Coregulator exchange and sphingosine-sensitive cooperativity of steroidogenic factor-1, general control nonderepressed 5, p54, and p160 coactivators regulate cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate-dependent cytochrome P450c17 transcription rate

Molecular Endocrinology

Volumn 21, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 415-438

  Dammer, Eric B ^a   Leon, Adam ^a   Sewer, Marion B ^a  

^a GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACYLTRANSFERASE; ANTIBODY; CORTICOTROPIN; CYCLIC AMP; CYCLIC AMP RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING PROTEIN; CYTOCHROME P450 17; CYTOCHROME P450C17; HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE; HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE GCN5; HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE PCAF; HISTONE LYSINE METHYLTRANSFERASE; NUCLEAR RECEPTOR COREPRESSOR; NUCLEAR RECEPTOR DAX 1; POLYPYRIMIDINE TRACT BINDING PROTEIN; PROTEIN P160; PROTEIN P54; PROTEIN SWI; REGULATOR PROTEIN; RNA POLYMERASE II; SPHINGOSINE; STEROID RECEPTOR COACTIVATOR 1; STEROIDOGENIC FACTOR 1; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR SIN3A; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR SNF;

ACETYLATION; ARTICLE; CELL SYNCHRONIZATION; CHROMATIN ASSEMBLY AND DISASSEMBLY; CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION; COMPLEX FORMATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DNA RESPONSIVE ELEMENT; ENZYME ACTIVITY; GENE ACTIVATION; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; NUCLEOSOME; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN BINDING; PROTEIN INTERACTION; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RNA ISOLATION; STEROIDOGENESIS; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

ACETYLATION; AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; BUCLADESINE; CELL CYCLE PROTEINS; CELL LINE; CHROMATIN ASSEMBLY AND DISASSEMBLY; CYCLIC AMP; DNA POLYMERASE II; HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASES; HOMEODOMAIN PROTEINS; HUMANS; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; NUCLEAR MATRIX-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS; OCTAMER TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; PROMOTER REGIONS (GENETICS); PROTEIN BINDING; RECEPTORS, CYTOPLASMIC AND NUCLEAR; RNA-BINDING PROTEINS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SPHINGOSINE; STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE; TRANS-ACTIVATION (GENETICS); TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS;

MAMMALIA;

EID: 33846707882     PISSN: 08888809     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1210/me.2006-0361     Document Type: Article

References (113)

1. Zanger UM, Kagawa N, Lund J, Waterman MR 1992 Distinct biochemical mechanisms for cAMP-dependent transcription of CYP17 and CYP21. FASEB J 6:719-723
2. Sewer MB, Waterman MR 2003 ACTH modulation of transcription factors responsible for steroid hydroxylase gene expression in the adrenal cortex. Microsc Res Tech 61:300-307
3. nrb/NonO, protein-associated splicing factor, and SF-1, a complex that also participates in repression of transcription. Endocrinology 143:1280-1290
4. Sewer MB, Waterman MR 2002 Adrenocorticotropin/cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate-mediated transcription of the human CYP17 gene in the adrenal cortex is dependent on phosphatase activity. Endocrinology 143:1769-1777
5. nrb Associates with the 5′ splice site within large transcription/splicing complexes. EMBO J 23:1782-1791
6. Rosonina E, Ip JYY, Calarco JA, Bakowski MA, Emili A, McCracken S, Tucker P, Ingles CJ, Blencowe BJ 2005 Role for PSF in mediating transcriptional activator-dependent stimulation of pre-mRNA processing in vivo. Mol Cell Biol 25:6734-6746
7. nrb Acts as a transcriptional coactivator for activation function 1 of the human androgen receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 306:660-665
8. Mathur M, Tucker PW, Samuels HH 2001 PSF is a novel corepressor that mediates its effect through Sin3A and the DNA binding domain of nuclear hormone receptors. Mol Cell Biol 21:2298-2311
9. Hammer GD, Parker KL, Schimmer BP 2005 Minireview: transcriptional regulation of adrenocortical development. Endocrinology 146:1018-1024
10. Zhao L, Bakke M, Hanley NA, Majdic G, Stallings NR, Jeyasuria P, Parker KL 2004 Tissue-specific knockouts of steroidogenic factor 1. Mol Cell Endocrinol 215:89-94
11. Achermann JC, Ozisik G, Ito M, Orun UA, Harmanci K, Gurakan B, Jameson JL 2002 Gonadal determination and adrenal development are regulated by the orphan nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor-1, in a dose-dependent manner. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:1829-1833
12. Fatchiyah, Zubair M, Shima Y, Oka S, Ishihara S, Fukui-Katoh Y, Morohashi K-I 2006 Differential gene dosage effects of Ad4BP/SF-1 on target tissue development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 341:1036-1045
13. Morohashi K-I 1999 Gonadal and extragonadal functions of Ad4BP/SF-1: developmental aspects. Trends Endocrinol Metab 10:169-173
14. Ikeda Y, Shen W-H, Ingraham HA, Parker KL 1994 Developmental expression of mouse steroidogenic factor-1, an essential regulator of the steroid hydroxylases. Mol Endocrinol 8:652-662
15. Tran PV, Lee MB, Marin O, Xu B, Jones KR, Reichardt LF, Rubenstein JR, Ingraham HA 2003 Requirement of the orphan nuclear receptor SF-1 in terminal differentiation of ventromedial hypothalamic neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 22:441-453
16. Bland ML, Fowkes RC, Ingraham HA 2004 Differential requirement for steroidogenic factor-1 gene dosage in adrenal development versus endocrine function. Mol Endocrinol 18:941-952
17. Luo X, Ikeda Y, Parker KL 1994 A cell-specific nuclear receptor is essential for adrenal and gonadal development and sexual differentiation. Cell 77:481-490
18. Ikeda Y, Luo X, Abbud R, Nilson JH, Parker KL 1995 Steroidogenic factor 1 is essential for the formation of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. Mol Endocrinol 9:478-486
19. Zhao L, Bakke M, Parker KL 2001 Pituitary-specific knockout of steroidogenic factor 1. Mol Cell Endocrinol 185:27-32
20. McKenna NJ, O'Malley BW 2003 Nuclear receptor coregulators. Pure Appl Chem 75:1665-1669
21. McKenna NJ, Xu J, Nawaz Z, Tsai SY, Tsai M-J, O'Malley BW 1999 Nuclear receptor coactivators: multiple enzymes, multiple complexes, multiple functions. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 69:3-12
22. McKenna NJ, Nawaz Z, Tsai SY, Tsai M-J, O'Malley BW 1998 Distinct steady-state nuclear receptor coregulator complexes exist in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 11697-11702
23. Lonard DM, O'Malley BW 2005 Expanding functional diversity of the coactivators. Trends Biochem Sci 30: 126-132
24. Jung SY, Malovannaya A, Wei J, O'Malley BW, Qin J 2005 Proteomic analysis of steady-state nuclear hormone receptor coactivator complexes. Mol Endocrinol 19:2451-2465
25. Ezhkova E, Tansey WP 2004 Proteasomal ATPases link ubiquitylation of histone H2B to methylation of histone H3. Mol Cell 13:435-442
26. Spencer TE, Jenster G, Burcin MM, Allis CD, Zhou J, Mizzen CA, McKenna NJ, Oñate SA, Tsai SY, Tsai M-J, O'Malley BW 1997 Steroid receptor coactivator-1 is a histone acetyltransferase. Nature 389:194-198
27. Chen H, Lin RJ, Schiltz RL, Chakravarti D, Nash A, Nagy L, Privalsky ML, Nakatani Y, Evans RM 1997 Nuclear receptor coactivator ACTR is a novel histone acetyltransferase and forms a multimeric activation complex with P/CAF and CBP/p300. Cell 90:569-580
28. An W, Kim J, Roeder RG 2004 Ordered cooperative functions of PRMT1, p300, and CARM1 in transcriptional activation by p53. Cell 117:735-748
29. Vo N, Goodman RH 2001 CREB-binding protein and p300 in transcriptional regulation. J Biol Chem 276: 13505-13508
30. Chen J, Kinyamu K, Archer TK 2006 Changes in attitude, changes in latitude: nuclear receptors remodeling chromatin to regulate transcription. Mol Endocrinol 20:1-13
31. Reid G, Hübner MR, Métivier R, Brand H, Denger S, Manu D, Beaudouin J, Ellenberg J, Gannon F 2003 Cyclic, proteasome-mediated turnover of unliganded and liganded ERα on responsive promoters is an integral feature of estrogen signaling. Mol Cell 11:695-707
32. Adhikary S, Marinoni F, Hock A, Hulleman E, Popov N, Beier R, Bernard S, Quarto M, Capra M, Goettig S, Kogel U, Scheffner M, Helin K, Eilers M 2005 The ubiquitin ligase HectH9 regulates transcriptional activation by Myc and is essential for tumor cell proliferation. Cell 123:409-421
33. Auboeuf D, Dowhan DH, Dutertre M, Martin N, Berget SM, O'Malley BW 2005 A subset of nuclear receptor coregulators act as coupling proteins during synthesis and maturation of RNA transcripts. Mol Cell Biol 25: 5307-5316
34. nrb/NonO: multi-functional nuclear proteins. FEBS Lett 531:109-114
35. Chen H, Lin R, Xie W, Wilpitz D, Evans R 1999 Regulation of hormone-induced histone hyperacetylation and gene activation via acetylation of an acetylase. Cell 98:675-686
36. Chauchereau A, Amazit L, Quesne M, Guiochon-Mantel A, Milgrom E 2003 Sumoylation of the progesterone receptor and of the steroid receptor coactivator SRC-1. J Biol Chem 278:12335-12343
37. Chen W-Y, Juan L-J, Chung B-c 2005 SF-1 (nuclear recxeptor 5A1) activity is activated by cyclic AMP via p300-mediated recruitment to active foci, acetylation, and increased DNA binding. Mol Cell Biol 25:10442-10453
38. Vo N, Fjeld C, Goodman RH 2001 Acetylation of nuclear hormone receptor-interacting protein RIP140 regulates binding of the transcriptional corepressor CtBP. Mol Cell Biol 21:6181-6188
39. Perissi V, Rosenfeld MG 2005 Controlling nuclear receptors: the circular logic of cofactor cycles. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:542-554
40. Métivier R, Penot G, Hübner MR, Reid G, Brand H, Kos M, Gannon F 2003 Estrogen receptor-α directs ordered, cyclical, and combinatorial recruitment of cofactors on a natural target promoter. Cell 115:751-763
41. Smith CL, O'Malley BW 2004 Coregulator function: a key to understanding tissue specificity of selective receptor modulators. Endocr Rev 25:45-71
42. Gronemeyer H, Gustafsson J-Å, Laudet V 2004 Principles for modulation of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Nat Rev Drug Discov 3:950-964
43. Mellor J 2005 The dynamics of chromatin remodeling at promoters. Mol Cell 19:147-157
44. Shang Y, Hu X, DiRenzo J, Lazar MA, Brown M 2000 Cofactor dynamics and sufficiency in estrogen receptor-regulated transcription. Cell 103:843-852
45. Winnay JN, Hammer GD 2006 ACTH-mediated signaling cascades coordinate a cyclic pattern of SF-1-dependent transcriptional activation. Mol Endocrinol 20:147-166
46. Hiroi H, Christenson LK, Chang L, Sammel MD, Berger SL, Strauss JFI 2004 Temporal and spatial changes in transcription factor binding and histone modifications at the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) locus associated with StAR transcription. Mol Endocrinol 18:791-806
47. Urs AN, Dammer E, Sewer MB 2006 Sphingosine regulates the transcription of CYP17 by binding to steroidogenic factor-1. Endocrinology 147:5249-5258
48. Sewer MB, Waterman MR 2003 cAMP-dependent protein kinase enhances CYP17 transcription via MKP-1 activation in H295R human adrenocortical cells. J Biol Chem 278:8106-8111
49. Shibata H, Kobayashi S, Kurihara I, Saito I, Saruta T 2003 Nuclear receptors and co-regulators in adrenal tumors. Horm Res 59:85-93
50. Jacob AL, Lund J, Martinez P, Hedin L 2001 Acetylation of steroidogenic factor 1 protein regulates its transcriptional activity and recruits the coactivator GCN5. J Biol Chem 276:37659-37664
51. Ito M, Yu RN, Jameson JL 1998 Steroidogenic factor-1 contains a carboxy-terminal transcriptional activation domain that interacts with steroid receptor coactivator-1. Mol Endocrinol 12:290-301
52. Fan W, Yanase T, Wu Y, Wkawate H, Saitoh M, Oba K, Nomura M, Okabe T, Goto K, Yanagisawa J, Kato S, Takayanagi R, Nawata H 2004 Protein kinase A potentiates adrenal 4 binding protein/steroidogenic factor 1 transactivation by reintegrating the subcellular dynamic interaction of the nuclear receptor with its cofactors, general control nonderepressed-5/transformation/transcription domain-associated protein, and suppressor, dosage-sensitive sex reversal-1: a laser confocal imaging study in living KGN cells. Mol Endocrinol 18:127-141
53. Crawford PA, Polish JA, Ganpule G, Sadovsky Y 1997 The activation function-2 hexamer of steroidogenic factor-1 is required, but not sufficient for potentiation by SRC-1. Mol Endocrinol 11:1626-1635
54. Børud B, Hoang T, Bakke M, Jacob AL, Lund J, Mellgren G 2002 The nuclear receptor coactivators p300/CBP/cointegrator-associated protein (p/CIP) and transcription intermediary factor 2 (TIF2) differentially regulate PKA-stimulated transcriptional activity of steroidogenic factor 1. Mol Endocrinol 16:757-773
55. Hinojos CAD, Sharp ZD, Mancini MA 2005 Molecular dynamics and nuclear receptor function. Trends Endocrinol Metab 16:12-18
56. Grunstein M 1997 Histone acetylation in chromatin structure and transcription. Nature 389:349-352
57. Ma H, Hong H, Huang S-M, Irvine RA, Webb P, Kushner PJ, Coetzee GA, Stallcup MR 1999 Multiple signal input and output domains of the 160-kilodalton nuclear receptor coactivator proteins. Mol Cell Biol 19:6164-6173
58. Torchia J, Rose DW, Inostroza J, Kamei Y, Westin S, Glass CK, Rosenfeld MG 1997 The transcriptional coactivator p/CIP binds CBP and mediates nuclear-receptor function. Nature 387:677-684
59. Anafi M, Yang Y-F, Barlev NA, Govindan MVB, Shelly L, Butt TR, Walfish PG 2000 GCN5 and ADA adaptor proteins regulate triiodothyronine/GRIP1 and SRC-1 coactivator-dependent gene activation by the human thyroid hormone receptor. Mol Endocrinol 14:718-732.
60. Trievel RC, Rojas JR, Sterner DE, Venkataramani RN, Wang L, Zhou J, Allis CD, Berger SL, Marmorstein R 1999 Crystal structure and mechanism of histone acetylation of the yeast GCN5 transcriptional coactivator. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:8931-8936
61. Grozinger CM, Hassig CA, Schreiber SL 1999 Three proteins define a class of human histone deacetylases related to yeast Hda1p. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96: 4868-4873
62. Hörlein AJ, Näär AM, Heinzel T, Torchia J, Gloss B, Kurokawa R, Ryan A, Kamei Y, Södeström M, Glass CK, Rosenfeld MG 1995 Ligand-independent repression by the thyroid hormone receptor mediated by a nuclear receptor co-repressor. Nature 377:397-403
63. Chen JD, Evans RM 1995 A transcriptional co-repressor that interacts with nuclear hormone receptors. Nature 377:454-457
64. Jackson TA, Richer JK, Bain DL, Takimoto GS, Tung L, Horwitz KB 1997 The partial agonist activity of antagonist-occupied steroid receptors is controlled by a novel hinge domain-binding coactivator L7/SPA and the corepressors N-CoR or SMRT. Mol Endocrinol 11:693-705
65. Cavaillès V, Dauvois S, L'Horset F, Lopez G, Hoare S, Kushner PJ, Parker MG 1995 Nuclear factor RIP140 modulates transcriptional activation by the estrogen receptor. EMBO J 14:3741-3751
66. Schaeper U, Boyd JM, Verma S, Uhlmann E, Subramanian T, Chinnadurai G 1995 Molecular cloning and characterization of a cellular phosphoprotein that interacts with a conserved c-terminal domain of adenovirus E1A involved in negative modulation of oncogenic transformation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:10467-10471
67. Senyuk V, Chakraborty S, Mikhail FM, Zhao R, Chi Y, Nucifora G 2002 The leukemia-associated transcription repressor AML1/MDS1/EVI1 requires CtBP to induce abnormal growth and differentiation of murine hematopoietic cells. Oncogene 21:3232-3240
68. Senyuk V, Li D, Zakharov A, Mikhail FM, Nucifora G 2005 The distal zinc finger domain of AML1/MDS1/EVI1 is an oligomerization domain involved in induction of hematopoietic differentiation defects in primary cells in vitro. Cancer Res 65:7603-7611
69. Zhang Q, Wang S-Y, Nottke ACN, Rocheleau JV, Piston DW, Goodman RH 2006 Redox sensor CtBP mediates hypoxia-induced tumor cell migration. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:9029-9033
70. Shi Y, Sawada J-i, Sui G, Affar EB, Whetstine JR, Lan F, Ogawa H, Luke MP-S, Nakatani Y, Shi Y 2003 Coordinated histone modifications mediated by a CtBP corepressor complex. Nature 422:735-738
71. Zhang Q, Piston DW, Goodman RH 2002 Regulation of corepressor function by nuclear NADH. Science 295:1895-1897
72. Kumar V, Carlson JE, Ohgi KA, Edwards TA, Rose DW, Escalante CR, Rosenfeld MG, Aggarwal AK 2002 Transcription corepressor CtBP is an NAD+-regulated dehydrogenase. Mol Cell 10:857-869
73. Balasubramanian P, Zhao L-J, Chinnadurai G 2003 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide stimulates oligomerization, interaction with adenovirus E1A and an intrinsic dehydrogenase activity of CtBP. FEBS Lett 537:157-160
74. Schmitz F, Königstorfer A, Südhof TC 2000 RIBEYE, a component of synaptic ribbons: a protein's journey through evolution provides insight into synaptic ribbon function. Neuron 28:857-872
75. Kim J-H, Cho E-J, Kim S-T, Youn H-D 2005 CtBP Represses p300-mediated transcriptional activation by direct association with its bromodomain. Nat Struct Mol Biol 12:423-428
76. Meloni AR, Lai C-H, Yao T-P, Nevins JR 2005 A mechanism of COOH-terminal binding protein-mediated repression. Mol Cancer Res 3:575-583
77. Senyuk V, Sinha KK, Nucifora G 2005 Corepressor CtBP1 interacts with and specifically inhibits CBP activity. Arch Biochem Biophys 441:168-173
78. Castet A, Boulahtouf A, Versini G, Bonnet S, Augereau P, Vignon F, Khochbin S, Jalaguier S, Cavaillès V 2004 Multiple domains of the receptor-interacting protein 140 contribute to transcription inhibition. Nucleic Acids Res 32:1957-1966
79. Fong YW, Zhou Q 2001 Stimulatory effect of splicing factors on transcriptional elongation. Nature 414: 929-933
80. Verger A, Quinlan KGR, Crofts LA, Spanò S, Corda D, Kable EPW, Braet F, Crossley M 2006 Mechanisms directing the nuclear localization of the CtBP family proteins. Mol Cell Biol 26:4882-4894
81. Alpatov R, Munguba C, Caton P, Joo JH, Shi Y, Shi Y, Hunt ME, Sugrue SP 2004 Nuclear speckle-associated protein Pnn/DRS binds to the transcriptional corepressor CtBP and relieves CtBP-mediated repression of the E-cadherin gene. Mol Cell Biol 24:10223-10235
82. Bruno M, Flaus A, Stockdale C, Rencurel C, Ferreira H, Owen-Hughes T 2003 Histone H2A/H2B dimer exchange by ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling activities. Mol Cell 12:1599-1606
83. Lee DY, Teyssier C, Strahl BD, Stallcup MR 2005 Role of protein methylation in regulation of transcription. Endocr Rev 26:147-170
84. Talasz H, Lindner HH, Sarg B, Helliger W 2005 Histone H4-lysine 20 monomethylation is increased in promoter and coding regions of active genes and correlates with hyperacetylation. J Biol Chem 280:38814-38822
85. Santos-Rosa H, Schneider R, Bernstein BE, Karabetsou N, Morillon A, Weise C, Schreiber SL, Mellor J, Kouzarides T 2003 Methylation of histone H3 K4 mediates association of the Isw1p ATPase with chromatin. Mol Cell 12:1225-1232
86. Ito T, Ikehara T, Nakagawa T, Kraus WL, Muramatsu M 2000 p300-Mediated acetylation facilitates the transfer of histone H2A-H2B dimers from nucleosomes to a histone chaperone. Genes Dev 14:1899-1907
87. Lorch Y, Maier-Davis B, Kornberg RD 2006 Chromatin remodeling by nucleosome disassembly in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:3090-3093
88. Park Y-J, Chodaparambil JV, Bao Y, McBryant SJ, Luger K 2005 Nucleosome assembly protein 1 exchanges histone H2A-H2B dimers and assists nucleosome sliding. J Biol Chem 280:1817-1825
89. Chang C-W, Chuang H-C, Yu C, Yao T-P, Chen H 2005 Stimulation of GCMa transcriptional activity by cyclic AMP/protein kinase A signaling is attributed to CBP-mediated acetylation of GCMa. Mol Cell Biol 25:8401-8414
90. Kovacs J, Murphy P, S G, Zhao X, Wu J, Nicchitta C, Yoshida M, Toft D, Pratt W, Yao T 2005 HDAC6 regulates HSP90 acetylation and chaperone-dependent activation of glucocorticoid receptor. Mol Cell 18:601-607
91. Mujtaba S, He Y, Zeng L, Farooq A, Carlson JE, Ott M, Verdin E, Zhou M-M 2002 Structural basis of lysine-acetylated HIV-1 Tat recognition by PCAF bromodomain. Mol Cell 9:575-586
92. Dilworth FJ, Seaver KJ, Fishburn AL, Htet SL, Tapscott SJ 2004 In vitro transcription system delineates the distinct roles of the coactivators pCAF and p300 during MyoD/E47-dependent transactivation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:11593-11598
93. Hudson BP, Martinez-Yamout MA, Dyson HJ, Wright PE 2000 Solution structure and acetyl-lysine binding activity of the GCN5 bromodomain. J Mol Biol 304:355-370
94. Agalioti T, Chen G, Thanos D 2002 Deciphering the transcriptional histone acetylation code for a human gene. Cell 111:381-392
95. Iizuka M, Matsui T, Takisawa H, Smith MM 2006 Regulation of replication licensing by acetyltransferase Hbo1. Mol Cell Biol 26:1098-1108
96. Lee K-Y, Ito K, Hayashi R, Jazrawi EP, Barnes PJ, Adcock IM 2006 NF-κB and activator protein 1 response elements and the role of histone modifications in IL-1β-induced TGF-β1 gene transcription. J Immunol 176:603-615
97. Tabe Y, Konopleva M, Contractor R, Munsell M, Schober WD, Jin L, Tsutsumi-Ishii Y, Nagaoka I, Igari J, Andreeff M 2006 Up-regulation of MDR1 and induction of doxorubicin resistance by histone deacetylase inhibitor depsipeptide (FK228) and ATRA in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Blood 107:1546-1554
98. Gray SG, De Meyts P 2005 Role of histone and transcription factor acetylation in diabetes pathogenesis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 21:416-433
99. Little TH, Zhang Y, Matulis CK, Weck J, Zhang Z, Ramachandran A, Mayo KE, Radhakrishnan I 2006 Sequence-specific deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) recognition by steroidogenic factor 1: a helix at the carboxy terminus of the DNA binding domain is necessary for
100. complex stability. Mol Endocrinol 20:831-843
101. Vermeulen M, Walter W, Guezennec XL, Kim J, Edayathumangalam RS, Lasonder E, Luger K, Roeder RG, Logie C, Berger SL, Stunnenberg HG 2006 Feed-forward repression mechanism anchors the Sin3/histone deacetylase and N-CoR/SMRT corepressors on chromatin. Mol Cell Biol 26:5226-5236
102. Bakke M, Lund J 1995 Mutually exclusive interactions of two nuclear orphan receptors determine activity of a cyclic adenosine 3′,5′- monophosphate-responsive sequence in the bovine CYP17 gene. Mol Endocrinol 9:327-339
103. Flück CE, Miller WL 2004 GATA-4 and GATA-6 modulate tissue-specific transcription of the human gene for P450c17 by direct interaction with Sp1. Mol Endocrinol 18:1144-1157
104. Jimenez P, Saner K, Mayhew B, Rainey WE 2003 GATA-6 is expressed in the human adrenal and regulates transcription of genes required for adrenal androgen biosynthesis. Endocrinology 144:4285-4288
105. Tremblay JJ, Viger RS 2003 A mutated form of steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1 G35E) that causes sex reversal in humans fails to synergize with transcription factor GATA-4. J Biol Chem 278:42637-42642
106. Tremblay JJ, Viger RS 1999 Transcription factor GATA-4 enhances Müllerian inhibiting substance gene transcription through a direct interaction with the nuclear receptor SF-1. Mol Endocrinol 13:1388-1401
107. Tremblay JJ, Viger RS 2001 Nuclear receptor Dax-1 represses the transcriptional cooperation between GATA-4 and SF-1 in Sertoli cells. Biol Reprod 64: 1191-1199
108. Rainey WE, Bird IM, Mason JI 1994 The NCI-H295 cell line: a pluripotent model for human adrenocortical studies. Mol Cell Endocrinol 100:45-50
109. Staels B, Hum DW, Miller WL 1993 Regulation of steroidogenesis in NCI-H295 cells: a cellular model of the human fetal adrenal. Mol Endocrinol 7:423-433
110. Weinmann A, Farnham P 2002 Identification of unknown target genes of human transcription factors using chromatin immunoprecipitation. Methods 26:37-47
111. Johnson K, Bresnick E 2002 Dissecting long-range transcriptional mechanisms by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Methods 26:27-36
112. Langst G, Becker PB 2001 Nucleosome mobilization and positioning by ISWI-containing chromatin-remodeling factors. J Cell Sci 114:2561-2568
113. Luger K, Mader AW, Richmond RK, Sargent DF, Richmond TK 1997 Crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle at 28 A resolution. Nature 389:251-260