메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 439-445

Electrostatic funneling for precise nanoparticle placement: A route to wafer-scale integration

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DLVO THEORY; ELECTROSTATIC FUNNELING; ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL ENERGY GRADIENT;

EID: 33847692036     PISSN: 15306984     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/nl062727c     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (82)

References (66)
  • 37
    • 33847693439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The electrical double layer is formed due to rearrangement (screening) of ions that are present in the liquid medium. Its electrostatic potentials and charge densities are described by the Poisson-Boltzmann equation. When the nanoparticles come very close to the substrate, the van der Waals interaction also contributes to the interaction energy. More details can be found in the later part of this paper. See also refs 38-39.
    • The electrical double layer is formed due to rearrangement (screening) of ions that are present in the liquid medium. Its electrostatic potentials and charge densities are described by the Poisson-Boltzmann equation. When the nanoparticles come very close to the substrate, the van der Waals interaction also contributes to the interaction energy. More details can be found in the later part of this paper. See also refs 38-39.
  • 40
    • 33847731721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wolf, S. Silicon Processing for the VLSI Era, 4: Deep-Submicron Process Technology; Lattice Press: Sunset Beach, 2002.
    • Wolf, S. Silicon Processing for the VLSI Era, Vol. 4: Deep-Submicron Process Technology; Lattice Press: Sunset Beach, 2002.
  • 41
    • 33847763126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4OH, and water). Electroless plating condition: 65 °C for 45 s.
    • 4OH, and water). Electroless plating condition: 65 °C for 45 s.
  • 44
    • 33847728545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The citrate ions in the gold colloid are strongly adsorbed on the gold nanoparticle surface and are deprotonated at the pH level of our experiment, resulting in negatively charged nanoparticles. See also ref 55.
    • The citrate ions in the gold colloid are strongly adsorbed on the gold nanoparticle surface and are deprotonated at the pH level of our experiment, resulting in negatively charged nanoparticles. See also ref 55.
  • 45
    • 33847712846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The aqueous gold colloidal solution contains Na, citrate ions (C6O7H7, C6O 7H62, C6O7H 53, Cl, H3O, and OH, see, for example, ref 55, Their concentrations are from the measured pH of 6.6, known dissociation constants of citrate ions, and private communication with Ted Pella Inc, Na, 7.8 × 10 -6 M, C6O7H7, 1.5 × 10-8 M, C6O7H6 2, 1.0 × 10-6 M, C6O 7H53, 1.6 × 10-6 M, Cl, 1.2 × 10-6 M, H3O, 2.5 × 10-7 M, OH, 4.0 × 10-8 M
    • -8 M.
  • 47
    • 33847734615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First, both MHA and APTES functionalized surfaces are hydrophilic, so that when the sample is removed from the aqueous solution of gold colloid, the sample is completely covered with a film of water and produces no water-air interface near the surface patterns. Second, while the sample is entirely covered with the water film, it is immediately immersed into a large of pure methanol to rinse unattached nanoparticles from the substrate. When the sample is finally removed from the methanol for drying with nitrogen, no unattached nanoparticles are present to contribute to capillary force driven assembly. Also, if the capillary force were instrumental in the observed nanoparticle placement, the amount of immersion time in the Au colloidal solution would be irrelevant. However, if the immersion time is reduced to a few minutes <∼4 min, with everything else kept exactly the same, we find almost no attachment of Au nanoparticles on the substrate. This serves as another direct e
    • First, both MHA and APTES functionalized surfaces are hydrophilic, so that when the sample is removed from the aqueous solution of gold colloid, the sample is completely covered with a film of water and produces no water-air interface near the surface patterns. Second, while the sample is entirely covered with the water film, it is immediately immersed into a large volume of pure methanol to rinse unattached nanoparticles from the substrate. When the sample is finally removed from the methanol for drying with nitrogen, no unattached nanoparticles are present to contribute to capillary force driven assembly. Also, if the capillary force were instrumental in the observed nanoparticle placement, the amount of immersion time in the Au colloidal solution would be irrelevant. However, if the immersion time is reduced to a few minutes (<∼4 min), with everything else kept exactly the same, we find almost no attachment of Au nanoparticles on the substrate. This serves as another direct evidence that capillary forces are not responsible for the observed nanoparticle placement.
  • 48
    • 33847711703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The SAMs of ODT were formed by immersing into 5 mM ODT solution in hexadecane for 42 h at 40 °C, followed by rinsing with warm (40 °C) acetone and drying with nitrogen.
    • The SAMs of ODT were formed by immersing into 5 mM ODT solution in hexadecane for 42 h at 40 °C, followed by rinsing with warm (40 °C) acetone and drying with nitrogen.
  • 57
    • 33847715772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The value of the Hamaker constant is dominated by substrate materials and medium, and the effect of SAMs on Hamaker constant is negligible as long as the separation is larger than ∼5 nm. See, for example, ref 58.
    • The value of the Hamaker constant is dominated by substrate materials and medium, and the effect of SAMs on Hamaker constant is negligible as long as the separation is larger than ∼5 nm. See, for example, ref 58.
  • 61
    • 33847705606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Because λ(h) decreases as h increases, this value is a low-bound estimate
    • Because λ(h) decreases as h increases, this value is a low-bound estimate.
  • 62
    • 33847693834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 10 (particles/mL), the immersion times were 30, 20, and 10 min, and the immersion temperatures were room temperature, 4 °C, and 4 °C for 200, 80, and 50 nm Au nanoparticles, for parts B, C, and D of Figure 7, respectively. All Au nanoparticles from Ted Pella Inc.
    • 10 (particles/mL), the immersion times were 30, 20, and 10 min, and the immersion temperatures were room temperature, 4 °C, and 4 °C for 200, 80, and 50 nm Au nanoparticles, for parts B, C, and D of Figure 7, respectively. All Au nanoparticles from Ted Pella Inc.
  • 64
    • 0003423226 scopus 로고
    • Grabert, H, Devoret, M. H, Eds, Plenum: New York
    • Grabert, H.; Devoret, M. H., Eds. Single Charge Tunneling; Plenum: New York, 1992.
    • (1992) Single Charge Tunneling
  • 65
    • 33847742472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note, on the other hand, that with current lateral pattern definition techniques such as photolithography, it is difficult to define patterns with resolution better than a few tens of nanometers. Other techniques such as e-beam writing and scanning probe microscopy are too slow for large-scale applications
    • Note, on the other hand, that with current lateral pattern definition techniques such as photolithography, it is difficult to define patterns with resolution better than a few tens of nanometers. Other techniques such as e-beam writing and scanning probe microscopy are too slow for large-scale applications.
  • 66
    • 33847744927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Here, wafer-scale refers to the simultaneous fabrication of millions of devices on a single wafer
    • Here, "wafer-scale" refers to the simultaneous fabrication of millions of devices on a single wafer.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.