Maternal viral load, zidovudine treatment, and the risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from mother to infant

New England Journal of Medicine

Volumn 335, Issue 22, 1996, Pages 1621-1629

  Sperling, Rhoda S ^a,m   Shapiro, David E ^b   Coombs, Robert W ^c   Todd, John A ^d   Herman, Steven A ^e   Mcsherry, George D ^f   O'Sullivan, Mary Jo ^g   Van Dyke, Russell B ^h   Jimenez, Eleanor ⁱ   Rouzioux, Christine ^j   Flynn, Patricia M ^k   Sullivan, John L ^l   Spector, Stephen A ⁿ   Diaz, Clemente ^o   Rooney, James ^p   Balsley, James ^q   Gelber, Richard D ^b   Connor, Edward M ^f  

^a MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d NOVARTIS PHARMA AG   (Switzerland)

^e HOFFMANN LA ROCHE INC   (United States)

^f RUTGERS NEW JERSEY MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^g UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI MILLER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^h TULANE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

ⁱ San Juan City Hospital   (Puerto Rico)

^j Agence Natl de Rech Sur le SIDA   (France)

^k ST JUDE CHILDREN S RESEARCH HOSPITAL   (United States)

^l UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^m MOUNT SINAI MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

ⁿ UCSD MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^o UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO   (Puerto Rico)

^p GLAXOSMITHKLINE   (United States)

^q NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PLACEBO; VIRUS RNA; ZIDOVUDINE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INFANT; INFECTION RISK; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; VIRUS TRANSMISSION;

ANTI-HIV AGENTS; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV-1; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; LOGISTIC MODELS; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS, INFECTIOUS; RNA, VIRAL; VIRAL LOAD; ZIDOVUDINE;

EID: 10544245018     PISSN: 00284793     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199611283352201     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Connor EM, Sperling RS, Gelber R, et al. Reduction of maternal-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with zidovudine treatment. N Engl J Med 1994;331:1173-80.
2. Recommendations of the U.S. Public Health Service Task Force on the use of zidovudine to reduce perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1994;43(RR-11):1-20.
3. Hollinger FB, Bremer JW, Myers LE, Gold JWM, McQuay L. Standardization of sensitive human immunodeficiency virus coculture procedures and establishment of a multicenter quality assurance program for the AIDS Clinical Trials Group. J Clin Microbiol 1992;30:1787-94.
4. Division of AIDS. ACTG virology manual for HIV laboratories. 3rd ed. Bethesda, Md.: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 1994. (NIH publication no. 94-3828.)
5. Fiscus SA, DeGruttola V, Gupta P, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 quantitative cell microculture as a measure of antiviral efficacy in a multicenter clinical trial. J Infect Dis 1995;171:305-11.
6. Todd J, Pachl C, White R, et al. Performance characteristic for the quantitation of plasma HIV-1 RNA using branched DNA signal amplification technology. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1995;10:Suppl 2:S35-S44.
7. Mulder J, McKinney N, Christopherson C, Sninsky J, Greenfield L, Kwok S. Rapid and simple PCR assay for quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in plasma: application to acute retroviral infection. J Clin Microbiol 1994;32:292-300.
8. Yen-Lieberman B, Brambilla D, Jackson B, et al. Evaluation of quality assurance program (QAP) for quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 plasma RNA by the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) virology laboratories. J Clin Microbiol (in press).
9. 1994 Revised classification system for human immunodeficiency virus infection in children less than 13 years of age. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1994;43(RR-12):1-10.
10. Zar JH. Biostatistical analysis. 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1984:113.
11. Mantel N, Haenszel W. Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease. J Natl Cancer Inst 1959;22:719-48.
12. Freedman LS, Graubard BI, Schatzkin A. Statistical validation of intermediate endpoints for chronic diseases. Stat Med 1992;11:167-78.
13. Boyer PJ, Dillon M, Navaie M, et al. Factors predictive of maternal-fetal transmission of HIV-1: preliminary analysis of zidovudine given during pregnancy and/or delivery. JAMA 1994;271:1925-30.
14. Frenkel LM, Wagner LE II, Demeter LM, et al. Effects of zidovudine use during pregnancy on resistance and vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Clin Infect Dis 1995;20:1321-6.
15. Fiscus SA, Adimora AA, Schoenbach VJ, et al. Perinatal HIV infection and the effect of zidovudine therapy on transmission in rural and urban counties. JAMA 1996;275:1483-8.
16. Dickover RE, Garratty EM, Herman SA, et al. Identification of levels of maternal HIV-1 RNA associated with risk of perinatal transmission: effect of maternal zidovudine treatment on viral load. JAMA 1996;275:599-605.
17. Fang G, Burger H, Grimson R, et al. Maternal plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA level: a determinant and projected threshold for mother-to-child transmission. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995;92: 12100-4.
18. Borkowsky W, Krasinski K, Cao Y, et al. Correlation of perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with maternal viremia and lymphocyte phenotypes. J Pediatr 1994;125:345-51.
19. Case-control study of HIV scroconversion in health-care workers after percutaneous exposure to HIV-infected blood - France, United Kingdom, and United States, January 1988-August 1994. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1995;44:929-33.
20. Holodniy M, Mole L, Yen-Lieberman B, et al. Comparative stabilities of quantitative human immunodeficiency virus RNA in plasma from samples collected in VACUTAINER CPT, VACUTAINER PPT, and standard VACUTAINER tubes. J Clin Microbiol 1995;33:1562-6.
21. Tsiatis AA, DeGruttola V, Wulfsohn MS. Modeling the relationship of survial to longitudinal data measured with error: applications to survival and CD4 counts in patients with AIDS. J Am Stat Assoc 1995;90:27-37.
22. Mayaux MJ, Blanche S, Rouzioux C, et al. Maternal factors associated with perinatal HIV-1 transmission: the French Cohort Study: 7 years of follow-up observation. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1995;8:188-94.
23. St Louis ME, Kamenga M, Brown C, et al. Risk for perinatal HIV-1 transmission according to maternal immunologic, virologic, and placental factors. JAMA 1993;269:2853-9.