메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 20, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 145-157

Early detection of changes in the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation: Implications for the design of ocean observation systems

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATOLOGY; GREENHOUSE EFFECT; RISK MANAGEMENT;

EID: 33846901351     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI3993.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (22)

References (80)
  • 1
    • 1642417240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The economics of sustained ocean observations: Benefits and rationale for public funding
    • Coauthors, NOAA/Office of Naval Research Joint Rep
    • Adams, R., and Coauthors, 2000: The economics of sustained ocean observations: Benefits and rationale for public funding. NOAA/Office of Naval Research Joint Rep., 58 pp.
    • (2000) , pp. 58
    • Adams, R.1
  • 2
    • 0037471002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abrupt climate change
    • Coauthors
    • Alley, R. B., and Coauthors, 2003: Abrupt climate change. Science, 299, 2005-2010.
    • (2003) Science , vol.299 , pp. 2005-2010
    • Alley, R.B.1
  • 3
    • 4544240869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring the meridional overturning circulation in the North Atlantic: A model-based array design study
    • Baehr, J., J. Hirschi, J. O. Beismann, and J. Marotzke, 2004: Monitoring the meridional overturning circulation in the North Atlantic: A model-based array design study. J. Mar. Res., 62, 283-312.
    • (2004) J. Mar. Res. , vol.62 , pp. 283-312
    • Baehr, J.1    Hirschi, J.2    Beismann, J.O.3    Marotzke, J.4
  • 4
    • 33846915826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting potential changes in the meridional overturning circulation at 26°N in the Atlantic
    • in press
    • Baehr, J., K. Keller, and J. Marotzke, 2007: Detecting potential changes in the meridional overturning circulation at 26°N in the Atlantic. Climatic Change, in press.
    • (2007) Climatic Change
    • Baehr, J.1    Keller, K.2    Marotzke, J.3
  • 5
    • 0037091259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Where to look for anthropogenic climate change in the ocean
    • Banks, H., and R. Wood, 2002: Where to look for anthropogenic climate change in the ocean. J. Climate, 15, 879-891.
    • (2002) J. Climate , vol.15 , pp. 879-891
    • Banks, H.1    Wood, R.2
  • 6
    • 85071005459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the uses of benefit-cost reasoning in choosing policy toward global climate change
    • P. R. Portney and J. P. Weyant, Eds., Resources for the Future Press
    • Bradford, D. F., 1999: On the uses of benefit-cost reasoning in choosing policy toward global climate change. Discounting and Intergenerational Equity, P. R. Portney and J. P. Weyant, Eds., Resources for the Future Press, 37-44.
    • (1999) Discounting and Intergenerational Equity , pp. 37-44
    • Bradford, D.F.1
  • 7
    • 84925910319 scopus 로고
    • The value of information for crop forecasting in a market system: Some theoretical issues
    • Bradford, D. F, and H. H. Kelejian, 1977: The value of information for crop forecasting in a market system: Some theoretical issues. Rev. Econ. Stud., 44, 519-531.
    • (1977) Rev. Econ. Stud. , vol.44 , pp. 519-531
    • Bradford, D.F.1    Kelejian, H.H.2
  • 8
    • 0001925746 scopus 로고
    • The great ocean conveyor
    • Broecker, W. S., 1991: The great ocean conveyor. Oceanography, 4, 79-89.
    • (1991) Oceanography , vol.4 , pp. 79-89
    • Broecker, W.S.1
  • 9
    • 0023106918 scopus 로고
    • Potential vorticity in models of the ocean circulation
    • Bryan, K., 1987: Potential vorticity in models of the ocean circulation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 113, 713-734.
    • (1987) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.113 , pp. 713-734
    • Bryan, K.1
  • 10
    • 28444480226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slowing of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 25°N
    • Bryden, H. L., H. R. Longworth, and S. A. Cunningham, 2005: Slowing of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 25°N. Nature, 438, 655-657.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.438 , pp. 655-657
    • Bryden, H.L.1    Longworth, H.R.2    Cunningham, S.A.3
  • 11
    • 0037318838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous induced technical change and the costs of Kyoto
    • Buonanno, P., C. Carraro, and M. Galeotti, 2003: Endogenous induced technical change and the costs of Kyoto. Resour. Energy Econ., 25, 11-34.
    • (2003) Resour. Energy Econ. , vol.25 , pp. 11-34
    • Buonanno, P.1    Carraro, C.2    Galeotti, M.3
  • 12
    • 33846929503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards the probability of rapid climate change
    • H. J. Schellnhuber et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press
    • Challenor, P. G., R. K. S. Hankin, and R. Marsh, 2006: Towards the probability of rapid climate change. Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change, H. J. Schellnhuber et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press, 55-63.
    • (2006) Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change , pp. 55-63
    • Challenor, P.G.1    Hankin, R.K.S.2    Marsh, R.3
  • 13
    • 0002289566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Projections of future climate change
    • J. T. Houghton et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press
    • Cubasch, U., and G. A. Meehl, 2001: Projections of future climate change. Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis, J. T. Houghton et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press, 526-582.
    • (2001) Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis , pp. 526-582
    • Cubasch, U.1    Meehl, G.A.2
  • 14
    • 0037171772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid freshening of the deep North Atlantic Ocean over the past four decades
    • Dickson, B., I. Yashayaev, J. Meincke, B. Turell, S. Dye, and J. Holfort, 2002: Rapid freshening of the deep North Atlantic Ocean over the past four decades. Nature, 416, 832-837.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.416 , pp. 832-837
    • Dickson, B.1    Yashayaev, I.2    Meincke, J.3    Turell, B.4    Dye, S.5    Holfort, J.6
  • 15
    • 0029532458 scopus 로고
    • Integrated assessment models of climate change
    • Dowlatabadi, H., 1995: Integrated assessment models of climate change. Energy Policy, 23, 289-296.
    • (1995) Energy Policy , vol.23 , pp. 289-296
    • Dowlatabadi, H.1
  • 16
    • 0002276308 scopus 로고
    • Assessment and propagation of model uncertainty
    • Draper, D., 1995: Assessment and propagation of model uncertainty. J. Roy. Stat. Soc. B, 57, 45-97.
    • (1995) J. Roy. Stat. Soc. B , vol.57 , pp. 45-97
    • Draper, D.1
  • 17
    • 0034707034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved estimates of global ocean circulation, heat transport and mixing from hydrographic data
    • Ganachaud, A., and C. Wunsch, 2000: Improved estimates of global ocean circulation, heat transport and mixing from hydrographic data. Nature, 408, 453-457.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.408 , pp. 453-457
    • Ganachaud, A.1    Wunsch, C.2
  • 18
    • 25844465765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 concentration
    • Coauthors, L12703, doi:10.1029/2005GL023209
    • 2 concentration. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L12703, doi:10.1029/2005GL023209.
    • (2005) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.32
    • Gregory, J.M.1
  • 19
    • 0033755855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What story is told by oceanic tracer concentrations?
    • Gruber, N., K. Keller, and R. M. Key, 2000: What story is told by oceanic tracer concentrations? Science, 290, 455-456.
    • (2000) Science , vol.290 , pp. 455-456
    • Gruber, N.1    Keller, K.2    Key, R.M.3
  • 20
    • 0001469825 scopus 로고
    • Diffusion: Long-term patterns and discontinuities
    • Grubler, A., 1991: Diffusion: Long-term patterns and discontinuities. Technol. Forecasting Soc. Change, 39,159-180.
    • (1991) Technol. Forecasting Soc. Change , vol.39 , pp. 159-180
    • Grubler, A.1
  • 21
    • 0032452246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conventional and Bayesian approach to climate-change detection and attribution
    • Hasselmann, K., 1998: Conventional and Bayesian approach to climate-change detection and attribution. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 12A, 2541-2565.
    • (1998) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.12 A , pp. 2541-2565
    • Hasselmann, K.1
  • 22
    • 16644399750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of climate system bifurcations by degenerate fingerprinting
    • L23207, doi:10.1029/2004GL020972
    • Held, H., and T. Kleinen, 2004: Detection of climate system bifurcations by degenerate fingerprinting. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L23207, doi:10.1029/2004GL020972.
    • (2004) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.31
    • Held, H.1    Kleinen, T.2
  • 23
    • 0141650352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A monitoring design for the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
    • doi:10.1029/2002GL016776
    • Hirschi, J., J. Baehr, J. Marotzke, J. Stark, S. Cunningham, and J.-O. Beismann, 2003: A monitoring design for the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1413, doi:10.1029/ 2002GL016776.
    • (2003) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.30 , pp. 1413
    • Hirschi, J.1    Baehr, J.2    Marotzke, J.3    Stark, J.4    Cunningham, S.5    Beismann, J.-O.6
  • 25
    • 0000734553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The value of weather information
    • R. W. Katz and A. H. Murphy, Eds., Cambridge University Press
    • Johnson, S. R., and M. T. Holt, 1997: The value of weather information. Economic Value of Weather and Climate Forecasts, R. W. Katz and A. H. Murphy, Eds., Cambridge University Press, 75-107.
    • (1997) Economic Value of Weather and Climate Forecasts , pp. 75-107
    • Johnson, S.R.1    Holt, M.T.2
  • 26
    • 33846908380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in marine dissolved oxygen: Implications for ocean circulation changes and the carbon budget
    • Joos, F., G.-K. Plattner, T. F. Stocker, A. Koertzinger, and D. W. R. Wallace, 1996: Trends in marine dissolved oxygen: Implications for ocean circulation changes and the carbon budget. Tellus, 48B, 397-417.
    • (1996) Tellus , vol.48 B , pp. 397-417
    • Joos, F.1    Plattner, G.-K.2    Stocker, T.F.3    Koertzinger, A.4    Wallace, D.W.R.5
  • 27
    • 0000125532 scopus 로고
    • Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk
    • Kahneman, D., and A. Tversky, 1979: Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47, 263-291.
    • (1979) Econometrica , vol.47 , pp. 263-291
    • Kahneman, D.1    Tversky, A.2
  • 28
    • 0002414124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forecast value: Prototype decision-making models
    • R. W. Katz and A. H. Murphy, Eds., Cambridge University Press
    • Katz, R. W., and A. H. Murphy, 1997: Forecast value: Prototype decision-making models. Economic Value of Weather and Climate Forecasts, R. W. Katz and A. H. Murphy, Eds., Cambridge University Press, 183-217.
    • (1997) Economic Value of Weather and Climate Forecasts , pp. 183-217
    • Katz, R.W.1    Murphy, A.H.2
  • 29
    • 0033779681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preserving the ocean circulation: Implications for climate policy
    • Keller, K., K. Tan, F. M. M. Morel, and D. F. Bradford, 2000: Preserving the ocean circulation: Implications for climate policy. Climate Change, 47, 17-43.
    • (2000) Climate Change , vol.47 , pp. 17-43
    • Keller, K.1    Tan, K.2    Morel, F.M.M.3    Bradford, D.F.4
  • 30
    • 0036140084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible biological or physical explanations for decadal scale trends in North Pacific nutrient concentrations and oxygen utilization
    • Keller, K., R. Slater, M. Bender, and R. M. Key, 2002: Possible biological or physical explanations for decadal scale trends in North Pacific nutrient concentrations and oxygen utilization. Deep-Sea Res. II, 49, 345-362.
    • (2002) Deep-Sea Res. II , vol.49 , pp. 345-362
    • Keller, K.1    Slater, R.2    Bender, M.3    Key, R.M.4
  • 31
    • 7444234304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon dioxide sequestration: When and how much?
    • Center for Economic Policy Studies Working Paper 94
    • Keller, K., M. G. Hall, Z. Yang, and D. F. Bradford, 2003: Carbon dioxide sequestration: When and how much? Center for Economic Policy Studies Working Paper 94, 23 pp.
    • (2003) , pp. 23
    • Keller, K.1    Hall, M.G.2    Yang, Z.3    Bradford, D.F.4
  • 32
    • 3042686885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncertain climate thresholds and optimal economic growth
    • Keller, K., B. M. Bolker, and D. F. Bradford, 2004: Uncertain climate thresholds and optimal economic growth. J. Environ. Econ. Manage., 48, 723-741.
    • (2004) J. Environ. Econ. Manage. , vol.48 , pp. 723-741
    • Keller, K.1    Bolker, B.M.2    Bradford, D.F.3
  • 33
    • 27744464158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avoiding dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system
    • Keller, K., M. Hall, S.-R. Kim, D. F. Bradford, and M. Oppenheimer, 2005: Avoiding dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Climate Change, 73, 227-238.
    • (2005) Climate Change , vol.73 , pp. 227-238
    • Keller, K.1    Hall, M.2    Kim, S.-R.3    Bradford, D.F.4    Oppenheimer, M.5
  • 35
    • 84927059955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing the risks of climate thresholds: Uncertainties and information needs - An editorial essay
    • in press
    • Keller, K., G. Yohe, and M. Schlesinger, 2007b: Managing the risks of climate thresholds: Uncertainties and information needs - An editorial essay. Climatic Change, in press.
    • (2007) Climatic Change
    • Keller, K.1    Yohe, G.2    Schlesinger, M.3
  • 36
    • 0242482780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential role of spectral properties in detecting thresholds in the Earth system: Application to the thermohaline circulation
    • Kleinen, T., H. Held, and G. Petschel-Held, 2003: The potential role of spectral properties in detecting thresholds in the Earth system: Application to the thermohaline circulation. Ocean Dyn., 53, 53-63.
    • (2003) Ocean Dyn. , vol.53 , pp. 53-63
    • Kleinen, T.1    Held, H.2    Petschel-Held, G.3
  • 37
    • 0037079745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limited predictability of the future thermohaline circulation close to an instability threshold
    • Knutti, R., and T. F. Stocker, 2002: Limited predictability of the future thermohaline circulation close to an instability threshold. J. Climate, 15, 179-186.
    • (2002) J. Climate , vol.15 , pp. 179-186
    • Knutti, R.1    Stocker, T.F.2
  • 38
    • 1842786376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal observations for variational data assimilation
    • Köhl, A., and D. Stammer, 2004: Optimal observations for variational data assimilation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 34, 529-542.
    • (2004) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.34 , pp. 529-542
    • Köhl, A.1    Stammer, D.2
  • 39
    • 0034210560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical stabilization of the thermohaline circulation in a greenhouse warming simulation
    • Latif, M., E. Roeckner, U. Mikolajewicz, and R. Voss, 2000: Tropical stabilization of the thermohaline circulation in a greenhouse warming simulation. J. Climate, 13, 1809-1813.
    • (2000) J. Climate , vol.13 , pp. 1809-1813
    • Latif, M.1    Roeckner, E.2    Mikolajewicz, U.3    Voss, R.4
  • 40
    • 0037076360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new decision sciences for complex systems
    • Lempert, R. J., 2002: A new decision sciences for complex systems. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 99, 7309-7313.
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.99 , pp. 7309-7313
    • Lempert, R.J.1
  • 41
    • 0034129343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Robust strategies for abating climate change - An editorial essay
    • Lempert, R. J., and M. E. Schlesinger, 2000: Robust strategies for abating climate change - An editorial essay. Climatic Change, 45, 387-401.
    • (2000) Climatic Change , vol.45 , pp. 387-401
    • Lempert, R.J.1    Schlesinger, M.E.2
  • 42
    • 0028159539 scopus 로고
    • The impact of potential abrupt climate changes on near-term policy choices
    • Lempert, R. J., M. E. Schlesinger,, and J. K. Hammitt, 1994: The impact of potential abrupt climate changes on near-term policy choices. Climatic Change, 26, 351-376.
    • (1994) Climatic Change , vol.26 , pp. 351-376
    • Lempert, R.J.1    Schlesinger, M.E.2    Hammitt, J.K.3
  • 44
    • 0029817336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An estimate of global ocean circulation and heat fluxes
    • Macdonald, A. M., and C. Wunsch, 1996: An estimate of global ocean circulation and heat fluxes. Nature, 382, 436-439.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.382 , pp. 436-439
    • Macdonald, A.M.1    Wunsch, C.2
  • 45
    • 0028195351 scopus 로고
    • Multiple-century response of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model to an increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide
    • Manabe, S., and R. J. Stouffer, 1994: Multiple-century response of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model to an increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide. J. Climate, 7, 5-23.
    • (1994) J. Climate , vol.7 , pp. 5-23
    • Manabe, S.1    Stouffer, R.J.2
  • 46
    • 0033047554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of thermohaline circulation in climate
    • Manabe, S., and R. J. Stouffer, 1999: The role of thermohaline circulation in climate. Tellus, 51A, 91-109.
    • (1999) Tellus , vol.51 A , pp. 91-109
    • Manabe, S.1    Stouffer, R.J.2
  • 48
    • 0026313907 scopus 로고
    • Buying greenhouse insurance
    • Manne, A. S., and R. Richels, 1991: Buying greenhouse insurance. Energy Policy, 19, 543-552.
    • (1991) Energy Policy , vol.19 , pp. 543-552
    • Manne, A.S.1    Richels, R.2
  • 49
    • 84958167480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in dissolved oxygen in the Southern Ocean with climate change
    • doi:10.1029/2000GC000086
    • Matear, R. J., A. C. Hirst, and B. I. McNeil, 2000: Changes in dissolved oxygen in the Southern Ocean with climate change. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 1, doi:10.1029/2000GC000086.
    • (2000) Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. , vol.1
    • Matear, R.J.1    Hirst, A.C.2    McNeil, B.I.3
  • 50
    • 55049134445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economically optimal risk reduction strategies in the face of uncertain climate thresholds
    • in press
    • McInerney, D., and K. Keller, 2007: Economically optimal risk reduction strategies in the face of uncertain climate thresholds. Climatic Change, in press.
    • (2007) Climatic Change
    • McInerney, D.1    Keller, K.2
  • 51
    • 0038341026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discounting the distant future: How much do uncertain rates increase valuations?
    • Newell, R. G., and W. Pizer, 2003: Discounting the distant future: How much do uncertain rates increase valuations? J. Environ. Econ. Manage., 46, 52-71.
    • (2003) J. Environ. Econ. Manage. , vol.46 , pp. 52-71
    • Newell, R.G.1    Pizer, W.2
  • 53
    • 0030655142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is the value of scientific knowledge? An application to global warming using the PRICE model
    • Nordhaus, W. D., and D. Popp, 1997: What is the value of scientific knowledge? An application to global warming using the PRICE model. Energy J., 18, 1-45.
    • (1997) Energy J. , vol.18 , pp. 1-45
    • Nordhaus, W.D.1    Popp, D.2
  • 54
    • 52749086951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deep water formation rates inferred from global tracer distributions: An inverse approach
    • Geophys. Monogr., Amer. Geophys. Union
    • Peacock, S., M. Visbeck, and W. Broecker, 2000: Deep water formation rates inferred from global tracer distributions: An inverse approach. Inverse Methods in Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Geophys. Monogr., Vol. 114, Amer. Geophys. Union, 185-195.
    • (2000) Inverse Methods in Global Biogeochemical Cycles , vol.114 , pp. 185-195
    • Peacock, S.1    Visbeck, M.2    Broecker, W.3
  • 56
    • 0002759762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decadal variability of the thermohaline ocean circulation
    • A. Navarro, Ed., Springer-Verlag
    • Rahmstorf, S., 1999: Decadal variability of the thermohaline ocean circulation. Beyond El Niño: Decadal and Interdecadal Climate Variability, A. Navarro, Ed., Springer-Verlag, 309-332.
    • (1999) Beyond El Niño: Decadal and Interdecadal Climate Variability , pp. 309-332
    • Rahmstorf, S.1
  • 57
    • 0033840033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The thermohaline ocean circulation: A system with a dangerous threshold?
    • Rahmstorf, S., 2000: The thermohaline ocean circulation: A system with a dangerous threshold? Climatic Change, 46, 247-256.
    • (2000) Climatic Change , vol.46 , pp. 247-256
    • Rahmstorf, S.1
  • 58
    • 0001131206 scopus 로고
    • A mathematical theory of saving
    • Ramsey, F., 1928: A mathematical theory of saving. Econ. J., 37, 543-559.
    • (1928) Econ. J. , vol.37 , pp. 543-559
    • Ramsey, F.1
  • 60
    • 0030729592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The stability of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation in a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model
    • Schiller, A., U. Mikolajewicz, and R. Voss, 1997: The stability of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation in a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model. Climate Dyn., 13, 325-347.
    • (1997) Climate Dyn. , vol.13 , pp. 325-347
    • Schiller, A.1    Mikolajewicz, U.2    Voss, R.3
  • 61
    • 0001164534 scopus 로고
    • Reduction of deepwater formation in the Greenland Sea during the 1980's: Evidence from tracer data
    • Schlosser, P., G. Bönisch, M. Rhein, and R. Bayer, 1991: Reduction of deepwater formation in the Greenland Sea during the 1980's: Evidence from tracer data. Science, 251, 1054-1056.
    • (1991) Science , vol.251 , pp. 1054-1056
    • Schlosser, P.1    Bönisch, G.2    Rhein, M.3    Bayer, R.4
  • 62
    • 0033117439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The stability of the thermohaline circulation in global warming experiments
    • Schmittner, A., and T. F. Stocker, 1999: The stability of the thermohaline circulation in global warming experiments. J. Climate, 112, 1117-1133.
    • (1999) J. Climate , vol.112 , pp. 1117-1133
    • Schmittner, A.1    Stocker, T.F.2
  • 63
    • 31544443813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Model projections of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation for the 21st century assessed by observations
    • L23710, doi:10.1029/2005GL024368
    • Schmittner, A., M. Latif, and B. Schneider, 2005: Model projections of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation for the 21st century assessed by observations. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L23710, doi:10.1029/ 2005GL024368.
    • (2005) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.32
    • Schmittner, A.1    Latif, M.2    Schneider, B.3
  • 65
    • 0035218547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rates of North Atlantic Deep Water formation calculated from chlorofluorocarbon inventories
    • Smethie, W. M., and R. A. Fine, 2001: Rates of North Atlantic Deep Water formation calculated from chlorofluorocarbon inventories. Deep-Sea Res., 48, 189-215.
    • (2001) Deep-Sea Res. , vol.48 , pp. 189-215
    • Smethie, W.M.1    Fine, R.A.2
  • 66
  • 68
    • 0030883493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 emission rates on the stability of the thermohaline circulation
    • 2 emission rates on the stability of the thermohaline circulation. Nature, 388, 862-865.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.388 , pp. 862-865
    • Stocker, T.F.1    Schmittner, A.2
  • 69
    • 0033172606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide: Sensitivity to the rate of increase
    • Stouffer, R., and S. Manabe, 1999: Response of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide: Sensitivity to the rate of increase. J. Climate, 12, 2224-2237.
    • (1999) J. Climate , vol.12 , pp. 2224-2237
    • Stouffer, R.1    Manabe, S.2
  • 70
    • 21644449084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atlantic Ocean forcing of North American and European summer climate
    • Sutton, R. T., and D. L. R. Hodson, 2005: Atlantic Ocean forcing of North American and European summer climate. Science, 309, 115-118.
    • (2005) Science , vol.309 , pp. 115-118
    • Sutton, R.T.1    Hodson, D.L.R.2
  • 71
    • 0007495324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential slowdown of the thermohaline circulation and climate policy
    • Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Discussion Paper DS98/06
    • Tol, R. S. J., 1998: Potential slowdown of the thermohaline circulation and climate policy. Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Discussion Paper DS98/06, 7 pp.
    • (1998) , pp. 7
    • Tol, R.S.J.1
  • 72
    • 13844255156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The marginal damage costs of carbon dioxide emissions: An assessment of the uncertainties
    • Tol, R. S. J., 2005: The marginal damage costs of carbon dioxide emissions: An assessment of the uncertainties. Energy Policy, 33, 2064-2074.
    • (2005) Energy Policy , vol.33 , pp. 2064-2074
    • Tol, R.S.J.1
  • 73
    • 0031937130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Bayesian statistical analysis of the enhanced greenhouse effect
    • Tol, R. S. J., and A. de Vos, 1998: A Bayesian statistical analysis of the enhanced greenhouse effect. Climatic Change, 38, 87-112.
    • (1998) Climatic Change , vol.38 , pp. 87-112
    • Tol, R.S.J.1    de Vos, A.2
  • 75
    • 0036315114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global climatic impacts of a collapse of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation
    • Vellinga, M., and R. A. Wood, 2002: Global climatic impacts of a collapse of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation. Climatic Change, 54, 251-267.
    • (2002) Climatic Change , vol.54 , pp. 251-267
    • Vellinga, M.1    Wood, R.A.2
  • 78
    • 0027037177 scopus 로고
    • Decade-to-century changes in the ocean circulation
    • Wunsch, C., 1992: Decade-to-century changes in the ocean circulation. Oceanography, 5, 99-106.
    • (1992) Oceanography , vol.5 , pp. 99-106
    • Wunsch, C.1
  • 79
    • 0000699401 scopus 로고
    • Bayesian analysis of the regression model with autocorrelated errors
    • Zellner, A., and G. C. Tian, 1964: Bayesian analysis of the regression model with autocorrelated errors. J. Amer. Stat. Assoc., 59, 763-778.
    • (1964) J. Amer. Stat. Assoc. , vol.59 , pp. 763-778
    • Zellner, A.1    Tian, G.C.2
  • 80
    • 6044251071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing the risk of abrupt climate change: Emissions corridors preserving the Atlantic thermohaline circulation
    • Zickfeld, K., and T. Bruckner, 2003: Reducing the risk of abrupt climate change: Emissions corridors preserving the Atlantic thermohaline circulation. Integr. Assess., 4, 106-115.
    • (2003) Integr. Assess. , vol.4 , pp. 106-115
    • Zickfeld, K.1    Bruckner, T.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.