Ethnopharmacological survey of plants used in the traditional treatment of hypertension and diabetes in south-eastern Morocco (Errachidia province)

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Volumn 110, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 105-117

  Tahraoui, A ^a   El Hilaly, J ^a   Israili, Z H ^b   Lyoussi, B ^a  

^a SIDI MOHAMED BEN ABDELLAH UNIVERSITY   (Morocco)

^b EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Diabetes mellitus; Errachidia; Ethnobotany; Ethnopharmacological survey; Hypertension; Medicinal plants

Indexed keywords

AJUGA IVA EXTRACT; AMMI VISNAGA EXTRACT; ARTEMISIA ABSINTHIUM EXTRACT; ARTEMISIA HERBA ALBA EXTRACT; BORAGO OFFICINALIS EXTRACT; CAPPARIS SPINOSA EXTRACT; CARUM CARVI EXTRACT; CHENOPODIUM AMBROSIOIDES EXTRACT; COLOCYNTH; CORIANDRUM SATIVUM EXTRACT; CYNARA CARDUNCULUS EXTRACT; CYNODON DACTYLON EXTRACT; FOENICULUM VULGARE EXTRACT; HERNIARIA GLABRA EXTRACT; INULA VISCOSA EXTRACT; JUGLANS REGIA EXTRACT; LAVANDULA OFFICINALIS EXTRACT; LAVANDULA STOECHAS EXTRACT; LEPIDIUM SATIVUM EXTRACT; MARRUBIUM VULGARE EXTRACT; MENTHA PULEGIUM EXTRACT; NERIUM OLEANDER EXTRACT; OPUNTIA FICUS INDICA EXTRACT; PETROSELINUM CRISPUM EXTRACT; PHALARIS PARADOXA EXTRACT; PIMPINELLA ANISUM EXTRACT; PLANT EXTRACT; TETRACLINIS ARTICULATA EXTRACT; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; ZEA MAYS EXTRACT;

AJUGA IVA; ALMOND; AMMI VISNAGA; ANISE; ARTEMISIA ABSINTHIUM; ARTEMISIA HERBA ALBA; ARTICLE; BERMUDA GRASS; BLACK CUMIN; BORAGO OFFICINALIS; CAPPARIS SPINOSA; CARAWAY; CARDOON; CHENOPODIUM AMBROSIOIDES; CLOVE; CORIANDRUM SATIVUM; CYDONIA OBLONGA; DATURA STRAMONIUM; DIABETES MELLITUS; ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY; EUCALYPTUS; FENNEL; FENUGREEK; FICUS CARICA; GARLIC; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; GRAPE; HEALING; HERNIARIA GLABRA; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INULA VISCOSA; JUGLANS REGIA; LAVANDULA OFFICINALIS; LAVANDULA STOECHAS; LEPIDIUM SATIVUM; LIPPIA CITRIODORA; MAIZE; MARRUBIUM VULGARE; MEDICINAL PLANT; MENTHA PULEGIUM; MENTHA SPICATA; MOROCCO; MYRTLE; NERIUM OLEANDER; NONHUMAN; OLEA EUROPEAE; OLIVE TREE; ONION; OPUNTIA FICUS INDICA; ORIGANUM MAJORANA; PALM TREE; PARSLEY; PEGANUM HARMALA; PHALARIS PARADOXA; POMEGRANATE; RETAMA SPHAEROCARPA; ROSAMRINUS OFFICINALIS; RUTA MONTANA; SALVIA OFFICINALIS; SESAME; SOUR ORANGE; SOYBEAN; TAMARIX ARTICULATA; TETRACLINIS ARTICULATA; THYME; THYMELAEA TARTONRAIRA; THYMUS SATUREIOIDES; TRADITIONAL MEDICINE; URTICA DIOICA; ZIZIPHUS LOTUS; ZYGOPHYLLUM GAETULUM;

ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS;

AJUGA IVA; ALLIUM CEPA; ALLIUM SATIVUM; ARTEMISIA HERBA-ALBA; CARUM CARVI; CITRULLUS COLOCYNTHIS; DATURA STRAMONIUM; LEPIDIUM SATIVUM; NERIUM OLEANDER; NIGELLA SATIVA; OLEA EUROPAEA; ORIGANUM MAJORANA; PEGANUM HARMALA; PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA; ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS; ZYGOPHYLLUM GAETULUM;

EID: 33846852196     PISSN: 03788741     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.09.011     Document Type: Article

References (143)

1. Abdel-Hassan I.A., Abdel-Barry J.A., and Tariq Mohammeda S. The hypoglycaemic and antihyperglycaemic effect of Citrullus colocynthis fruit aqueous extract in normal and alloxan diabetic rabbits. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 71 (2000) 325-330
2. Abu Soud R.S., Hamdan I.I., and Afifi F.U. Alpha amylase inhibitory activity of some plant extracts with hypoglycemic activity. Scientia Pharmaceutica 72 (2004) 25-33
3. Al-Alami A.H.H., and Farjou I.B. Effect of feeding of Artemisia herba-alba Asso on glucokinase and ATPase activity in normal and diabetic rabbits. Journal of the Faculty of Medicine (Baghdad) 32 (1990) 13-25
4. Alaoui T., Benabdelkrim I., and Zaid A. Etude de l'effet hypoglycémiant sur des rats d'une association de Ammi visnaga, Centaurium erythraea et Thymus ciliatus utilisées en médecine traditionnelle Marocaine. Al Biruniya. Revue Marocaine de Pharmacognosie 8 (1992) 37-44
5. Alarcon-Aguilar F.J., Roman-Ramos R., Perez-Gutierrez S., Aguilar-Contreras A., Contreras-Weber C.C., and Flores-Saenz J.L. Study of the anti-hyperglycemic effect of plants used as antidiabetics. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 61 (1998) 101-110
6. Alarcon-Aguilar F.J., Roman-Ramos R., Flores-Saenz J.L., and Aguirre-Garcia F. Investigation on the hypoglycaemic effects of extracts of four Mexican medicinal plants in normal and alloxan-diabetic mice. Phytotherapy Research 16 (2002) 383-386
7. Alarcon-Aguilar F.J., Valdes-Arzate A., Xolalpa-Molina S., Banderas-Dorantes T., Jimenez-Estrada M., Hernandez-Galicia E., and Roman-Ramos R. Hypoglycemic activity of two polysaccharides isolated from Opuntia ficus-indica and O. streptacantha. Proceedings of the Western Pharmacology Society 46 (2003) 139-142
8. Al-Ghaithi F., El-Ridi M.R., Adeghate E., and Amiri M.H. Biochemical effects of Citrullus colocynthis in normal and diabetic rats. Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry 261 (2004) 143-149
9. Al-Hader A.A., Aqel M., and Hasan Z. Hypoglycemic effects of the volatile oil of Nigella sativa seeds. International Journal of Pharmacognosy 31 (1993) 96-100
10. Al-Hader A.A., Hasan Z.A., and Aqel M.B. Hyperglycemic and insulin release inhibitory effects of Rosmarinus officinalis. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 43 (1994) 217-221
11. Al-Khazraji S.M., Al-Shamaony L.A., and Twaij H.A. Hypoglycaemic effect of Artemisia herba-alba Asso. I. Effect of different parts and influence of the solvent on hypoglycaemic activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 40 (1993) 163-166
12. Al-Shamaony L., Al-Khazraji S.M., and Twaij H.A. Hypoglycaemic effect of Artemisia herba alba Asso. II. Effect of a valuable extract on some blood parameters in diabetic animals. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 43 (1994) 167-171
13. Al-Waili N.S.D. Treatment of diabetes mellitus by Artemisia herba-alba Asso extract: preliminary study. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 13 (1986) 569-573
14. Al-Waili N.S.D. Artemisia herba-alba Asso in diabetes mellitus. Clinical & Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology 15 (1988) 497
15. Al-Waili N.S.D. Artemisia herba-alba Asso for elevated blood pressure and heart rate. Medical Science Research 16 (1988) 889
16. Andrianova I.V., Fomchenkov I.V., and Orekhov A.N. Hypotensive effect of long-acting garlic tablets allicor (a double-blind placebo-controlled trial). Terapevticheskii Arkhiv 74 (2002) 76-78
17. Aquel M., and Hadidi M. Direct relaxant effect of Peganum harmala seed extract on smooth muscles of rabbit and guinea pig. International Journal of Pharmacognosy 29 (1991) 176-182
18. Artizzu N., Bonsignore L., Cottiglia F., and Loy G. Studies on the diuretic and antimicrobial activity of Cynodon dactylon essential oil. Fitoterapia 67 (1996) 174-176
19. Beaux D., Fleurentin J., and Mortier F. Diuretic action of hydroalcohol extracts of Foeniculum vulgare var. dulce (D.C.) roots in rats. Phytotherapy Research 11 (1997) 320-322
20. Bellakhdar, J., 1978. Médecine traditionnelle et toxicologie ouest-sahariènnes. Contribution à l'étude de la pharmacopée Marocaine. Editions techniques nord-africaines, Rabat.
21. Bellakhdar, J., 1997. La pharmacopée Marocaine Traditionnelle. Médecine Arabe ancienne et savoirs populaires. Ibis Press.
22. Bellakhdar J., Claisse R., Fleurentin J., and Younos C. Repertory of standard herbal drugs in the Moroccan pharmacopoeia. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 35 (1991) 123-143
23. Bellakhdar J., Honda G., and Miki W. Herb drugs and herbalists in the Maghreb (1982), Institute for the study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo
24. Bennani-Kabchi N., Fdhil H., Cherrah Y., El Bouayadi F., Kehel L., and Marquie G. Therapeutic effect of Olea europaea var. oleaster leaves on lipidic and carbohydrate metabolism in obese and prediabetic sand rats (Psammomys obesus). Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises 58 (2000) 271-277
25. Berrougui H., Herrera-Gonzalez M.D., Marhuenda E., Ettaib A., and Hmamouchi M. Relaxant activity of methanolic extract from seeds of Peganum harmala on isolated rat aorta. Therapie 57 (2002) 236-241
26. Bnouham M., Merhfour F.Z., Ziyyat A., Mekhfi H., Aziz M., and Legssyer A. Antihyperglycemic activity of the aqueous extract of Urtica dioica. Fitoterapia 74 (2003) 677-681
27. Bwititi P., and Musabayane C.T. The effects of plant extracts on plasma glucose levels in rats. Acta Medica et Biologica 45 (1997) 167-169
28. Campos K.E., Diniz Y.S., Cataneo A.C., Faine L.A., Alves M.J., and Novelli E.L. Hypoglycaemic and antioxidant effects of onion, Allium cepa: dietary onion addition, antioxidant activity and hypoglycaemic effects on diabetic rats. International Journal of Food Sciences & Nutrition 54 (2003) 241-246
29. Canal J.R., Torres M.D., Romero A., and Perez C. A chloroform extract obtained from a decoction of Ficus carica leaves improves the cholesterolaemic status of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Acta Physiologica Hungarica 87 (2000) 71-76
30. Chang M.L., and Johnson M.A. Effect of garlic on carbohydrate metabolism and lipid synthesis in rats. Journal of Nutrition 110 (1980) 931-936
31. Chithra V., and Leelamma S. Coriandrum sativum-mechanism of hypoglycemic action. Food Chemistry 67 (1999) 229-231
32. Circosta C., Occhiuto F., Toigo S., and Gregorio A. Studio comparativo dell'attività cardiovascolare di germogli e di foglie di Olea europaea. I. attività elettrica e sulla pressione arteriosa. Pharmacia mediterranea 16 (1986) 157
33. Das A.K., Mandal S.C., Banerjee S.K., Sinha S., Saha B.P., and Pal M. Studies on the hypoglycaemic activity of Punica granatum seed in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Phytotherapy Research 15 (2001) 628-629
34. Devi B.A., Kamalakkannan N., and Prince P.S. Supplementation of fenugreek leaves to diabetic rats. Effect on carbohydrate metabolic enzymes in diabetic liver and kidney. Phytotherapy Research 17 (2003) 1231-1233
35. Duarte J., Pérez-Vizcaíno F., Torres A.I., Zarzuelo A., Jimenez J., and Tamargo J. Vasodilator effects of visnagin in isolated rat vascular smooth muscle. European Journal of Pharmacology 286 (1995) 115-122
36. Duarte J., Torres A.I., and Zarzuelo A. Cardiovascular effects of visnagin on rats. Planta Medica 66 (2000) 35-39
37. Eddouks M., Lemhadri A., and Michel J.-B. Caraway and caper: potential anti-hyperglycaemic plants in diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 94 (2004) 143-148
38. Eddouks M., Maghrani N., Zeggwagh N.-A., and Michel J.B. Study of the hypoglycaemic activity of Lepidium sativum L. aqueous extract in normal and diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 97 (2005) 391-395
39. Eddouks M., Maghrani M., Lemhadri A., Ouahidi M.-L., and Jouad H. Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiac diseases in the south-east region of Morocco (Tafilalet). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 82 (2002) 97-103
40. Eidi M., Eidi A., and Zamanizadeh M. Effect of Salvia officinalis L. leaves on serum glucose and insulin in healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 100 (2005) 310-313
41. El Bardai S., Lyoussi B., Wibo M., and Morel N. Pharmacological evidence of hypotensive activity of Marrubium vulgare and Foeniculum vulgare in spontaneously hypertensive rat. Clinical and Experimental Hypertension 23 (2001) 329-343
42. El Bardai S., Lyoussi B., Wibo M., and Morel N. Comparative study of the antihypertensive activity of Marrubium vulgare and of the dihydropyridine calcium antagonist amlodipine in spontaneously hypertensive rat. Clinical & Experimental Hypertension (New York) 26 (2004) 465-474
43. El Bardai S., Morel N., Wibo M., Fabre N., Llabres G., Lyoussi B., and Quetin-Leclercq J. The vasorelaxant activity of marrubenol and marrubiin from Marrubium vulgare. Planta Medica 69 (2003) 75-77
44. El Beghdadi, M., 1991. Pharmacopée traditionnelle du Maroc. Les plantes médicinales et les affections du système cardio-vasculaire. Thèse de Pharmacie. Fac. Méd. Pharm. Rabat.
45. El-Dakhakhny M., Mady N., Lembert N., and Ammon H.P.T. The hypoglycemic effect of Nigella sativa oil is mediated by extrapancreatic actions. Planta Medica 68 (2002) 465-466
46. El-Demerdash F.M., Yousef M.I., and El-Naga N.I. Biochemical study on the hypoglycemic effects of onion and garlic in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Food & Chemical Toxicology 43 (2005) 57-63
47. Elfellah M.S., Akhtar M.H., and Khan M.T. Anti-hyperglycaemic effect of an extract of Myrtus communis in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 11 (1984) 275-281
48. Elhajili M., Baddouri K., Elkabbaj S., Meiouat F., and Settaf A. Diuretic activity of the flowers infusion of Lavandula officinalis. Reproduction, Nutrition, Development 41 (2001) 393-399
49. El-Hilaly J., and Lyoussi B. Hypoglycaemic effect of the lyophilised aqueous extract of Ajuga iva in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 80 (2002) 109-113
50. El-Hilaly J., Hmammouchi M., and Lyoussi B. Ethnobotanical studies and economic evaluation of medicinal plant in Taounate province (Northern Morocco). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 86 (2003) 149-158
51. El-Hilaly J., Lyoussi B., Wibo M., and Morel N. Vasorelaxant effect of the aqueous extract of Ajuga iva in rat aorta. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 93 (2004) 69-74
52. El Tahir K.E.H., Ashour M.M.S., and Al-Harbi M.M. The cardiovascular actions of the volatile oil of the black seed (Nigella sativa) in rats: elucidation of the mechanism of action. General Pharmacology 24 (1993) 1123-1131
53. Enigbokan M.A., Felder T.B., Thompson J.O., Kuti J.O., and Ekpenyong K.I. Hypoglycaemic effects of Opuntia ficus-indica Mill., Opuntia lindheimeri Engelm and Opuntia robusta Wendl. in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Phytotherapy Research 10 (1996) 379-382
54. Erenmemisoglu A., Saraymen R., and Ustun S. Effect of Rosmarinus officinalis leave extract on plasma glucose levels in normoglycaemic and diabetic mice. Pharmazie 52 (1997) 645-646
55. Fararh K.M., Atoji Y., Shimizu Y., Shiina T., Nikami H., and Takewaki T. Mechanisms of the hypoglycaemic and immunopotentiating effects of Nigella sativa L. oil in streptozotocin-induced diabetic hamsters. Research in Veterinary Science 77 (2004) 123-129
56. Farzami B., Ahmadvand D., Vardasbi S., Majin F.J., and Khaghani Sh. Induction of insulin secretion by a component of Urtica dioica leave extract in perfused Islets of Langerhans and its in vivo effects in normal and streptozotocin diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 89 (2003) 47-53
57. Fennane, M., Ibn Tattou, M., J Mathez, J., Ouyahya, A., Oualidi, J., 1999. Flore Pratique du Maroc, vol. 1: Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae, Angiospermae (Lauraceae-Neuradaceae): Manuel de Determination Travaux de l'institut scientifique serie botanique 36, 558 pages, b/w illus. Departement de Botanique et D'écologie végétale.
58. Frati A.C., Jimenez E., and Raul Ariza C. Hypoglycemic effect of Opuntia ficus-indica in non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients. Phytotherapy Research 4 (1990) 195-197
59. Gallagher A.M., Flatt P.R., Duffy G., and Abdel-Wahab Y.H.A. The effects of traditional antidiabetic plants on in vitro glucose diffusion. Nutrition Research 23 (2003) 413-424
60. Gamez M.J., Jimenez J., Risco S., and Zarzuelo A. Hypoglycemic activity in various species of the genus Lavandula. Part 1: Lavandula stoechas L. and Lavandula multifida L. Pharmazie 42 (1987) 706-707
61. Gilani A.H., Khan A.-U., Shah A.J., Connor J., and Jabeen Q. Blood pressure lowering effect of olive is mediated through calcium channel blockade. International Journal of Food Sciences & Nutrition 56 (2005) 613-620
62. Gray A.M., and Flatt P.R. Insulin-releasing and insulin-like activity of the traditional anti-diabetic plant Coriandrum sativum (coriander). British Journal of Nutrition 81 (1999) 203-209
63. Gupta A., Gupta R., and Lal B. Effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) seeds on glycaemic control and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double blind placebo controlled study. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 49 (2001) 1057-1061
64. Haloui M., Louedec L., Michel J.B., and Lyoussi B. Experimental diuretic effects of Rosmarinus officinalis and Centaurium erythraea. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 71 (2000) 465-472
65. Hamdani, S.E., 1984. Médecine traditionnelle à Boujaâd. Thèse de Pharmacie. Fac. Méd. Pharm. Rabat.
66. Hawsawi Z.A., Ali B.A., and Bamosa A.O. Effect of Nigella sativa (black seed) and thymoquinone on blood glucose in albino rats. Annals of Saudi Medicine 21 (2001) 242-244
67. Herrera-Arellano A., Aguilar-Santamaría L., García-Hernández B., Nicasio-Torres P., and Tortoriello J. Clinical trial of Cecropia obtusifolia and Marrubium vulgare leaf extracts on blood glucose and serum lipids in type 2 diabetics. Phytomedicine 11 (2004) 561-566
68. Hmammouchi, M., 1999. Les plantes médicinales et aromatiques marocaines. Utilisations, biologie, écologie, chimie, pharmacologie, toxicologie et lexiques. Imprimerie Fédala. Rabat-Instituts, 450 p.
69. Huang T.H.W., Peng G., Kota B.P., Li G.Q., Yamahara J., Roufogalis B.D., and Li Y. Anti-diabetic action of Punica granatum flower extract: activation of PPAR-gamma and identification of an active component. Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology 207 (2005) 160-169
70. Hussain Z., Waheed A., Qureshi R.A., Burdi D.K., Verspohl E.J., Khan N., and Hasan M. The effect of medicinal plants of Islamabad and murree region of Pakistan on insulin secretion from INS-1 cells. Phytotherapy Research 18 (2004) 73-77
71. Jafri M.A., Aslam M., Javed K., and Singh S. Effect of Punica granatum Linn. (flowers) on blood glucose level in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 70 (2000) 309-314
72. Jahandiez, E., Maire, R., 1931/1934. Catalogue des plantes du Maroc. 3 vols. Minera, Le Chevalier, Alger.
73. Jaouad, L., 1992. Enquête ethnobotanique: La part de la médecine traditionnelle dans les différentes couches socio-économiques de la population de Casablanca. Thèse de Pharmacie. Fac. Méd. Pharm. Rabat.
74. Jaouhari J.T., Lazrek H.B., and Jana M. The hypoglycemic activity of Zygophyllum gaetulum extracts in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 69 (2000) 17-20
75. Jaouhari J.T., Lazrek H.B., Seddik A., and Jana M. Hypoglycaemic response to Zygophyllum gaetulum extracts in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 64 (2000) 211-217
76. Jelodar G.A., Maleki M., Motadayen M.H., and Sirus S. Effect of fenugreek, onion and garlic on blood glucose and histopathology of pancreas of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Indian Journal of Medical Sciences 59 (2005) 64-69
77. Jouad H., Haloui M., Rhiouani H., El-Hilaly J., and Eddouks M. Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used for the treatment of diabetes, cardiac and renal diseases in the North centre region of Morocco (Fez-Boulemane). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 77 (2001) 175-182
78. Jouad H., Maghrani M., and Eddouks M. Hypoglycemic effect of aqueous extract of Ammi visnaga in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy 2 (2002) 19-29
79. Jouad H., Maghrani M., El Hassani R.A., and Eddouks M. Hypoglycemic activity of aqueous extract of Eucalyptus globulus in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants 10 (2003) 19-28
80. Jung S.H., Lim S.S., Lee S., Lee Y.S., Shin K.H., and Kim Y.S. Aldose reductase inhibitory activity of methanol extracts from the Korean plants. Natural Product Sciences 9 (2003) 34-37
81. Kanter M., Meral I., Yener Z., Ozbek H., and Demir H. Partial regeneration/proliferation of the beta-cells in the Islets of Langerhans by Nigella sativa L. in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 201 (2003) 213-219
82. Kavalali G., Tuncel H., Goksel S., and Hatemi H.H. Hypoglycemic activity of fruits of Juglans regia L. on streptozotocin diabetic rats. Acta Pharmaceutica Turcica 44 (2002) 243-248
83. Kumari K., and Augusti K.T. Antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide isolated from onions (Allium cepa L.) as compared to standard drugs in alloxan diabetic rats. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 40 (2002) 1005-1009
84. Labhal, A., Settaf, A., Cherrah, Y., Ettaib, A., El Kabbaj, S., Amrani, A., El Fassi, R., Hassar, M., Seqat, M., Slaoui, A., 1994. Action antihypertensive de Nigella sativa chez le rat spontanément hypertendu (SHR). Actes du IV Congrès National d'Endocrinologie Comparée, Marrakech 15-17 Décembre, p. 106 (abstracts).
85. Labhal A., Settaf A., Zalagh F., Cherrah Y., Hassar M., and Slaoui A. Propriétés antidiabétiques des graines de Nigella sativa chez le Merione Shawi obèse et diabétique. Espérance médicale 47 (1999) 72-74
86. Le P.M., Benhaddou-Andaloussi A., Elimadi A., Settaf A., Cherrah Y., and Haddad P.S. The petroleum ether extract of Nigella sativa exerts lipid-lowering and insulin-sensitizing actions in the rat. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 94 (2004) 251-259
87. Legssyer A., Ziyyat A., Mekhfi H., Bnouham M., Tahri A., Serhrouchni M., Hoerter J., and Fischmeister R. Cardiovascular effects of Urtica dioica L. in isolated rat heart and aorta. Phytotherapy Research 16 (2002) 503-507
88. Lemhadri A., Zeggwagh N.A., Maghrani M., Jouad H., and Eddouks M. Anti-hyperglycaemic activity of the aqueous extract of Origanum vulgare growing wild in Tafilalet region. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 92 (2004) 251-256
89. Li Y., Wen S., Kota B.P., Peng G., Li G.Q., Yamahara J., and Roufogalis B.D. Punica granatum flower extract, a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor, improves postprandial hyperglycemia in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 99 (2005) 239-244
90. Maghrani M., Zeggwagh N.A., Michel J.-P., and Eddouks M. Antihypertensive effect of Lepidium sativum L. in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 100 (2005) 193-197
91. Maire R. Flore de l'Afrique du Nord vol. 15 (1952), Le Chevalier, Paris
92. Malik Z.A., and Siddiqui S. Hypotensive effect of freeze-dried garlic (Allium sativum) sap in dogs. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association 13 (1981) 12-13
93. Mansi K.M.S. Effects of oral administration of water extract of Nigella sativa on the hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis in experimental diabetes. International Journal of Pharmacology 2 (2006) 104-109
94. Marrif H.I., Ali B.H., and Hassan K.M. Some pharmacological studies on Artemisia herba-alba Asso. in rabbits and mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 49 (1995) 51-55
95. Maruyama S., Miyoshi S., and Tanaka H. Angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitors derived from Ficus carica. Agricultural & Biological Chemistry 53 (1989) 2763-2767
96. Mathew P.T., and Augusti K.T. Hypoglycaemic effects of onion, Allium cepa Linn. on diabetes mellitus-a preliminary report. Indian Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 19 (1975) 213-217
97. Medhin D.G., Hadhazy Bakos P., and Verzar-Petri G. Hypotensive effects of Lupinus termis and Coriandrum sativum in anaesthetized rats. A preliminary study. Acta Pharmaceutica Hungarica 56 (1986) 59-63
98. Miura T., Toyoda H., Miyake M., Ishihara E., Usami M., and Tanigawa K. Hypoglycemic action of stigma of Zea mays L. in normal and diabetic mice. Natural Medicines 50 (1996) 363-365
99. Nabih, M., 1992. Secrets et vertus thérapeutiques des plantes médicinales utilisées en médecine traditionnelle dans la province de Settat. Thèse de Pharmacie. Fac. Méd. Pharm. Rabat.
100. Neef H., Declercq P., and Laekeman G. Hypoglycaemic activity of selected European plants. Phytotherapy Research 9 (1995) 45-48
101. Negre R. Petite flore des régions arides du Maroc occidental vol. 2 (1961), CNRS, Paris
102. Neuhaus-Carlisle K., Vierling W., and Wagner H. Calcium-antagonistic activity of extracts and constituents of Petroselinum crispum and other phenylpropane derivatives. Planta Medica 59 (1993) A582
103. Nmila R., Gross R., Rchid H., Roye M., Manteghetti M., Petit P., Tijane M., Ribes G., and Sauvaire Y. Insulinotropic effect of Citrullus colocynthis fruit extracts. Planta Medica 66 (2000) 418-423
104. Novaes A.P., Rossi C., Poffo C., Pretti Junior E., Oliveira A.E., Schlemper V., Niero R., Cechinel-Filho V., and Burger C. Preliminary evaluation of the hypoglycemic effect of some Brazilian medicinal plants. Therapie 56 (2001) 427-430
105. Okyar A., Can A., Akev N., Baktir G., and Sutlupinar N. Effect of Aloe vera leaves on blood glucose level in type I and type II diabetic rat models. Phytotherapy Research 15 (2001) 157-161
106. Onal S., Timur S., Okutucu B., and Zihnioglu F. Inhibition of alpha-glucosidase by aqueous extracts of some potent antidiabetic medicinal herbs. Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology 35 (2005) 29-36
107. Orhan N., Aslan M., Orhan D.D., Ergun F., and Yeşilada E. In-vivo assessment of antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of grapevine leaves (Vitis vinifera) in diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 108 (2006) 280-286
108. Ozbek H., Ozturk M., Bayram I., Ugras S., and Citoglu G.S. Hypoglycemic and hepatoprotective effects of Foeniculum vulgare Miller seed fixed oil extract in mice and rats. Eastern Journal of Medicine 8 (2003) 35-40
109. Ozenda P. Flore du Sahara (Deuxième édition revue et complétée) (1977), CNRS, Paris
110. Pantoja C.V., Chiang L.C., Norris B.C., and Concha J.B. Diuretic, natriuretic and hypotensive effects produced by Allium sativum (garlic) in anaesthetized dogs. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 31 (1991) 321-331
111. Perez C., Canal J.R., and Torres M.D. Experimental diabetes treated with Ficus carica extract: effect on oxidative stress parameters. Acta Diabetologica 40 (2003) 3-8
112. Perez C., Dominguez E., Canal J.R., Campillo J.E., and Torres M.D. Hypoglycaemic activity of an aqueous extract from Ficus carica (fig tree) leaves in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Pharmaceutical Biology 38 (2000) 181-186
113. Perusquia M., Mendoza S., Bye R., Linares E., and Mata R. Vasoactive effects of aqueous extracts from five Mexican medicinal plants on isolated rat aorta. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 46 (1995) 63-69
114. Raghuram T.G., Sharma R.D., Sivakumar B., and Sahay B.K. Effect of funegreek seeds on intravenous glucose disposition in non insulin dependent diabetic patients. Phytotherapy Research 8 (1994) 83-86
115. Rajasekaran S., Sivagnanam K., Ravi K., and Subramanian S. Hypoglycemic effect of aloe vera gel on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in experimental rats. Journal of Medicinal Food 7 (2004) 61-66
116. Rajasekaran S., Ravi K., Sivagnanam K., and Subramanian S. Beneficial effects of aloe vera leaf gel extract on lipid profile status in rats with streptozotocin diabetes. Clinical & Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology 33 (2006) 232-237
117. Raju J., Gupta D., Rao A.R., Yadava P.K., and Baquer N.Z. Trigonella foenum graecum (fenugreek) seed powder improves glucose homeostasis in alloxan diabetic rat tissues by reversing the altered glycolytic, gluconeogenic and lipogenic enzymes. Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry 224 (2001) 45-51
118. Rchid H., Chevassus H., Nmila R., Guiral C., Petit P., Chokairi M., and Sauvaire Y. Nigella sativa seed extracts enhance glucose-induced insulin release from rat-isolated Langerhans islets. Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology 18 (2004) 525-529
119. Rhiouani H., Settaf A., Lyoussi B., Cherrah Y., and Hassar M. Action diurétique des saponines de Herniaria glabra chez le rat spontanément hypertendu. Espérance Médicale 47 (1999) 68-71
120. Rhiouani H., Settaf A., Lyoussi B., Cherrah Y., Lacaille-Dubois M.A., and Hassar M. Effects of saponins from Herniaria glabra on blood pressure and renal function in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Therapie 54 (1999) 735-739
121. Rhiouani H., Lyoussi B., Settaf A., Cherrah Y., and Hassar M. Antihypertensive effect of Herniaria glabra saponins in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises 59 (2001) 211-214
122. Riyad M.A., Abdul-Salam S.A., and Mohammad S.S. Effect of fenugreek and lupine seeds on the development of experimental diabetes in rats. Planta Medica 54 (1988) 286-290
123. Roman Ramos R., Alarcon-Aguilar F., Lara-Lemus A., and Flores-Saenz J.L. Hypoglycemic effect of plants used in Mexico as antidiabetics. Archives of Medical Research 23 (1992) 59-64
124. Roman-Ramos R., Flores-Saenz J.L., and Alarcon-Aguilar F.J. Anti-hyperglycemic effect of some edible plants. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 48 (1995) 25-32
125. Sepici A., Gurbuz I., Cevik C., and Yesilada E. Hypoglycaemic effects of myrtle oil in normal and alloxan-diabetic rabbits. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 93 (2004) 311-318
126. Serraclara A., Hawkins F., Perez C., Dominguez E., Campillo J.E., and Torres M.D. Hypoglycemic action of an oral fig-leaf decoction in type-I diabetic patients. Diabetes Research & Clinical Practice 39 (1998) 19-22
127. Sharma R.D., Raghuram T.C., and Rao N.S. Effect of fenugreek seeds on blood glucose and serum lipids in type I diabetes. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 44 (1990) 301-306
128. Sheela C.G., and Augusti K.T. Antidiabetic effects of S-allyl cysteine sulphoxide isolated from garlic Allium sativum Linn. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 30 (1992) 523-526
129. Sheela C.G., Kumud K., and Augusti K.T. Anti-diabetic effects of onion and garlic sulphoxide amino acids in rats. Planta Medica 61 (1995) 356-357
130. Shi C.-C., Chen S.-Y., Wang G.-J., Liao J.-F., and Chen C.-F. Vasorelaxant effect of harman. European Journal of Pharmacology 390 (2000) 319-325
131. Shi C.-C., Liao J.-F., and Chen C.-F. Comparative study on the vasorelaxant effects of three harmala alkaloids in vitro. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 85 (2001) 299-305
132. Shin J., Han M.J., Lee I.-K., Moon Y.I., and Kim D.-H. Hypoglycemic activity of Opuntia ficus-indica var. sabotan on alloxan- or streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy 34 (2003) 75-79
133. Sial A.Y., and Ahmad S.I. Study of the hypotensive action of garlic extract in experimental animals. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 32 (1982) 237-239
134. Sijelmassi, A., 1993. Les plantes médicinales du Maroc. Edition fenugrec, Casablanca, p.47-129.
135. Skim F., Lazrek H.B., Kaaya A., El Amri H., and Jana M. Pharmacological studies of two antidiabetic plants: Globularia alypum and Zygophyllum gaetulum. Therapie 54 (1999) 711-715
136. Swanston-Flatt S.K., Day C., Bailey C.J., and Flatt P.R. Traditional plant treatments for diabetes. Studies in normal and streptozotocin diabetic mice. Diabetologia 33 (1990) 462-464
137. Swanston-Flatt S.K., Day C., Flatt P.R., Gould B.J., and Bailey C.J. Glycaemic effects of traditional European plant treatments for diabetes. Studies in normal and streptozotocin diabetic mice. Diabetes Research 10 (1989) 69-73
138. Tahri A., Yamani S., Legssyer A., Aziz M., Mekhfi H., Bnouham M., and Ziyyat A. Acute diuretic, natriuretic and hypotensive effects of a continuous perfusion of aqueous extract of Urtica dioica in the rat. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 73 (2000) 95-100
139. Testai L., Chericoni S., Calderone V., Nencioni G., Nieri P., Morelli I., and Martinotti E. Cardiovascular effects of Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae) roots extracts: in vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 81 (2002) 105-109
140. Twaij H.A., and Al-Badr A.A. Hypoglycemic activity of Artemisia herba-alba Asso. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 24 (1988) 123-126
141. Yanardag R., Bolkent S., Tabakoglu-Oguz A., and Ozsoy-Sacan O. Effects of Petroselinum crispum extract on pancreatic B cells and blood glucose of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 26 (2003) 1206-1210
142. Zaoui A., Cherrah Y., Lacaille-Dubois M.A., Settaf A., Amarouch H., and Hassar M. Diuretic and hypotensive effects of Nigella sativa on the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Therapie 55 (2000) 379-382
143. Ziyyat A., Legssyer A., Mekhfi H., Dassouli A., Serhrouchni M., and Benjelloun W. Phytotherapy of hypertension and diabetes in oriental Morocco. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 58 (1997) 45-54