187-1194.
    • (2003) Nat Med , vol.9 , pp. 1187-1194
    • Oudit, G.Y.1    Sun, H.2    Trivieri, M.G.3
  • 50
    • 33646351076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of L-type Ca2+ channels in iron transport and iron-overload cardiomyopathy
    • Oudit GY, Trivieri MG, Khaper N, et al. Role of L-type Ca2+ channels in iron transport and iron-overload cardiomyopathy. J Mol Med 2006; 84:349-364.
    • (2006) J Mol Med , vol.84 , pp. 349-364
    • Oudit, G.Y.1    Trivieri, M.G.2    Khaper, N.3
  • 51
    • 7944230624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocardial iron clearance during reversal of siderotic cardiomyopathy with intravenous desferrioxamine: A prospective study using T2* cardiovascular magnetic resonance
    • Anderson LJ, Westwood MA, Holden S, et al. Myocardial iron clearance during reversal of siderotic cardiomyopathy with intravenous desferrioxamine: a prospective study using T2* cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Br J Haematol 2004; 127:348-355.
    • (2004) Br J Haematol , vol.127 , pp. 348-355
    • Anderson, L.J.1    Westwood, M.A.2    Holden, S.3
  • 52
    • 33745892383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tanner MA, Galanello R, Dessi C, et al. Myocardial iron loading in patients with thalassemia major on deferoxamine chelation. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2006; 8:543-547. Large, cross-sectional evaluation of the prevalence of left ventricular dysfunction as a function of cardiac T2*.
    • Tanner MA, Galanello R, Dessi C, et al. Myocardial iron loading in patients with thalassemia major on deferoxamine chelation. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2006; 8:543-547. Large, cross-sectional evaluation of the prevalence of left ventricular dysfunction as a function of cardiac T2*.
  • 53
    • 0028086414 scopus 로고
    • Survival inmedically treated patients with homozygous beta-thalassemia
    • Olivieri NF, Nathan DG, MacMillan JH, et al. Survival inmedically treated patients with homozygous beta-thalassemia. N Engl J Med 1994; 331:574-578.
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.331 , pp. 574-578
    • Olivieri, N.F.1    Nathan, D.G.2    MacMillan, J.H.3
  • 54
    • 31144434350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of thalassaemic iron overload cardiomyopathy despite low liver iron levels and meticulous compliance to desferrioxamine
    • Anderson LJ, Westwood MA, Prescott E, et al. Development of thalassaemic iron overload cardiomyopathy despite low liver iron levels and meticulous compliance to desferrioxamine. Acta Haematol 2006; 115:106-108.
    • (2006) Acta Haematol , vol.115 , pp. 106-108
    • Anderson, L.J.1    Westwood, M.A.2    Prescott, E.3
  • 55
    • 33745551087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low serum ferritin levels are misleading for detecting cardiac iron overload and increase the risk of cardiomyopathy in thalassemia patients: The importance of cardiac iron overload monitoring using magnetic resonance imaging T2 and T2*
    • Kolnagou A, Economides C, Eracleous E, Kontoghiorghes GJ. Low serum ferritin levels are misleading for detecting cardiac iron overload and increase the risk of cardiomyopathy in thalassemia patients: the importance of cardiac iron overload monitoring using magnetic resonance imaging T2 and T2*. Hemoglobin 2006; 30:219-227.
    • (2006) Hemoglobin , vol.30 , pp. 219-227
    • Kolnagou, A.1    Economides, C.2    Eracleous, E.3    Kontoghiorghes, G.J.4
  • 56
    • 0037431884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brittenham GM, Nathan DG, Olivieri NF, et al. Deferiprone versus desferrioxamine in thalassaemia, and T2* validation and utility. Lancet 2003; 361:183; author reply 183-184.
    • Brittenham GM, Nathan DG, Olivieri NF, et al. Deferiprone versus desferrioxamine in thalassaemia, and T2* validation and utility. Lancet 2003; 361:183; author reply 183-184.
  • 57
    • 0037431751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fischer R, Engelhardt R. Deferiprone versus desferrioxamine in thalassaemia, and T2* validation and utility. Lancet 2003; 361:182-183; author reply 183-184.
    • Fischer R, Engelhardt R. Deferiprone versus desferrioxamine in thalassaemia, and T2* validation and utility. Lancet 2003; 361:182-183; author reply 183-184.
  • 58
    • 0031659913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The form of iron oxide deposits in thalassemic tissues varies between different groups of patients: A comparison between Thai beta-thalassemia/hemoglobin E patients and Australian beta-thalassemia patients
    • St Pierre TG, Chua-anusorn W, Webb J, et al. The form of iron oxide deposits in thalassemic tissues varies between different groups of patients: a comparison between Thai beta-thalassemia/hemoglobin E patients and Australian beta-thalassemia patients. Biochim Biophys Acta 1998; 1407:51-60.
    • (1998) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1407 , pp. 51-60
    • St Pierre, T.G.1    Chua-anusorn, W.2    Webb, J.3
  • 59
    • 0019125924 scopus 로고
    • Cardiac involvement in secondary haemochromatosis: A catheter biopsy study and analysis of myocardium
    • Fitchett DH, Coltart DJ, Littler WA, et al. Cardiac involvement in secondary haemochromatosis: a catheter biopsy study and analysis of myocardium. Cardiovasc Res 1980; 14:719-724.
    • (1980) Cardiovasc Res , vol.14 , pp. 719-724
    • Fitchett, D.H.1    Coltart, D.J.2    Littler, W.A.3
  • 60
    • 0023481231 scopus 로고
    • Cardiac iron deposition in idiopathic hemochromatosis: Histologic and analytic assessment of 14 hearts from autopsy
    • Olson LJ, Edwards WD, McCall JT, et al. Cardiac iron deposition in idiopathic hemochromatosis: histologic and analytic assessment of 14 hearts from autopsy. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987; 10:1239-1243.
    • (1987) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.10 , pp. 1239-1243
    • Olson, L.J.1    Edwards, W.D.2    McCall, J.T.3
  • 61
    • 23044475721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac iron determines cardiac T2*, T2, and T1 in the gerbil model of iron cardiomyopathy
    • Wood JC, Otto-Duessel M, Aguilar M, et al. Cardiac iron determines cardiac T2*, T2, and T1 in the gerbil model of iron cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2005; 112:535-543.
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.112 , pp. 535-543
    • Wood, J.C.1    Otto-Duessel, M.2    Aguilar, M.3
  • 62
    • 13844256816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1/T2 and magnetic susceptibility measurements in a gerbil cardiac iron overload model
    • Wang ZJ, Lian L, Chen Q, et al. 1/T2 and magnetic susceptibility measurements in a gerbil cardiac iron overload model. Radiology 2005; 234:749-755.
    • (2005) Radiology , vol.234 , pp. 749-755
    • Wang, Z.J.1    Lian, L.2    Chen, Q.3
  • 63
    • 33748361588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghugre NR, Enriquez CM, Gonzalez I, et al. MRI detects myocardial iron in the human heart. Magn Reson Med 2006; 56:681-686. Chemical validation of T2 and T2* in human tissue.
    • Ghugre NR, Enriquez CM, Gonzalez I, et al. MRI detects myocardial iron in the human heart. Magn Reson Med 2006; 56:681-686. Chemical validation of T2 and T2* in human tissue.
  • 64
    • 29744456665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between myocardial iron deposition and left ventricular dysfunction in thalassemia using cardiovascular magnetic resonance
    • Westwood MA, Anderson LJ, Tanner MA, Pennell DJ. The relationship between myocardial iron deposition and left ventricular dysfunction in thalassemia using cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2005; 7:46-47.
    • (2005) J Cardiovasc Magn Reson , vol.7 , pp. 46-47
    • Westwood, M.A.1    Anderson, L.J.2    Tanner, M.A.3    Pennell, D.J.4
  • 65
    • 0033653754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T2 relaxation rate as an index of pituitary iron overload in patients with beta-thalassemia major
    • Argyropoulou MI, Metafratzi Z, Kiortsis DN, et al. T2 relaxation rate as an index of pituitary iron overload in patients with beta-thalassemia major. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000; 175:1567-1569.
    • (2000) AJR Am J Roentgenol , vol.175 , pp. 1567-1569
    • Argyropoulou, M.I.1    Metafratzi, Z.2    Kiortsis, D.N.3
  • 66
    • 0032470850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MR imaging technique for the diagnosis of pituitary iron overload in patients with transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia major
    • Sparacia G, Banco A, Midiri M, Iaia A. MR imaging technique for the diagnosis of pituitary iron overload in patients with transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia major. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1998; 19:1905-1907.
    • (1998) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.19 , pp. 1905-1907
    • Sparacia, G.1    Banco, A.2    Midiri, M.3    Iaia, A.4
  • 67
    • 0031299381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The measurement of R2, R2* and R2' in HIV-infected patients using the prime sequence as a measure of brain iron deposition
    • Miszkiel KA, Paley MN, Wilkinson ID, et al. The measurement of R2, R2* and R2' in HIV-infected patients using the prime sequence as a measure of brain iron deposition. Magn Reson Imaging 1997; 15:1113-1119.
    • (1997) Magn Reson Imaging , vol.15 , pp. 1113-1119
    • Miszkiel, K.A.1    Paley, M.N.2    Wilkinson, I.D.3
  • 68
    • 0033639207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain iron deposition in Parkinson's disease imaged using the PRIME magnetic resonance sequence
    • Graham JM, Paley MN, Grunewald RA, et al. Brain iron deposition in Parkinson's disease imaged using the PRIME magnetic resonance sequence. Brain 2000; 123 (Pt 12):2423-2431.
    • (2000) Brain , vol.123 , Issue.PART 12 , pp. 2423-2431
    • Graham, J.M.1    Paley, M.N.2    Grunewald, R.A.3
  • 69
    • 15644363196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of bone marrow iron by magnetic resonance imaging
    • Isokawa M, Kimura F, Matsuki T, et al. Evaluation of bone marrow iron by magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Hematol 1997; 74:269-274.
    • (1997) Ann Hematol , vol.74 , pp. 269-274
    • Isokawa, M.1    Kimura, F.2    Matsuki, T.3
  • 70
    • 31544477163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adrenal glands in beta-thalassemia major: Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features and correlation with iron stores
    • Drakonaki E, Papakonstantinou O, Maris T, et al. Adrenal glands in beta-thalassemia major: magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features and correlation with iron stores. Eur Radiol 2005; 15:2462-2468.
    • (2005) Eur Radiol , vol.15 , pp. 2462-2468
    • Drakonaki, E.1    Papakonstantinou, O.2    Maris, T.3
  • 71
    • 0842287261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance screening of iron status in transfusion-dependent beta-thalassaemia patients
    • Ooi GC, Khong PL, Chan GC, et al. Magnetic resonance screening of iron status in transfusion-dependent beta-thalassaemia patients. Br J Haematol 2004; 124:385-390.
    • (2004) Br J Haematol , vol.124 , pp. 385-390
    • Ooi, G.C.1    Khong, P.L.2    Chan, G.C.3
  • 72
    • 30744450021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghugre NR, Enriquez CM, Coates TD, et al. Improved R2* measurements in myocardial iron overload. J Magn Reson Imaging 2006; 23:9-16. Good description of several important T2* processing details.
    • Ghugre NR, Enriquez CM, Coates TD, et al. Improved R2* measurements in myocardial iron overload. J Magn Reson Imaging 2006; 23:9-16. Good description of several important T2* processing details.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.