Multiple sclerosis and neurochemical disturbances

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences

Volumn 23, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 145-149

  Markelov, Vladimir V ^a   Trushin, Maxim V ^b  

^a Kazan Rehabilitation Medical Health Center Sanatorium Krutushka   (Russian Federation)

^b KAZAN INSTITUTE OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS   (Russian Federation)

Author keywords

Immunomodulation; Multiple sclerosis; Neurotransmitters; Tryptophan

Indexed keywords

5 HYDROXYTRYPTOPHAN; GLUCOCORTICOID; NEUROTRANSMITTER; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR;

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; FIBROMYALGIA; HEADACHE; HUMAN; IMMUNE STATUS; IMMUNOMODULATION; INSOMNIA; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NEUROTRANSMISSION; REVIEW;

EID: 33947272131     PISSN: 1682024X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (60)

1. Johnson RT. The virology of demyelinating diseases. Ann Neurol 1994;36 (Suppl): S54-60
2. Soldan SS, Jacobson S. Role of viruses in etiology and pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Adv Virus Res 2001;56:517-55.
3. Sibley WA, Bamford CR, Clark K. Clinical viral infections & multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1985;1:1313-15.
4. Goverman J, Woods A, Larson L, Weiner LP, Hood L, Zaller DM. Transgenic mice that express a myelin basic protein-specific T cell receptor develop spontaneous autoimmunity. Cell 1993;72:551-60.
5. Challoner PB, Smith KT, Parker JD, MacLeod DL, Coulter SN, Plaque-associated expression of human herpesvirus 6 in multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995;92:7440-4.
6. Moore FG, Wolfson C. Human herpes virus 6 and multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 2002;106:63-83.
7. Soldan SS, Leist TP, Juhng KN, Mc-Farland HF, Jacobson S. Increased lymphoproliferative response to human herpesvirus type 6A variant in multiple sclerosis patients. Ann Neurol 2000;47:306-13.
8. Wandinger KP, Jabs W, Siekhaus A, Bubel S, Trillenberg P. Association between clinical disease activity and Epstein-Barr virus reactivation in MS. Neurology 2000;55:178-84.
9. Martyn CN, Cruddas M, Compston DA. Symptomatic Epstein-Barr virus infection and multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 1993; Neurosurg Psychiatry 56:167-8.
10. Sriram S, Mitchell W, Stratton C. Multiple sclerosis associated with Chlamydia pneumoniae infection of the CNS. Neurology 1998;50:571-2.
11. Sriram S, Stratton CW, Yao S, Tharp A, Ding L. Chlamydia pneumoniae infection of the central nervous system in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1999;46:6-14.
12. Maida E. Immunological reactions against Mycoplasma pneumoniae in multiple sclerosis: preliminary findings. J Neurol 1983;229:103-11.
13. Dyment DA, Ebers GC, Sadovnick AD. Genetics of multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol 2004;3:104-10.
14. Haines JL, Bradford Y, Garcia ME, Reed AD, Neumeister E. Multiple susceptibility loci for multiple sclerosis. Hum Mol Genet 2002;11:2251-6.
15. Lechin F, van der Dijs B, Lechin ME. Neurocircuitry and Neuroautonomic Disorders: Reviews and Therapeutic Strategies. Basel, Karger 2002.
16. Trapp BD, Ransohoff R, Rudick R. Axonal pathology in multiple sclerosis: relationship to neurologic disability. Curr Opin Neurol 1999;12:295-302.
17. Haymaker W. Bing's local diagnosis in neurological diseases. Saint Louis. The C.V. Mosby Company, 1969.
18. Sandyk R. Demyelination as an epiphenomenon in multiple sclerosis. Int J Neurosci 1993;72:141-8.
19. Russel DS. Trauma and multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1964;1:978.
20. Ghatak NR, Hirano A, Lijtmaer H, Zimmerman HM. Asymptomatic demyelinated plaque in the spinal cord. Arch Neurol 1974;30:484-6.
21. Phadke JG, Best PV. A typical and clinically silent multiple sclerosis: a report of 12 cases discovered unexpectedly at necropsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1983;46:414-20.
22. Lynch SG, Rose JW, Smoker W, Petajan JH. MRI in familial multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1990;40:900-3.
23. Davidson D, Pullar IA, Mawdsley C, Kinloch N, Yates CM. Monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1977;40:741-5.
24. Johansson B, Ross BE. 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid in CSF of patients with neurological disease. Eur Neurol 1977;11:37-45.
25. Sonnien V, Riekkinen P, Rinne UK. Acid monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1973;23:760-3.
26. Lechin F, van der Dijs B. Neuropharmacological therapy of carcinoid syndrome. Neuroendocrinology 2005;81:137-8.
27. Lechin F, van der Dijs B, Orozco B, Hernandez-Adrian G, Rodriguez S, Baez S. Similar autonomic nervous system disorders underlying cystic fibrosis and pancreatic cysts allowed common neuropharmacological therapy: Report of four cases. J Appl Res 2005;5:299-304.
28. Lechin F, van der Dijs B, Orozco B, Rodriguez S, Baez S. Neuropharmacological therapy of polycythemia vera: roles of circulating catecholamines and serotonin. Thromb Hemost 2005;93:175-7.
29. Lechin F, van der Dijs B, Lechin AE. Treatment of bronchial asthma with tianeptine. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 2004;26:697-701.
30. Lechin F, van der Dijs B, Orozco B, Jahn E, Rodriguez S, Baez S. Neuropharmacological treatment of refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: roles of circulating catecholamines and serotonin. Thromb Haemost 2004;91:1254-6.
31. Blalock JE. The syntax of immune-neuroendocrine communication. Immunol Today 1994;15:504-11.
32. Savino W, Arzt E, Dardenne M. Immunoneuroendocrine connectivity: the paradigm of the thymus-hypothalamus-pituitary axis. Neuroimmunomodulation 1999;6:126-36.
33. Schiepers OJG, Wichers MC, Maes M. Cytokines and major depression. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2005;29:201-17.
34. Maes M, Verkerk R, Bonaccorso S, Ombelet W, Bosmans E, Scharpe S. Depressive and anxiety symptoms in the early puerperium are related to increased degradation of tryptophan into kynurenine, a phenomenon which is related to immune activation. Life Sci 2002;71:1837-48.
35. Wichers M, Maes M. The role of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) in the pathophysiology of interferon-alpha-induced depression. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2004;29:11-17.
36. Mangoni A. The kynurenine shunt and depression. Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol 1974;11:293-8.
37. Hendriks JJA, Teunissen CE, de Vries HE, Dijkstra CD. Macrophages and neurodegeneration Brain Res Rev 2005;48:185-95.
38. Turner EH, Blackwell AD. 5-Hydroxytryptophan plus SSRIs for interferon-induced depression: synergistic mechanisms for normalizing synaptic serotonin. Med Hypoth 2005;65:138-44.
39. Birdsall TC. 5-Hydroxytryptophan: a clinically-effective serotonin precursor. Altern Med Rev 1998;3:271-80.
40. Turner EH, Loftis JM, Blackwell AD. Serotonin a la carte: Supplementation with the serotonin precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan. Pharmacol Ther 2005;109:325-38.
41. Salter M, Pogson CI. The role of tryptophan 2, 3-dioxygenase in the hormonal control of tryptophan metabolism in isolated rat liver cells. Effects of glucocorticoids and experimental diabetes. Biochem J 1985;29:499-504.
42. Kubera M, Lin A, Kenis G, Bosmans E, van Bockstaele D, Maes M. Anti-inflammatory effects of antidepressants through suppression of the interferon-gamma/interleukin-10 production ratio. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2001;21:199-206.
43. Maes M. The immunoregulatory effects of antidepressants. Hum Psychopharmacol 2001;16:95-103.
44. Maes M, Song C, Lin A-H, Bonaccorso S, Kenis G. Negative immunoregulatory effects of anti depressants: inhibition of interferon-gamma and stimulation of interleukin-10 secretion. Neuropsychopharmacology 1999;20:370-9.
45. Kubera M, Kenis G, Bosmans E, Scharpe S, Maes M. Effects of serotonin and serotonergic agonists and antagonists on the production of interferon-gamma and interleukin-10. Neuropsychopharmacology 2000;23:89-98.
46. Katsikis PD, Cohen SB, Londei M, Feldman M. Are CD4+ Th1 cells pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory? The ratio of IL-10 to INF-gamma or IL-2 determines their function. Int Immunol 1995;7:1287-94.
47. Carrieri PB, Provitera V, De Rosa T, Tartaglia G, Gorga F, Perrella O. Profile of cerebrospinal fluid and serum cytokines in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a correlation with clinical of IRS activation, such as T cell activation (increased activity. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 1998;20:373-82.
48. Hautecoeur P, Forzy G, Gallois P, Demirbilek V, Feugas O. Variations of IL2, IL6, TNF alpha plasmatic levels in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Belg 1997;97:240-3.
49. Mikova O, Yakimova R, Bosmans E, Kenis G, Maes M. Increased serum tumor necrosis factor alpha concentrations in major depression and multiple sclerosis. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2001;11:203-8.
50. Hyyppa MT, Jolma T, Riekkinen P, Rinne UK. Effects of L-tryptophan on central indoleamine metabolism and short-lasting neurologic disturbances in multiple sclerosis. J Neural Transm 1975;37:297-304.
51. Joffe RT. Depression and multiple sclerosis: a potential way to understand the biology of major depressive illness J Psychiatry Neurosci 2005;30:9-10.
52. Mohr DC, Goodkin DE, Islar J, Hauser BSL, Genain CP. Treatment of depression is associated with suppression of nonspecific and antigen-specific Th1 responses in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2001;58:1081-6.
53. Mohr DC, Hart SL, Golberg A. Effects of treatment for depression on fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Psychosom Med 2003;65:542-7.
54. Jung AC, Staiger T, Sullivan M. The efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for the management of chronic pain. J Gen Intern Med 199712:384-9.
55. Duman EN, Kesim M, Kadioglu M, Yaris E, Kalyoncu NI, Erciyes N. Possible involvement of opioidergic and serotonergic mechanisms in antinociceptive effect of paroxetine in acute pain. J Pharmacol Sci 2004;94:161-5.
56. Sandyk R. Serotonergic neuronal atrophy with synaptic inactivation, not axonal degeneration, are the main hallmarks of multiple sclerosis. Int J Neurosci 1998;95:133-40.
57. Sandyk R. Tryptophan availability and the susceptibility to stress in multiple sclerosis: a hypothesis. Int J Neurosci 1996;86:47-53.
58. Sandyk R. Progressive cognitive improvement in multiple sclerosis from treatment with electromagnetic fields. Int J Neurosci 1997;89:29-38.
59. Sandyk R. Successful treatment of multiple sclerosis with magnetic fields. Int J Neurosci 1992;66:237-50.
60. Sandyk R. Rapid normalization of visual evoked potential by picotesla range magnetic fields in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. Int J Neurosci 1993;77:243-59.