Genomic Organization, Promoter Region Analysis, and Chromosome Localization of the Mouse bcl-x Gene

Journal of Immunology

Volumn 158, Issue 10, 1997, Pages 4750-4757

  Grillot, Didier A M ^a   González García, Maribel ^a   Ekhterae, Daryoush ^a   Duan, Linda ^a   Inohara, Naohiro ^a,b   Ohta, Shigeo ^b   Seldin, Michael F ^c   Núñez, Gabriel ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^b NIPPON MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Japan)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BCL2L1 PROTEIN, HUMAN; BCL2L1 PROTEIN, MOUSE; MESSENGER RNA; ONCOPROTEIN; PROTEIN BCL 2; PROTEIN BCL X;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; CHROMOSOME MAP; COMPARATIVE STUDY; GENE; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; GENETICS; HUMAN; MOLECULAR GENETICS; MOUSE; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PROMOTER REGION; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY;

ANIMALS; BASE SEQUENCE; BCL-X PROTEIN; CHROMOSOME MAPPING; GENES; HUMANS; MICE; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; PROMOTER REGIONS (GENETICS); PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-BCL-2; RNA, MESSENGER; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY, NUCLEIC ACID; TRANSCRIPTION, GENETIC;

EID: 0031569972     PISSN: 00221767     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Ellis, R. E., J. Y. Yuan, and H. R. Horvitz. 1991. Mechanisms and functions of cell death. Annu. Rev. Cell Biol. 7:663.
2. Núñez, G., R. Merino, D. Grillot, and M. González García. 1994. Bcl-2 and Bcl-x: regulatory switches for lymphoid death and survival. Immunol. Today 15:582.
3. Rothstein, T. L. 1996. Signals and susceptibility to programmed death in B cells. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 8:362.
4. Sytwu, H. K., R. S. Liblau, and H. O. McDevitt. 1996. The roles of Fas/APO-1 (CD95) and TNF in antigen-induced programmed cell death in T cell receptor transgenic mice. Immunity 5:17.
5. Vaux, D. L., S. Cory, and J. M. Adams. 1988. Bcl-2 gene promotes haemopoietic cell survival and cooperates with c-myc to immortalize pre-B cells. Nature 335: 440.
6. Núñez, G., L. London, D. Hockenbery, M. Alexander, J. P. McKearn, and S. J. Korsmeyer. 1990. Deregulated Bcl-2 gene expression selectively prolongs survival of growth factor-deprived hemopoietic cell lines. J. Immunol. 144:3602.
7. Katsumata, M., R. M. Siegel, D. C. Louie, T. Miyashita, Y. Tsujimoto, P. C. Nowell, M. I. Greene, and J. C. Reed. 1992. Differential effects of Bcl-2 on T and B cells in transgenic mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:11376.
8. White, E. 1996. Life, death, and the pursuit of apoptosis. Genes Dev. 10:1.
9. Steller, H. 1995. Mechanisms and genes of cellular suicide. Science 267:1445.
10. Sentman, C. L., J. R. Shutter, D. Hockenbery, O. Kanagawa, and S. J. Korsmeyer. 1991. bcl-2 inhibits multiple forms of apoptosis but not negative selection in thymocytes. Cell 67:879.
11. Strasser, A., A. W. Harris, and S. Cory. 1991. bcl-2 transgene inhibits T cell death and perturbs thymic self-censorship. Cell 67:889.
12. Veis, D. J., C. M. Sorenson, J. R. Shutter, and S. J. Korsmeyer. 1993. Bcl-2-deficient mice demonstrate fulminant lymphoid apoptosis, polycystic kidneys, and hypopigmented hair. Cell 75:229.
13. Nakayama, K., K. Nakayama, I. Negishi, K. Kuida, Y. Shinkai, M. C. Louie, L. E. Fields, P. J. Lucas, V. Stewart, F. W. Alt, and D. Loh. 1993. Disappearance of the lymphoid system in Bcl-2 homozygous mutant chimeric mice. Science 261:1584.
14. Boise, L. H., M. González-García, C. E. Postema, L. Ding, T. Lindsten, L. A. Turka, X. Mao, G. Núñez, and C. B. Thompson. 1993. bcl-x, a bcl-2-related gene that functions as a dominant regulator of apoptotic cell death. Cell 74:597.
15. L is the major bcl-x mRNA form expressed during mouse development and its product localizes to mitochondria. Development 120:3033.
16. Fang, W., J. J. Rivard, D. L. Mueller, and T. W. Behrens. 1994. Cloning and molecular characterization of mouse bcl-x in B and T lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 153:4388.
17. Shiraiwa, N., N. Inihara, S. Okada, M. Yuzaki, S. Shoji, and S. Ohta. 1996. An additional form of rat Bcl-x, Bcl-xβ, generated by an unspliced RNA, promotes apoptosis in promyeloid cells. J. Biol. Chem. 271:13258.
18. Rouayrene, J. F., L. H. Boise, C. B. Thompson, A. Privat, and G. Patey. 1995. Presence of the long and the short forms of Bcl-X in several human and mouse tissues. C. R. Acad. Sci. III 318:537.
19. L displays restricted distribution during T cell development and inhibits multiple forms of apoptosis but not clonal deletion in transgenic mice. J. Exp. Med. 182:1973.
20. Minn, A. J., L. H. Boise, and C. B. Thompson. 1996. Bcl-x(S) antagonizes the protective effects of Bcl-x(L). J. Biol. Chem. 271:6306.
21. Grillot, D. A., R. Merino, J. C. Pena, W. C. Fanslow, F. D. Finkelman, C. B. Thompson, and G. Núñez. 1996. Bcl-x exhibits regulated expression during B cell development and activation and modulates lymphocyte survival in transgenic mice. J. Exp. Med. 183:381.
22. Ma, A., J. C. Pena, B. Chang, E. Margosian, L. Davidson, F. W. Alt, and C. B. Thompson. 1995. Bcl-x regulates the survival of double-positive thymocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:4763.
23. Tuscano, J. M., K. M. Druey, A. Riva, J. Pena, C. B. Thompson, and J. H. Kehrl. 1996. Bcl-x rather than Bcl-2 mediates CD40-dependent centrocyte survival in the germinal center. Blood 88:1319.
24. Broome, H. E., C. M. Dargan, S. Krajewski, and J. C. Reed. 1995. Expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-x, and Bax after T cell activation and IL-2 withdrawal. J. Immunol. 155:2311.
25. Motoyama, N., F. Wang, K. A. Roth, H. Sawa, K. Nakayama, K. Nakayama, I. Negishi, S. Senju, Q. Zhang, S. Fujii, and D. Loh. 1995. Massive cell death of immature hematopoietic cells and neurons in Bcl-x-deficient mice. Science 267: 1506.
26. Seldin, M. F., H. C. Morse, J. P. Reeves, C. L. Scribner, R. C. LeBoeuf, and A. D. Steinberg. 1988. Genetic analysis of autoimmune gld mice. I. Identification of a restriction fragment length polymorphism closely linked to the gld mutation within a conserved linkage group. J. Exp. Med. 167:688.
27. Maniatis, T., E. F. Fritsch, and J. Sambrook. 1982. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor.
28. Dittman, W. A., T. Kumada, J. E. Sadler, and P. W. Majerus. 1988. The structure and function of mouse thrombomodulin. J. Biol. Chem. 263:15815.
29. Green, E. L. 1981. Linkage, recombination and mapping. Genetics and Probability in Animal Breeding Experiments, E. Green, ed. Macmillan, New York, p. 77-87.
30. Bishop, D. T. 1985. The information content of phase-known matings for ordering genetic loci. Genet. Epidemiol. 2:349.
31. Sanger, F., S. Nicklen, and A. R. Coulson. 1977. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74:5463.
32. Kingsmore, S. F., C. K. Lo, J. Hwang, C. F. Hui, and M. F. Seldin. 1994. Genetic mapping of DNA topoisomerase I-related sequences to mouse chromosomes 2 and 14. Mamm. Genome 5:247.
33. Siracusa, L. D., J. L. Morgan, J. K. Fisher, C. M. Abbott, and J. Peters. 1996. Encyclopedia of the mouse genome V. Mouse chromosome 2. Mamm. Genome 6:S51.
34. Debry, R. W., and M. F. Seldin. 1996. Human/mouse homology relationships. Genomics 33:337.
35. L. Blood 87:3837.
36. Negrini, M., E. Silini, C. Kozak, Y. Tsujimoto, and C. M. Croce. 1987. Molecular analysis of mbcl-2: structure and expression of the mouse gene homologous to the human gene involved in follicular lymphoma. Cell 49:455.
37. Seto, M., U. Jaeger, R. D. Hockett, W. Graninger, S. Bennett, P. Goldman, and S. J. Korsmeyer. 1988. Alternative promoters and exons, somatic mutation and deregulation of the Bcl-2-Ig fusion gene in lymphoma. EMBO J. 7:123.
38. Smale, S. T., and D. Baltimore. 1992. The initiator as a transcription control element. Cell 57:103.
39. Weiss, M. J., and S. H. Orkin. 1995. Transcription factor GATA-1 permits survival and maturation of erythroid precursors by preventing apoptosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:9623.
40. Dalyot, N., E. Fibach, A. Ronchi, E. A. Rachmilewitz, S. Ottolenghi, and A. Oppenheim. 1993. Erythropoietin triggers a burst of GATA-1 in normal human erythroid cells differentiating in tissue culture. Nucleic Adds Res. 21:4031.
41. L and Bcl-2. Blood 88:1576.
42. Muthusamy, N., K. Barton, and J. M. Leiden. 1995. Defective activation and survival of T cells lacking the Ets-1 transcription factor. Nature 377:639.
43. Bories, J. C., D. M. Willerford, D. Grevin, L. Davidson, A. Camus, P. Martin, D. Stehelin, F. W. Alt, and J. C. Borles. 1995. Increased T-cell apoptosis and terminal B-cell differentiation induced by inactivation of the Ets-1 proto-oncogene. Nature 377:635.
44. Chen, H. M., and L. M. Boxer. 1995. Pi 1 binding sites are negative regulators of bcl-2 expression in pre-B cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:3840.