메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 39, Issue 10, 2006, Pages 1281-1290

The role of adrenergic receptor polymorphisms in heart failure

Author keywords

Adrenergic receptor; Heart failure; Polymorphisms

Indexed keywords

ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; ALPHA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; BETA 1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; BETA 2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BUCINDOLOL; MOXONIDINE; NORADRENALIN;

EID: 33847707816     PISSN: 0100879X     EISSN: 1414431X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1590/S0100-879X2006001000003     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (9)

References (48)
  • 3
    • 0033514046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): A randomized trial
    • CIBIS-II Investigators and Committees
    • CIBIS-II Investigators and Committees. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): A randomized trial. Lancet 1999; 353: 9-13.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , pp. 9-13
  • 4
    • 0033549290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL randomized intervention trial in congestive heart failure (MERIT-HF)
    • MERIT-HF Study Group
    • MERIT-HF Study Group. Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL randomized intervention trial in congestive heart failure (MERIT-HF). Lancet 1999; 353: 2001-2007.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , pp. 2001-2007
  • 5
    • 0037433183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of initiating carvedilol in patients with severe chronic heart failure: Results from the COPERNICUS Study
    • Krum H, Roecker EB, Mohacsi P, Rouleau JL, Tendera M, Coats AJ, et al. Effects of initiating carvedilol in patients with severe chronic heart failure: results from the COPERNICUS Study. JAMA 2003; 289: 712-718.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.289 , pp. 712-718
    • Krum, H.1    Roecker, E.B.2    Mohacsi, P.3    Rouleau, J.L.4    Tendera, M.5    Coats, A.J.6
  • 6
    • 0034976707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered beta-adrenergic receptor gene regulation and signaling in chronic heart failure
    • Port JD, Bristow MR. Altered beta-adrenergic receptor gene regulation and signaling in chronic heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2001; 33: 887-905.
    • (2001) J Mol Cell Cardiol , vol.33 , pp. 887-905
    • Port, J.D.1    Bristow, M.R.2
  • 8
    • 0037057592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adrenergic receptor polymorphisms and heart failure
    • Hajjar RJ, MacRae CA. Adrenergic receptor polymorphisms and heart failure. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 1196-1199.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.347 , pp. 1196-1199
    • Hajjar, R.J.1    MacRae, C.A.2
  • 9
    • 0035199497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presence, distribution and physiological function of adrenergic and muscarinic receptor subtypes in the human heart
    • Brodde OE, Bruck H, Leineweber K, Seyfarth T. Presence, distribution and physiological function of adrenergic and muscarinic receptor subtypes in the human heart. Basic Res Cardiol 2001; 96: 528-538.
    • (2001) Basic Res Cardiol , vol.96 , pp. 528-538
    • Brodde, O.E.1    Bruck, H.2    Leineweber, K.3    Seyfarth, T.4
  • 10
    • 0033547241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two functionally distinct alpha2-adrenergic receptors regulate sympathetic neurotransmission
    • Hein L, Altman JD, Kobilka BK. Two functionally distinct alpha2-adrenergic receptors regulate sympathetic neurotransmission. Nature 1999; 402: 181-184.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.402 , pp. 181-184
    • Hein, L.1    Altman, J.D.2    Kobilka, B.K.3
  • 11
    • 0023808883 scopus 로고
    • The functional importance of beta 1 and beta 2 adrenoceptors in the human heart
    • Brodde OE. The functional importance of beta 1 and beta 2 adrenoceptors in the human heart. Am J Cardiol 1988; 62: 24C-29C.
    • (1988) Am J Cardiol , vol.62
    • Brodde, O.E.1
  • 12
    • 0022980843 scopus 로고
    • Beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic-receptor subpopulations in nonfailing and failing human ventricular myocardium: Coupling of both receptor subtypes to muscle contraction and selective beta 1-receptor down-regulation in heart failure
    • Bristow MR, Ginsburg R, Umans V, Fowler M, Minobe W, Rasmussen R, et al. Beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic-receptor subpopulations in nonfailing and failing human ventricular myocardium: coupling of both receptor subtypes to muscle contraction and selective beta 1-receptor down-regulation in heart failure. Circ Res 1986; 59: 297-309.
    • (1986) Circ Res , vol.59 , pp. 297-309
    • Bristow, M.R.1    Ginsburg, R.2    Umans, V.3    Fowler, M.4    Minobe, W.5    Rasmussen, R.6
  • 13
    • 0002897291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of heat failure: Pharmacological methods
    • In: Braunwald E, Zipes DP, Libby P (Editors), 6th edn. Orlando: W.B. Saunders
    • Bristow MR, Port JD, Kelly RA. Treatment of heat failure: pharmacological methods. In: Braunwald E, Zipes DP, Libby P (Editors), Heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 6th edn. Orlando: W.B. Saunders; 2001. p 562-599.
    • (2001) Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine , pp. 562-599
    • Bristow, M.R.1    Port, J.D.2    Kelly, R.A.3
  • 14
    • 0032189129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The negative inotropic effect of beta3-adrenoceptor stimulation is mediated by activation of a nitric oxide synthase pathway in human ventricle
    • Gauthier C, Leblais V, Kobzik L, Trochu JN, Khandoudi N, Bril A, et al. The negative inotropic effect of beta3-adrenoceptor stimulation is mediated by activation of a nitric oxide synthase pathway in human ventricle. J Clin Invest 1998; 102: 1377-1384.
    • (1998) J Clin Invest , vol.102 , pp. 1377-1384
    • Gauthier, C.1    Leblais, V.2    Kobzik, L.3    Trochu, J.N.4    Khandoudi, N.5    Bril, A.6
  • 15
    • 0034253195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-adrenergic mechanisms in cardiac diseases: A perspective
    • Chakraborti S, Chakraborti T, Shaw G. Beta-adrenergic mechanisms in cardiac diseases: a perspective. Cell Signal 2000; 12: 499-513.
    • (2000) Cell Signal , vol.12 , pp. 499-513
    • Chakraborti, S.1    Chakraborti, T.2    Shaw, G.3
  • 16
    • 0032729995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opposing effects of beta(1)- and beta(2)-adrenergic receptors on cardiac myocyte apoptosis: Role of a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein
    • Communal C, Singh K, Sawyer DB, Colucci WS. Opposing effects of beta(1)- and beta(2)-adrenergic receptors on cardiac myocyte apoptosis: role of a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. Circulation 1999; 100: 2210-2212.
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.100 , pp. 2210-2212
    • Communal, C.1    Singh, K.2    Sawyer, D.B.3    Colucci, W.S.4
  • 17
    • 0032578406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Norepinephrine stimulates apoptosis in adult rat ventricular myocytes by activation of the beta-adrenergic pathway
    • Communal C, Singh K, Pimentel DR, Colucci WS. Norepinephrine stimulates apoptosis in adult rat ventricular myocytes by activation of the beta-adrenergic pathway. Circulation 1998; 98: 1329-1334.
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.98 , pp. 1329-1334
    • Communal, C.1    Singh, K.2    Pimentel, D.R.3    Colucci, W.S.4
  • 18
    • 0037341980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sympathetic activation in human heart failure: Diverse mechanisms, therapeutic opportunities
    • Floras JS. Sympathetic activation in human heart failure: diverse mechanisms, therapeutic opportunities. Acta Physiol Scand 2003; 177: 391-398.
    • (2003) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.177 , pp. 391-398
    • Floras, J.S.1
  • 19
    • 0025153828 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of neuroendocrine activation in patients with left ventricular dysfunction with and without congestive heart failure. A substudy of the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD)
    • Francis GS, Benedict C, Johnstone DE, Kirlin PC, Nicklas J, Liang CS, et al. Comparison of neuroendocrine activation in patients with left ventricular dysfunction with and without congestive heart failure. A substudy of the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD). Circulation 1990; 82: 1724-1729.
    • (1990) Circulation , vol.82 , pp. 1724-1729
    • Francis, G.S.1    Benedict, C.2    Johnstone, D.E.3    Kirlin, P.C.4    Nicklas, J.5    Liang, C.S.6
  • 20
    • 0021194420 scopus 로고
    • Plasma norepinephrine as a guide to prognosis in patients with chronic congestive heart failure
    • Cohn JN, Levine TB, Olivari MT, Garberg V, Lura D, Francis GS, et al. Plasma norepinephrine as a guide to prognosis in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1984; 311: 819-823.
    • (1984) N Engl J Med , vol.311 , pp. 819-823
    • Cohn, J.N.1    Levine, T.B.2    Olivari, M.T.3    Garberg, V.4    Lura, D.5    Francis, G.S.6
  • 21
    • 0029912839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptor densities in the human sinoatrial node: Identification of a high beta 2-adrenergic receptor density
    • Rodefeld MD, Beau SL, Schuessler RB, Boineau JP, Saffitz JE. Beta-adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptor densities in the human sinoatrial node: identification of a high beta 2-adrenergic receptor density. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1996; 7: 1039-1049.
    • (1996) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.7 , pp. 1039-1049
    • Rodefeld, M.D.1    Beau, S.L.2    Schuessler, R.B.3    Boineau, J.P.4    Saffitz, J.E.5
  • 22
    • 0032824704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of beta-adrenoceptor signaling in cardiac function and disease
    • Dzimiri N. Regulation of beta-adrenoceptor signaling in cardiac function and disease. Pharmacol Rev 1999; 51: 465-501.
    • (1999) Pharmacol Rev , vol.51 , pp. 465-501
    • Dzimiri, N.1
  • 23
    • 0027490105 scopus 로고
    • Changes in myocardial and vascular receptors in heart failure
    • Bristow MR. Changes in myocardial and vascular receptors in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993; 22: 61A-71A.
    • (1993) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.22
    • Bristow, M.R.1
  • 24
    • 1042267417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocardial beta-1 adrenoceptor down-regulation in aging and heart failure: Implications for beta-blocker use in older adults with heart failure
    • Ahmed A. Myocardial beta-1 adrenoceptor down-regulation in aging and heart failure: implications for beta-blocker use in older adults with heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2003; 5: 709-715.
    • (2003) Eur J Heart Fail , vol.5 , pp. 709-715
    • Ahmed, A.1
  • 25
    • 0024040764 scopus 로고
    • Down-regulation of beta-adrenergic receptors: Agonist-induced reduction in receptor mRNA levels
    • Hadcock JR, Malbon CC. Down-regulation of beta-adrenergic receptors: agonist-induced reduction in receptor mRNA levels. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988; 85: 5021-5025.
    • (1988) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.85 , pp. 5021-5025
    • Hadcock, J.R.1    Malbon, C.C.2
  • 27
    • 0141891202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance of the human beta 1-adrenergic receptor to agonist-mediated down-regulation. Role of the C terminus in determining beta-subtype degradation
    • Liang W, Austin S, Hoang Q, Fishman PH. Resistance of the human beta 1-adrenergic receptor to agonist-mediated down-regulation. Role of the C terminus in determining beta-subtype degradation. J Biol Chem 2003; 278: 39773-39781.
    • (2003) J Biol Chem , vol.278 , pp. 39773-39781
    • Liang, W.1    Austin, S.2    Hoang, Q.3    Fishman, P.H.4
  • 28
    • 33847698989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed December 12
    • Kimball JW. Kimball's Biology Pages. http://home.comcast.net/ john.kimball1/BiologyPages/. Accessed December 12, 2004.
    • (2004)
    • Kimball, J.W.1
  • 29
    • 0029836349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocardial signaling defects and impaired cardiac function of a human beta 2-adrenergic receptor polymorphism expressed in transgenic mice
    • Turki J, Lorenz JN, Green SA, Donnelly ET, Jacinto M, Liggett SB. Myocardial signaling defects and impaired cardiac function of a human beta 2-adrenergic receptor polymorphism expressed in transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93: 10483-10488.
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.93 , pp. 10483-10488
    • Turki, J.1    Lorenz, J.N.2    Green, S.A.3    Donnelly, E.T.4    Jacinto, M.5    Liggett, S.B.6
  • 30
    • 0032442150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymorphisms of the 5′ leader cistron of the human beta2-adrenergic receptor regulate receptor expression
    • McGraw DW, Forbes SL, Kramer LA, Liggett SB. Polymorphisms of the 5′ leader cistron of the human beta2-adrenergic receptor regulate receptor expression. J Clin Invest 1998; 102: 1927-1932.
    • (1998) J Clin Invest , vol.102 , pp. 1927-1932
    • McGraw, D.W.1    Forbes, S.L.2    Kramer, L.A.3    Liggett, S.B.4
  • 31
    • 0037163005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The myocardium-protective Gly-49 variant of the beta 1-adrenergic receptor exhibits constitutive activity and increased desensitization and down-regulation
    • Levin MC, Marullo S, Muntaner O, Andersson B, Magnusson Y. The myocardium-protective Gly-49 variant of the beta 1-adrenergic receptor exhibits constitutive activity and increased desensitization and down-regulation. J Biol Chem 2002; 277: 30429-30435.
    • (2002) J Biol Chem , vol.277 , pp. 30429-30435
    • Levin, M.C.1    Marullo, S.2    Muntaner, O.3    Andersson, B.4    Magnusson, Y.5
  • 32
    • 0036146859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amino acid 49 polymorphisms of the human beta1-adrenergic receptor affect agonist-promoted trafficking
    • Rathz DA, Brown KM, Kramer LA, Liggett SB. Amino acid 49 polymorphisms of the human beta1-adrenergic receptor affect agonist-promoted trafficking. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2002; 39: 155-160.
    • (2002) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.39 , pp. 155-160
    • Rathz, D.A.1    Brown, K.M.2    Kramer, L.A.3    Liggett, S.B.4
  • 33
    • 0033730995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel polymorphism in the gene coding for the beta(1)-adrenergic receptor associated with survival in patients with heart failure
    • Borjesson M, Magnusson Y, Hjalmarson A, Andersson B. A novel polymorphism in the gene coding for the beta(1)-adrenergic receptor associated with survival in patients with heart failure. Eur Heart J 2000; 21: 1853-1858.
    • (2000) Eur Heart J , vol.21 , pp. 1853-1858
    • Borjesson, M.1    Magnusson, Y.2    Hjalmarson, A.3    Andersson, B.4
  • 34
  • 35
    • 0033617342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A gain-of-function polymorphism in a G-protein coupling domain of the human beta1-adrenergic receptor
    • Mason DA, Moore JD, Green SA, Liggett SB. A gain-of-function polymorphism in a G-protein coupling domain of the human beta1-adrenergic receptor. J Biol Chem 1999; 274: 12670-12674.
    • (1999) J Biol Chem , vol.274 , pp. 12670-12674
    • Mason, D.A.1    Moore, J.D.2    Green, S.A.3    Liggett, S.B.4
  • 36
    • 0041466430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the beta-1 adrenergic receptor Arg389Gly polymorphism in individuals with heart failure: A MERIT-HF sub-study
    • White HL, De Boer RA, Maqbool A, Greenwood D, van Veldhuisen DJ, Cuthbert R, et al. An evaluation of the beta-1 adrenergic receptor Arg389Gly polymorphism in individuals with heart failure: a MERIT-HF sub-study. Eur J Heart Fail 2003; 5: 463-468.
    • (2003) Eur J Heart Fail , vol.5 , pp. 463-468
    • White, H.L.1    De Boer, R.A.2    Maqbool, A.3    Greenwood, D.4    van Veldhuisen, D.J.5    Cuthbert, R.6
  • 37
    • 0142073817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta 1-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms confer differential function and predisposition to heart failure
    • Mialet PJ, Rathz DA, Petrashevskaya NN, Hahn HS, Wagoner LE, Schwartz A, et al. Beta 1-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms confer differential function and predisposition to heart failure. Nat Med 2003; 9: 1300-1305.
    • (2003) Nat Med , vol.9 , pp. 1300-1305
    • Mialet, P.J.1    Rathz, D.A.2    Petrashevskaya, N.N.3    Hahn, H.S.4    Wagoner, L.E.5    Schwartz, A.6
  • 38
    • 0037057235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergistic polymorphisms of beta1- and alpha2C-adrenergic receptors and the risk of congestive heart failure
    • Small KM, Wagoner LE, Levin AM, Kardia SL, Liggett SB. Synergistic polymorphisms of beta1- and alpha2C-adrenergic receptors and the risk of congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 1135-1142.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.347 , pp. 1135-1142
    • Small, K.M.1    Wagoner, L.E.2    Levin, A.M.3    Kardia, S.L.4    Liggett, S.B.5
  • 39
    • 0033136976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a unique genetic variant in the beta1-adrenoceptor gene and evaluation of its role in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
    • CARDIGENE Group
    • Tesson F, Charron P, Peuchmaurd M, Nicaud V, Cambien F, Tiret L, et al. Characterization of a unique genetic variant in the beta1-adrenoceptor gene and evaluation of its role in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. CARDIGENE Group. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1999; 31: 1025-1032.
    • (1999) J Mol Cell Cardiol , vol.31 , pp. 1025-1032
    • Tesson, F.1    Charron, P.2    Peuchmaurd, M.3    Nicaud, V.4    Cambien, F.5    Tiret, L.6
  • 40
    • 0036826922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymorphisms of the beta1-adrenergic receptor predict exercise capacity in heart failure
    • Wagoner LE, Craft LL, Zengel P, McGuire N, Rathz DA, Dorn GW, et al. Polymorphisms of the beta1-adrenergic receptor predict exercise capacity in heart failure. Am Heart J 2002; 144: 840-846.
    • (2002) Am Heart J , vol.144 , pp. 840-846
    • Wagoner, L.E.1    Craft, L.L.2    Zengel, P.3    McGuire, N.4    Rathz, D.A.5    Dorn, G.W.6
  • 41
    • 0036023337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppressive effect of the Gly389 allele of the beta1-adrenergic receptor gene on the occurrence of ventricular tachycardia in dilated cardiomyopathy
    • Iwai C, Akita H, Shiga N, Takai E, Miyamoto Y, Shimizu M, et al. Suppressive effect of the Gly389 allele of the beta1-adrenergic receptor gene on the occurrence of ventricular tachycardia in dilated cardiomyopathy. Circ J 2002; 66: 723-728.
    • (2002) Circ J , vol.66 , pp. 723-728
    • Iwai, C.1    Akita, H.2    Shiga, N.3    Takai, E.4    Miyamoto, Y.5    Shimizu, M.6
  • 42
    • 0032531426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Ile164 beta2-adrenergic receptor polymorphism adversely affects the outcome of congestive heart failure
    • Liggett SB, Wagoner LE, Craft LL, Homung RW, Hoit BD, McIntosh TC, et al. The Ile164 beta2-adrenergic receptor polymorphism adversely affects the outcome of congestive heart failure. J Clin Invest 1998; 102: 1534-1539.
    • (1998) J Clin Invest , vol.102 , pp. 1534-1539
    • Liggett, S.B.1    Wagoner, L.E.2    Craft, L.L.3    Homung, R.W.4    Hoit, B.D.5    McIntosh, T.C.6
  • 43
    • 0029127210 scopus 로고
    • Functional significance of presynaptic alpha-adrenergic receptors in failing and nonfailing human left ventricle
    • Parker JD, Newton GE, Landzberg JS, Floras JS, Colucci WS. Functional significance of presynaptic alpha-adrenergic receptors in failing and nonfailing human left ventricle. Circulation 1995; 92: 1793-1800.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , pp. 1793-1800
    • Parker, J.D.1    Newton, G.E.2    Landzberg, J.S.3    Floras, J.S.4    Colucci, W.S.5
  • 44
    • 0034725616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A four amino acid deletion polymorphism in the third intracellular loop of the human alpha 2C-adrenergic receptor confers impaired coupling to multiple effectors
    • Small KM, Forbes SL, Rahman FF, Bridges KM, Liggett SB. A four amino acid deletion polymorphism in the third intracellular loop of the human alpha 2C-adrenergic receptor confers impaired coupling to multiple effectors. J Biol Chem 2000; 275: 23059-23064.
    • (2000) J Biol Chem , vol.275 , pp. 23059-23064
    • Small, K.M.1    Forbes, S.L.2    Rahman, F.F.3    Bridges, K.M.4    Liggett, S.B.5
  • 45
    • 8444248625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biologic rationale for the use of beta-blockers in the treatment of heart failure
    • Sabbah HN. Biologic rationale for the use of beta-blockers in the treatment of heart failure. Heart Fail Rev 2004; 9: 91-97.
    • (2004) Heart Fail Rev , vol.9 , pp. 91-97
    • Sabbah, H.N.1
  • 46
    • 0037418250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiadrenergic therapy of chronic heart failure: Surprises and new opportunities
    • Bristow M. Antiadrenergic therapy of chronic heart failure: surprises and new opportunities. Circulation 2003; 107: 1100-1102.
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.107 , pp. 1100-1102
    • Bristow, M.1
  • 47
    • 0032862021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart Failure 99 - The MOXCON story
    • Coats AJ. Heart Failure 99 - the MOXCON story. Int J Cardiol 1999; 71: 109-111.
    • (1999) Int J Cardiol , vol.71 , pp. 109-111
    • Coats, A.J.1
  • 48
    • 0035978801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A trial of the beta-blocker bucindolol in advanced chronic heart failure
    • Beta-blocker Evaluation of Survival Trial Investigators
    • Beta-blocker Evaluation of Survival Trial Investigators. A trial of the beta-blocker bucindolol in advanced chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 1659-1667.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.344 , pp. 1659-1667


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.