Changes in the need for social approval, 1958-2001

Journal of Research in Personality

Volumn 41, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 171-189

  Twenge, Jean M ^a   Im, Charles ^a  

^a SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Birth cohort; Culture; Need for social approval; Response styles; Socially desirable responding

Indexed keywords

EID: 33846821629     PISSN: 00926566     EISSN: 10957251     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2006.03.006     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Bachman, J., Johnston, L., & O'Malley, P. (1998). Monitoring the future: Questionnaire responses from the nation's high school seniors, 1998 [and previous volumes]. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research.
2. Baumeister R.F., and Cairns K.J. Repression and self-presentation: when audiences interfere with self-deceptive strategies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 62 (1992) 851-862
3. Baumeister R.F., Dale K., and Sommer K. Freudian defense mechanisms and empirical findings in modern social psychology. Journal of Personality 66 (1998) 1081-1124
4. Bergeman C.S., Plomin R., McClearn G.E., Pedersen N.L., and Friberg L.T. Genotype-environment interaction in personality development: Identical twins reared apart. Psychology and Aging 3 (1988) 399-406
5. Bronfenbrenner U., McClelland P., Wethington E., Moen P., and Ceci S. The state of Americans: This generation and the next (1996), Free Press, New York
6. Caspi A. Personality in the life course. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 53 (1987) 1203-1213
7. Choi I., Nisbett R.E., and Norenzayan A. Causal attribution across cultures: variation and universality. Psychological Bulletin 125 (1999) 47-63
8. Crandall V.C., Crandall V.J., and Katkovsky W. A children's social desirability questionnaire. Journal of Consulting Psychology 29 (1965) 27-36
9. Crowne D.P., and Marlowe D. A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. Journal of Consulting Psychology 24 (1960) 349-354
10. Crowne D.P., and Marlowe D. The approval motive (1964), Wiley, New York
11. Dey E.L., Astin A.W., and Korn W.S. The American freshman: Twenty-five year trends, 1966-1990 (1992), Higher Education Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA
12. Dyer W.W. Your Erroneous Zones (1976), Avon, New York
13. Ellingson J.E., Sackett P.R., and Hough L.M. Social desirability corrections in personality measurement: issues of applicant comparison and construct validity. Journal of Applied Psychology 84 (1999) 155-166
14. Frum D. How we got here: The 70s, the decade that brought you modern life (for better or worse) (2000), Basic Books, New York
15. Fukuyama F. The great disruption: Human nature and the reconstitution of social order (1999), Free Press, New York
16. Gough, H.G. (1991). Scales and combinations of scales: what do they tell us, what do they mean? Paper presented at the 99th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, San Francisco, August 1991.
17. Gudjonsson G.H. Self-reported emotional disturbance and its relation to electrodermal reactivity, defensiveness, and trait anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences 2 (1981) 47-52
18. Heine S.J., and Lehman D.R. Culture, dissonance, and self-affirmation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 23 (1997) 389-400
19. Heine S.J., and Renshaw K. Interjudge agreement, self-enhancement, and liking: Cross-cultural divergences. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 28 (2002) 578-587
20. Heine S.J., Takata T., and Lehman D.R. Beyond self-presentation: evidence for self-criticism among Japanese. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 26 (2000) 71-78
21. Helson R., Jones C., and Kwan V.S.Y. Personality change over 40 years of adulthood: hierarchical linear modeling analyses of two longitudinal samples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 83 (2002) 752-766
22. Horton D.L., Marlowe D., and Crowne D.P. The effect of instructional set and need for social approval on commonality of work association responses. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 66 (1963) 67-72
23. Jamner L.D., Tursky B., and Leigh H. Discourse between verbal and non-verbal pain indices: the influence of repressive coping strategies. Psychophysiology 23 (1986) 419
24. King A.C., Taylor C.B., Albright C.A., and Haskall W.L. The relationship between repressive and defensive coping styles and blood pressure responses in healthy, middle-aged men and women. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 34 (1990) 461-471
25. Kitayama S., Markus H.R., Matsumoto H., and Norasakkunkit V. Individual and collective processes in the construction of the self: self-enhancement in the United States and self-criticism in Japan. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 72 (1997) 1245-1267
26. Klerman G.L., and Weissman M.M. Increasing rates of depression. Journal of the American Medical Association 261 (1989) 2229-2235
27. Kling K.C., Hyde J.S., Showers C.J., and Buswell B.N. Gender differences in self-esteem: a meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin 125 (1999) 470-500
28. Langinvaionio H., Kaprio J., Koskenvuo M., and Lonngvist J. Finnish twins reared apart: 3. Personality factors. Acta Geneticae Medicae of Gemellogiae 33 (1984) 259-264
29. Lewinsohn P., Rohde P., Seeley J., and Fischer S. Age-cohort changes in the lifetime occurrence of depression and other mental disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 102 (1993) 110-120
30. Lipsey M.R., and Wilson D.B. Practical meta-analysis (2001), Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA
31. Loehlin J.C. Genes and environment in personality development (1992), Sage, Newbery Park, CA
32. Markus H.R., and Kitayama S. Culture and the self: implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review 98 (1991) 224-253
33. Marlowe D., and Crowne D.P. Social desirability and response to perceived situational demands. Journal of Consulting Psychology 25 (1961) 109-115
34. McCrae R.R., and Costa P.T. Social desirability scales: more substance than style. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 51 (1983) 882-888
35. Middleton K.L., and Jones J.L. Socially desirable response sets: the impact of country culture. Psychology and Marketing 17 (2000) 149-163
36. Newman L.S., and Hedberg D.A. Repressive coping and the inaccessibility of negative autobiographical memories: converging evidence. Personality and Individual Differences 27 (1999) 45-53
37. Oliver M.B., and Hyde J.S. Gender differences in sexuality: a meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin 114 (1993) 29-51
38. Ones D.S., Viswesvaran C., and Reiss A.D. Role of social desirability in personality testing for personnel selection: the red herring. Journal of Applied Psychology 81 (1996) 660-679
39. Paulhus D.L. Measurement and control of response bias. In: Robinson J.P., Shaver P.R., and Wrightsman L.S. (Eds). Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes (1991), Academic Press, New York 17-59
40. Perrin S., and Spencer C. The Asch effect-a child of its time. Bulletin of the British Psychological Society 33 (1980) 405-406
41. Piedmont R.L., McCrae R.R., Riemann R., and Angleitner A. On the invalidity of validity scales: evidence from self-reports and observer ratings in volunteer samples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 78 (2000) 582-593
42. Reiss D. Mechanisms linking genetic and social influences in adolescent development: beginning a collaborative search. Current Directions in Psychological Science 6 (1997) 100-105
43. Roberts B.W., and Helson R. Changes in culture, changes in personality: the influence of individualism in a longitudinal study of women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 72 (1997) 641-651
44. Rosenthal R., Rosnow R.L., and Rubin D.R. Contrasts and effect sizes in research: A correlational approach (2000), Cambridge University Press, New York
45. Ross C.E., and Mirowsky J. Socially-desirable response and acquiescence in a cross-cultural survey of mental health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 25 (1984) 189-197
46. Rowe D.C. As the twig is bent? The myth of child-rearing influences on personality development. Journal of Counseling and Development 68 (1990) 606-611
47. Shadish W.R., and Haddock C.K. Combining estimates of effect size. In: Cooper H., and Hedges L.V. (Eds). The handbook of research synthesis (1994), Russell Sage Foundation, New York
48. Shields J. Monozygotic twins brought up apart and together (1962), Oxford University Press, London
49. Statistical Abstract of the United States (2005). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
50. Stewart A.J., and Healy J.M. Linking individual development and social changes. American Psychologist 44 (1989) 30-42
51. Strauss W., and Howe N. Generations: The history of America's future, 1584-2069 (1991), William Morrow, New York
52. Strickland B.R., and Crowne D.P. Conformity under conditions of simulated group pressure as a function of the need for social approval. Journal of Social Psychology 58 (1962) 171-181
53. Suh E., Diener E., Oishi S., and Triandis H.C. The shifting basis of life satisfaction judgments across cultures: emotions versus norms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74 (1998) 482-493
54. Swindle R., Heller K., Pescosolido B., and Kikuzawa S. Responses to nervous breakdowns in America over a 40-year period. American Psychologist 55 (2000) 740-749
55. Tanaka-Matsumi J., and Kameoka V.A. Reliabilities and concurrent validities of popular self-report measures of depression, anxiety, and social desirability. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 54 (1986) 328-333
56. Trinkaus J. Cutting corners: an informal look. Perceptual and Motor Skills 79 (1994) 1089-1090
57. Trinkaus J. Stop sign compliance: a final look. Perceptual and Motor Skills 85 (1997) 217-218
58. Trinkaus J. Compliance with a school zone speed limit: another look. Perceptual and Motor Skills 87 (1998) 673-674
59. Trinkaus J. Honesty when lighting votive candles in church: an informal look. Psychological Reports 94 (2004) 1435-1436
60. Twenge J.M. The age of anxiety? Birth cohort change in anxiety and neuroticism, 1952-1993. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 79 (2000) 1007-1021
61. Twenge J.M. Birth cohort changes in extraversion: a cross-temporal meta-analysis, 1966-1993. Personality and Individual Differences 30 (2001) 735-748
62. Twenge J.M. Changes in women's assertiveness in response to status and roles: a cross-temporal meta-analysis, 1931-1993. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81 (2001) 133-145
63. Twenge J.M. Generation Me: Why today's young people are more confident, assertive, entitled-and more miserable than ever before (2006), Free Press, New York
64. Twenge J.M., and Campbell W.K. Age and birth cohort differences in self-esteem: a cross-temporal meta-analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Review 5 (2001) 321-344
65. Twenge J.M., and Crocker J. Race and self-esteem: Meta-analyses comparing Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and American Indians. Psychological Bulletin 128 (2002) 371-408
66. Twenge J.M., Zhang L., and Im C. It's beyond my control: a cross-temporal meta-analysis of increasing externality in locus of control, 1960-2002. Personality and Social Psychology Review 8 (2004) 308-319
67. Weinberger D.A., Schwartz G.E., and Davidson R.J. Low anxious, high-anxious and expressive coping styles: psychometric patterns and behavioral and physiological responses to stress. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 88 (1979) 369-380
68. Yankelovich D. New rules: Searching for self-fulfillment in a world turned upside down (1981), Random House, New York