Mcl-1, Bcl-XL and Stat3 expression are associated with progression of melanoma whereas Bcl-2, AP-2 and MITF levels decrease during progression of melanoma

Modern Pathology

Volumn 20, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 416-426

  Zhuang, Liqing ^a,b   Lee, C Soon ^a,b   Scolyer, Richard A ^a,b   McCarthy, Stanley W ^b   Zhang, Xu Dong ^c   Thompson, John F ^a,b   Hersey, Peter ^b,c  

^a University of Sydney   (Australia)

^b ROYAL PRINCE ALFRED HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^c NEWCASTLE MATER HOSPITAL   (Australia)

Author keywords

Apoptosis; Bcl 2 family proteins; Melanoma; Pathogenesis; Pathology; Transcription factor

Indexed keywords

ACTIVATING PROTEIN 2; MICROPHTHALMIA ASSOCIATED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; PROTEIN; PROTEIN BCL 2; PROTEIN BCL XL; PROTEIN MCL 1; STAT3 PROTEIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CANCER GROWTH; DOWN REGULATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; LYMPH NODE METASTASIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MELANOMA; METASTASIS; MITOSIS RATE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; UPREGULATION;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; BCL-X PROTEIN; DISEASE PROGRESSION; FEMALE; FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT; HUMANS; LYMPH NODES; LYMPHATIC METASTASIS; MALE; MELANOMA; MICROPHTHALMIA-ASSOCIATED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; MIDDLE AGED; NEOPLASM PROTEINS; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-BCL-2; SKIN NEOPLASMS; STAT3 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP-2; TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL;

EID: 33947598446     PISSN: 08933952     EISSN: 15300285     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800750     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Cory S, Adams JM. The Bcl2 family: regulators of the cellular life-or-death switch. Nat Rev Cancer 2002;2:647-656.
2. Cheng EH, Wei MC, Weiler S, et al. BCL-2, BCL-X(L) sequester BH3 domain-only molecules preventing BAX- and BAK-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis. Mol Cell 2001;8:705-711.
3. Wei MC, Zong WX, Cheng EH, et al. Proapoptotic BAX and BAK: a requisite gateway to mitochondrial dysfunction and death. Science 2001;292:727-730.
4. Letai A, Bassik MC, Walensky LD, et al. Distinct BH3 domains either sensitize or activate mitochondrial apoptosis, serving as prototype cancer therapeutics. Cancer Cell 2002;2:183-192.
5. Willis SN, Chen L, Dewson G, et al. Proapoptotic Bak is sequestered by Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL, but not Bcl-2, until displaced by BH3-only proteins. Genes Dev 2005;19:1294-1305.
6. Chen L, Willis SN, Wei A, et al. Differential targeting of prosurvival Bcl-2 proteins by their BH3-only ligands allows complementary apoptotic function. Mol Cell 2005;17:393-403.
7. Tsujimoto Y, Cossman J, Jaffe E, et al. Involvement of the bcl-2 gene in human follicular lymphoma. Science 1985;228:1440-1443.
8. Kozopas KM, Yang T, Buchan HL, et al. MCL1, a gene expressed in programmed myeloid cell differentiation, has sequence similarity to BCL2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993;90:3516-3520.
9. Krajewski S, Bodrug S, Krajewska M, et al. Immunohistochemical analysis of Mcl-1 protein in human tissues. Differential regulation of Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 protein production suggests a unique role for Mcl-1 in control of programmed cell death in vivo. Am J Pathol 1995;146:1309-1319.
10. Boise LH, Gonzalez-Garcia M, Postema CE, et al. bcl-x, a bcl-2-related gene that functions as a dominant regulator of apoptotic cell death. Cell 1993;74:597-608.
11. Nunez G, Merino R, Simonian PL, et al. Regulation of lymphoid apoptosis by Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. Adv Exp Med Biol 1996;406:75-82.
12. Olopade OI, Adeyanju MO, Safa AR, et al. Overexpression of BCL-x protein in primary breast cancer is associated with high tumor grade and nodal metastases. Cancer J Sci Am 1997;3:230-237.
13. Simoes-Wust AP, Olie RA, Gautschi O, et al. Bcl-xl antisense treatment induces apoptosis in breast carcinoma cells. Int J Cancer 2000;87:582-590.
14. Liu JR, Fletcher B, Page C, et al. Bcl-xL is expressed in ovarian carcinoma and modulates chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Gynecol Oncol 1998;70:398-403.
15. Lebedeva I, Rando R, Ojwang J, et al. Bcl-xL in prostate cancer cells: effects of overexpression and downregulation on chemosensitivity. Cancer Res 2000;60:6052-6060.
16. Luo D, Cheng SC, Xie H, et al. Effects of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL protein levels on chemoresistance of hepatoblastoma HepG2 cell line. Biochem Cell Biol 2000;78:119-126.
17. Leech SH, Olie RA, Gautschi O, et al. Induction of apoptosis in lung-cancer cells following bcl-xL antisense treatment. Int J Cancer 2000;86:570-576.
18. Dole MG, Jasty R, Cooper MJ, et al. Bcl-xL is expressed in neuroblastoma cells and modulates chemotherapyinduced apoptosis. Cancer Res 1995;55:2576-2582.
19. Leiter U, Schmid RM, Kaskel P, et al. Antiapoptotic bcl-2 and bcl-xL in advanced malignant melanoma. Arch Dermatol Res 2000;292:225-232.
20. Tang L, Tron VA, Reed JC, et al. Expression of apoptosis regulators in cutaneous malignant melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 1998;4:1865-1871.
21. Olie RA, Hafner C, Kuttel R, et al. Bcl-2 and bcl-xL antisense oligonucleotides induce apoptosis in melanoma cells of different clinical stages. J Invest Dermatol 2002;118:505-512.
22. Heere-Ress E, Thallinger C, Lucas T, et al. Bcl-X(L) is a chemoresistance factor in human melanoma cells that can be inhibited by antisense therapy. Int J Cancer 2002;99:29-34.
23. Li W, Sanki A, Karim R, et al. The role of cell cycle regulatory proteins in the pathogenesis and prognosis of melanoma. Pathology 2006;38:287-301.
24. Nishimura EK, Granter SR, Fisher DE. Mechanisms of hair graying: incomplete melanocyte stem cell maintenance in the niche. Science 2005;307:720-724.
25. Bouillet P, Cory S, Zhang LC, et al. Degenerative disorders caused by Bcl-2 deficiency prevented by loss of its BH3-only antagonist Bim. Dev Cell 2001;1:645-653.
26. Ramsay JA, From L, Kahn HJ. bcl-2 protein expression in melanocytic neoplasms of the skin. Mod Pathol 1995;8:150-154.
27. Saenz-Santamaria MC, Reed JA, McNutt NS, et al. Immunohistochemical expression of BCL-2 in melanomas and intradermal nevi. J Cutan Pathol 1994;21:393-397.
28. Collins KA, White WL. Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and bcl-2 are differentially expressed in early evolving malignant melanoma. Am J Dermatopathol 1995;17:429-438.
29. Cerroni L, Soyer HP, Kerl H. bcl-2 protein expression in cutaneous malignant melanoma and benign melanocytic nevi. Am J Dermatopathol 1995;17:7-11.
30. Shi S-R, Gu J, Taylor CR (eds). Antigen Retrieval Techniques: Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology. Eaton Publishing: Natrick, 2000, pp 311-320.
31. Krajewski S, Krajewska M, Shabaik A, et al. Immunohistochemical analysis of in vivo patterns of Bcl-X expression. Cancer Res 1994;54:5501-5507.
32. Horinaga M, Okita H, Nakashima J, et al. Clinical and pathologic significance of activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in prostate cancer. Urology 2005;66:671-675.
33. Tron VA, Krajewski S, Klein-Parker H, et al. Immunohistochemical analysis of Bcl-2 protein regulation in cutaneous melanoma. Am J Pathol 1995;146:643-650.
34. Divito KA, Berger AJ, Camp RL, et al. Automated quantitative analysis of tissue microarrays reveals an association between high Bcl-2 expression and improved outcome in melanoma. Cancer Res 2004;64:8773-8777.
35. Bedikian A, Millward M, Pehamberger H, et al, Group tOMS. Bcl-2 antisense (Oblimersen sodium) plus dacarbazine in patients with advanced melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:4738-4745.
36. McGill GG, Horstmann M, Widlund HR, et al. Bcl2 regulation by the melanocyte master regulator Mitf modulates lineage survival and melanoma cell viability. Cell 2002;109:707-718.
37. Janku F, Novotny J, Julis I, et al. KIT receptor is expressed in more than 50% of early-stage malignant melanoma: a retrospective study of 261 patients. Melanoma Res 2005;15:251-256.
38. Leslie MC, Bar-Eli M. Regulation of gene expression in melanoma: new approaches for treatment. J Cell Biochem 2005;94:25-38.
39. Karjalainen JM, Kellokoski JK, Eskelinen MJ, et al. Downregulation of transcription factor AP-2 predicts poor survival in stage I cutaneous malignant melanoma. J Clin Oncol 1998;16:3584-3591.
40. Berger AJ, Davis DW, Tellez C, et al. Automated quantitative analysis of activator protein-2alpha subcellular expression in melanoma tissue microarrays correlates with survival prediction. Cancer Res 2005;65:11185-11192.
41. Wuilleme-Toumi S, Robillard N, Gomez P, et al. Mcl-1 is overexpressed in multiple myeloma and associated with relapse and shorter survival. Leukemia 2005;19:1248-1252.
42. Song L, Coppola D, Livingston S, et al. Mcl-1 regulates survival and sensitivity to diverse apoptotic stimuli in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2005;4:267-276.
43. Sano M, Nakanishi Y, Yagasaki H, et al. Overexpression of anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 in testicular germ cell tumors. Histopathology 2005;46:532-539.
44. O'Driscoll L, Cronin D, Kennedy SM, et al. Expression and prognostic relevance of Mcl-1 in breast cancer. Anticancer Res 2004;24:473-482.
45. Thallinger C, Wolschek MF, Wacheck V, et al. Mcl-1 antisense therapy chemosensitizes human melanoma in a SCID mouse xenotransplantation model. J Invest Dermatol 2003;120:1081-1086.
46. Selzer E, Thallinger C, Hoeller C, et al. Betulinic acidinduced Mcl-1 expression in human melanoma-mode of action and functional significance. Mol Med 2002;8:877-884.
47. Niu G, Bowman T, Huang M, et al. Roles of activated Src and Stat3 signaling in melanoma tumor cell growth. Oncogene 2002;21:7001-7010.
48. Jing N, Tweardy DJ. Targeting Stat3 in cancer therapy. Anticancer Drugs 2005;16:601-607.
49. Yu C, Bruzek LM, Meng XW, et al. The role of Mcl-1 downregulation in the proapoptotic activity of the multikinase inhibitor BAY 43-9006. Oncogene 2005;24:6861-6869.
50. Zhong Q, Gao W, Du F, et al. Mule/ARF-BP1, a BH3-only E3 ubiquitin ligase, catalyzes the polyubiquitination of Mcl-1 and regulates apoptosis. Cell 2005;121:1085-1095.
51. Grillot DA, Gonzalez-Garcia M, Ekhterae D, et al. Genomic organization, promoter region analysis, and chromosome localization of the mouse bcl-x gene. J Immunol 1997;158:4750-4757.
52. Amiri KI, Richmond A. Role of nuclear factor-kappa B in melanoma. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2005;24:301-313.