Transplacental drug transfer and frequency of Tk and Hprt lymphocyte mutants and peripheral blood micronuclei in mice treated transplacentally with zidovudine and lamivudine

Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis

Volumn 48, Issue 3-4, 2007, Pages 258-269

  Von Tungeln, Linda S ^a   Williams, Lee D ^a   Doerge, Daniel R ^a   Shaddock, Joseph G ^a   McGarrity, Lynda J ^a   Morris, Suzanne M ^a   Mittelstaedt, Roberta A ^a   Heflich, Robert H ^a   Beland, Frederick A ^a  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR TOXICOLOGICAL RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

Hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase; Loss of heterozygosity; Metabolism; Pharmacokinetics; Thymidine kinase

Indexed keywords

DRUG METABOLITE; LAMIVUDINE; LAMIVUDINE PLUS ZIDOVUDINE; ZIDOVUDINE;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; C57BL 6 MOUSE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG MIXTURE; ERYTHROCYTE COUNT; FEMALE; FETUS; GENE FREQUENCY; GENOTOXICITY; GESTATION PERIOD; HETEROZYGOSITY LOSS; HPRT GENE; LYMPHOCYTE; MALE; MICRONUCLEUS; MOUSE; MUTATION RATE; NEWBORN; NONHUMAN; PERINATAL DRUG EXPOSURE; PLACENTAL TRANSFER; REPORTER GENE; RETICULOCYTE COUNT; TK GENE;

ANIMALS; ANIMALS, NEWBORN; ANTI-HIV AGENTS; FEMALE; HYPOXANTHINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE; LAMIVUDINE; LOSS OF HETEROZYGOSITY; LYMPHOCYTES; MALE; MATERNAL-FETAL EXCHANGE; MICE; MICE, INBRED STRAINS; MICRONUCLEI, CHROMOSOME-DEFECTIVE; MUTAGENS; POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE; PREGNANCY; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS; THYMIDINE KINASE; ZIDOVUDINE;

MUS;

EID: 34047228831     PISSN: 08936692     EISSN: 10982280     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/em.20237     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Adams WT, Skopek TR. 1987. Statistical test for the comparison of samples from mutational spectra. J Mol Biol 194:391-396.
2. Barret B, Tardieu M, Rustin P, Lacroix C, Chabrol B. Desguerre I, Dollfus C, Mayaux M-J, Blanche S, for the French Perinatal Cohort Study Group. 2003. Persistent mitochondrial dysfunction in HIV-1-exposed but uninfected infants: clinical screening in a large prospective cohort. AIDS 17:1769-1785.
3. Bialkowska A, Bialkowski K, Gerschenson M, Dewan BA, Jones AB, Olivero OA, Poirier MC, Anderson LM, Kasprzak KS, Sipowicz MA. 2000. Oxidative DNA damage in fetal tissues after transplacental exposure to 3′-azido- 3′-deoxythymidine (AZT). Carcinogenesis 21:1059-1062.
4. Cariello NF, Piegorsch WW, Adams WT, Skopek TR. 1994. Computer program for the analysis of mutational spectra: application to p53 mutations. Carcinogenesis 15:2281-2285.
5. Carr A, Cooper DA. 2000. Adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy. Lancet 356:1423-1430.
6. Chavanet P, Diquet B, Waldner A, Portier H. 1989. Perinatal pharmacokinetics of zidovudine. N Engl J Med 321:1548-1549.
7. Connor EM, Sperling RS, Gelber R, Kiselev P, Scott G, O'Sullivan MJ, VanDyke R, Bey M, Shearer W, Jacobson RL, Jimenez E, O'Neill E, Bazin B, Delfraissy J-F, Culnane M, Coombs R, Elkins M, Moye J, Stratton P, Balsley J, for the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 076 Study Group. 1994. Reduction of maternal-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with zidovudine treatment. N Engl J Med 331:1173-1180.
8. Cretton EM, Xie M-Y, Bevan RJ, Goudgaon NM, Schinazi RF, Sommadossi J-P. 1991. Catabolism of 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine in hepatocytes and liver microsomes, with evidence of formation of 3′-amino-3′- deoxythymidine, a highly toxic catabolite for human bone marrow cells. Mol Pharmacol 39:258-266.
9. Dertinger SD, Torous DK, Hall NE, Murante FG, Gleason SE, Miller RK, Tometsko CR. 2002. Enumeration of micronucleated CD71-positive human reticulocytes with a single-laser flow cytometer. Mutat Res 515:3-14.
10. Divi RL, Walker VE, Wade NA, Nagashima K, Seilkop SK, Adams ME, Nesel CJ, O'Neill JP, Abrams EJ, Poirier MC. 2004. Mitochondrial damage and DNA depletion in cord blood and umbilical cord from infants exposed in utero to Combivir. AIDS 18:1013-1021.
11. Dobrovolsky VN, Chen T, Heflich RH. 1999. Molecular analysis of in vivo mutations induced by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in the autosomal Tk and the X-linked Hprt genes of mouse lymphocytes. Environ Mol Mutagen 34:30-38.
12. Dobrovolsky VN, Shaddock JG, Bishop ME, Lee F-W, Lewis SM, Leaky JE, Dunnick JK, Aidoo A, Heflich RH. 2005. Effect of p53 haplodeficiency on micronucleus induction and Hprt mutant frequency in B6C3F1 mice treated perinatally with AZT and AZT/3TC. Mutat Res 577 (Suppl.1):e161.
13. Furman PA, Fyfe JA, St. Clair MH, Weinhold K, Rideout JL, Freeman GA, Nusinoff Lehrman S, Bolognesi DP, Broder S, Mitsuya H, Barry DW. 1986. Phosphorylation of 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine and selective interaction of the 5′-triphosphate with human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:8333-8337.
14. García de la Asuncion J, del Olmo ML, Sastre J, Millán A, Pellín A, Pallardó FV, Viña J. 1998. AZT treatment induces molecular and ultrastructural oxidative damage to muscle mitochondria. Prevention by antioxidant vitamins. J Clin Invest 102:4-9.
15. Garland M, Szeto HH, Daniel SS, Tropper PJ, Myers MM, Stark RI. 1996. Zidovudine kinetics in the pregnant baboon. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 11:117-127.
16. Garland M, Szeto HH, Daniel SS, Tropper PJ, Myers MM, Stark RI. 1998a. Placental transfer and fetal metabolism of zidovudine in the baboon. Pediatr Res 44:47-53.
17. Garland M, Szeto HH, Daniel SS, Tropper PJ, Myers MM, Stark RI. 1998b. Implications of the kinetics of zidovudine in the pregnant baboon following oral administration. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 19:433-440.
18. Hochberg Y. 1988. A sharper Bonferroni procedure for multiple tests of significance. Biometrika 75:800-802.
19. Hong H-HL, Dunnick J, Herbert R, Devereux TR, Kim Y, Sills RC. 2007. Genetic alterations in K-ras and p53 cancer genes in lung neoplasms from Swiss (CD-1) male mice exposed transplacentally to AZT. Environ Mol Mutagen 48:299-306.
20. IARC. 2000. Zidovudine (AZT). In IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Vol. 76: Some Antiviral and Antineoplastic Drugs, and Other Pharmaceutical Agents. Lyon: IARC Press, pp 73-127.
21. Knudson AG. 2002. Cancer genetics. Am J Med Genet 22:96-102.
22. Lewis W, Dalakas MC. 1995. Mitochondrial toxicity of antiviral drugs. Nat Med 1:417-422.
23. Lopez-Anaya A, Unadkat JD, Schumann LA, Smith AL. 1990. Pharmacokinetics of zidovudine (azidothymidine). II. Development of metabolic and renal clearance pathways in the neonate. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 3:1052-1058.
24. Meng Q, Skopek TR, Walker DM, Hurley-Leslie S, Chen T, Zimmer DM, Walker VE. 1998. Culture and propagation of Hprt mutant T-lymphocytes isolated from mouse spleen. Environ Mol Mutagen 32:236-243.
25. Meng Q, Su T, Olivero OA, Poirier MC, Shi X, Ding X, Walker VE. 200Oa. Relationships between DNA incorporation, mutant frequency, and loss of heterozygosity at the TK locus in human lymphoblastoid cells exposed to 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine. Toxicol Sci 54:322-329.
26. Meng Q, Grosovsky AJ, Shi X. Walker VE. 2000b. Mutagenicity and loss of heterozygosity at the APRT locus in human lymphoblastoid cells exposed to 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine. Mutagen 15:405-410.
27. -/- mice treated as neonates with 3′-azido-3′- deoxythymidine (AZT). Mutat Res 547:63-69.
28. Olivero OA, Anderson LM, Diwan BA, Haines DC, Harbaugh SW, Moskal TJ, Jones AB, Rice JM, Riggs CW, Logsdon D, Yuspa SH, Poirier MC. 1997. Transplacental effects of 3′-azido-2′,3′-dideoxythymidine (AZT): tumorigenicity in mice and genotoxicity in mice and monkeys. J Natl Cancer Inst 89:1602-1608.
29. Olivero OA, Shearer GM, Chougnet CA, Kovacs AAS, Landay AL, Baker R, Stek AM, Khoury MM, Proia LA, Kessler HA, Sha BE, Tarone RE, Poirier MC. 1999. Incorporation of zidovudine into leukocyte DNA from HIV-1-positive adults and pregnant women, and cord blood from infants exposed in utero. AIDS 13:919-925.
30. O'Neill JP, Gundel RM, Trombley LM, Walker VE. 2001. HPRT mutant frequency and mutation spectrum in newborns with perinatal exposure to antiviral drugs. Environ Mol Mutagen 37 (Suppl 32):58.
31. O'Sullivan MJ, Boyer PJJ, Scott GB, Parks WP, Weller S, Blum MR, Balsley J, Bryson YJ. Zidovudine Collaborative Working Group. 1993. The pharmacokinetics and safety of zidovudine in the third trimester of pregnancy for women infected with human immunodeficiency virus and their infants: Phase I Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Clinical Trials Group Study (Protocol 082). Am J Obstet Gynecol 168:1510-1516.
32. Patterson TA, Binienda ZK, Lipe GW, Gillam MP, Slikker W Jr, Sandberg JA. 1997. Transplacental pharmacokinetics and fetal distribution of azidothymidine, its glucuronide, and phosphorylated metabolites in late-term rhesus macaques after maternal infusion. Drug Metab Dispos 25:453-459.
33. PHS. 2005. Public Health Service task force recommendations for use of antiretroviral drugs in pregnant HIV-I-infected women for maternal health and interventions to reduce perinatal HIV-1 transmission in the United States, 24 February 2005, available at http://www.aidsinfo.nih.gov (accessed 14 March 2005).
34. Poirier MC, Divi RL, Al-Harthi L, Olivero OA, Nguyen V, Walker B, Landay AL. Walker VE, Charurat M, Blattner WA, for the Women and Infants Transmission Study (WITS) Group. 2003. Long-term mitochondrial toxicity in HIV-uninfected infants born to HIV-infected mothers. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 33:175-183.
35. Poirier MC, Olivero OA, Walker DM, Walker VE. 2004. Perinatal genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of anti-retroviral nucleoside analog drugs. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 199:151-161.
36. Ponomareva ON, Rose JA, Lasarev M, Rasey J, Turker MS. 2002. Tissue-specific deletion and discontinuous loss of heterozygosity are signatures for the mutagenic effects of ionizing radiation in solid tissues. Cancer Res 62:1518-1523.
37. Ritschel WA. 1976. Handbook of Basic Pharmacokinetics. Hamilton, IL: Drug Intelligence Publications.
38. Sperling RS, Shapiro DE, Coombs RW, Todd JA, Herman SA, McSherry GD, O'Sullivan MJ, Van Dyke RB, Jimenez E, Rouzioux C, Flynn PM, Sullivan JL, for the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 076 Study Group. 1996. Maternal viral load, zidovudine treatment, and the risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from mother to infant. N Engl J Med 335:1621-1629.
39. Sussman HE, Bauer MJ, Shi X, Judice SA, Albertini RJ, Walker VE. 2001. Transplacental mutagenicity of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea at the hprt locus in T-lymphocytes of exposed B6C3F1 mice. Environ Mol Mutagen 38:30-37.
40. Torous DK, Hall NE, Murante FG, Gleason SE, Tometsko CR, Dertinger SD. 2003. Comparative scoring of micronucleated reticulocytes in rat peripheral blood by flow cytometry and microscopy. Toxicol Sci 74:309-314.
41. Torous D, Asano N, Tometsko C, Sugunan S, Dertinger S, Morita T, Hayashi M. 2006. Performance of flow cytometric analysis for the micronucleus assay-a reconstruction model using serial dilutions of malaria-infected cells with normal mouse peripheral blood. Mutagen 21:11-13.
42. Turker MS, Gage BM, Rose JA, Elroy D, Ponomareva ON, Stambrook PJ, Tischfield JA. 1999. A novel signature mutation for oxidative damage resembles a mutational pattern found commonly in human cancers. Cancer Res 59:1837-1839.
43. UNAIDS. 2004. UNAIDS/World Health Organization. AIDS epidemic update. Geneva:World Health Organization, pp 1-18.
44. +/- mice treated neonatally with zidovudine and lamivudine. Carcinogenesis 23:1427-1432.
45. Von Tungeln LS, Dobrovolsky VN, Bishop ME, Shaddock JG, Heflich RH, Beland FA. 2004. Frequency of Tk and Hprt lymphocyte mutants and bone marrow micronuclei in mice treated neonatally with zidovudine and didanosine. Mutagen 19:307-311.
46. Williams LD, Von Tungeln LS, Beland FA, Doerge DR. 2003. Liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of the metabolism and disposition of the anti-retroviral nucleoside analogues zidovudine and lamivudine in C57BL/6N and B6C3F1 mice. J Chromatogr B 798:55-62.
47. Witt KL, Tice RR, Wolfe GW, Bishop JB. 2004. Genetic damage detected in CD-1 mouse pups exposed perinatally to 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine or dideoxyinosine via maternal dosing, nursing, and direct gavage. II. Effects of the individual agents compared to combination treatment. Environ Mol Mutagen 44:321-328.