European food scares and their impact on EU food policy

British Food Journal

Volumn 109, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 43-67

  Knowles, Tim ^a   Moody, Richard ^a   McEachern, Morven G ^b  

^a MANCHESTER METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SALFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

European Union; Food controls; Food industry; Food safety

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA;

EID: 33846545724     PISSN: 0007070X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1108/00070700710718507     Document Type: Review

References (148)

1. Alston, B. and McDougal, T. (2001), "Government doing nothing to stop illegal meat imports", Farmer's Guardian, 24 August.
2. Ansell, C. and Vogel, D. (Eds) (1999), European Food Safety Regulation: The Politics of Contested Governance, MIT Press, Cambridge. MA.
3. Ansell, C. and Vogel, D. (2005), "The contested governance of European food safety", working paper 2005-38. University of California. Berkeley, CA.
4. Assael, H. (2004), Consumer Behavior: A Strategic Approach, Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, MA.
5. Atkins, P. and Bowler, I. (2001), Food in Society: Economy, Culture, Geography, Arnold, London.
6. Balchin, A. and McLelland, F. (2005), "Sudan 1 sparks new probe", The Grocer., 2 April.
7. Barnes, R. (2005a), "No bid to hush up food scares", The Grocer, 2 April.
8. Barnes, R. (2005b), "Para Red sparks food scare", The Grocer, 30 April.
9. Beardsworth, A.D. (1990), "Trans-science and moral panic: understanding food scares", British Food Journal, Vol. 92 No. 5, pp. 11-16.
10. Berg, L., Kjaernes, U., Ganskau, E., Minina, V., Voltchkova, L., Halkier, B. and Holm, L. (2005), "Trust in food safety in Russia, Denmark and Norway", European Societies, Vol. 7 No. 1, pp. 103-29.
11. Bernauer, T. and Caduff, L. (2004), "European food safety: multilevel governance, re-nationalisation, or centralisation?", working paper 2-2004, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich.
12. Berry, H. and McEachern, M.G. (2005), "Informing ethical consumers", in Harrison, R., Newholm, T. and Shaw, D.S. (Eds), The Ethical Consumer, Ch. 5, Sage Publications, London.
13. Brett, M. (1999), "Botulism in the UK", Eurosurveillance, Vol. 4 No. 1, pp. 1-2.
14. Brimer, L. (2004), "Chemical food safety, public awareness and risk communication", British Food Journal, Vol. 106 No. 1, pp. 23-37.
15. Campbell, H. and Fitzgerald, R. (2001), "Food scares and GM: ambivalent technologies, fear and the politics of nostalgia", Proceedings from ISA Conference, Fitzwilliam College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, July.
16. Carter, C.A. and Huie, J. (2004), "Market effects of searching for mad cows", Agricultural and Resource Economics Update, Vol. 8 No. 1.
17. CEE (2005), "EU scientists call for Listeria alert network for food", available at: www.cee-foodindustry.com/news/printNewsBis.asp?id= 64185 (accessed 7 December, 2005).
18. (The) Co-op (2001), "UK: Co-op bans suspect pesticides and calls for UK Organics Action Plan", available at: http://just-food.com/news_detail. asp?art=36518&dm=yes (accessed 7 March 2001).
19. Cooter, R. and Fulton, R. (2001), "Food matters: food safety research in the UK public sector, 1917-1990", Food Industry Journal, Vol. 4 No. 3, pp. 251-61.
20. Corbett, D. (2005), "Bird flu makes Germans lose appetite for poultry", available at: www.dw-world.de/popups/popup_printcontent/0, 1759244.html (accessed 7 December 2005).
21. Crace, J. (2001), "Going up in smoke", The Guardian, 20 March, pp. 50-4.
22. Crespo, P.S., Hernández, G., Echeíta, A., Torres, A., Ordónez, P. and Aladuena, A. (2005), "Surveillance of foodborne disease outbreaks associated with consumption of eggs and egg products", Eurosurveillance, Vol. 10 Nos 4-6, pp. 138-40.
23. Crook, P. (2000), "Outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium DT204b infection in Europe, 2000: update", Eurosurveillance, Vol. 4 No. 51, p. 3.
24. De Boer, J., Willemsen, F. and Aiking, H. (2003), Food Safety, Communication and Behaviour: An Analysis of Four Recent Incidents, Instituut voor Milieuvraagstukken, Amsterdam.
25. De Valk, H. (2000), "Outbreak of Listeriosis linked to the consumption of pork tongue in jelly in France", Eurosurveillance, Vol. 4 No. 9, p. 1.
26. De Valk, H., Jacquet, C., Goulet, V., Vaillant, V., Perra, A., Simon, F., Desenclos, J.C. and Martin, P. (2005), "Surveillance of Listeria infections in Europe", Eurosurveillance, Vol. 10 Nos 10-12, pp. 251-5.
27. Defra (2006), The BSE Inquiry: The Report, Defra, London, available at: www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/report/volume16/chapte10.htm (accessed 24 January 2006).
28. Democracy Now! (1999), "Genetically engineered products found in baby food", available at: www.democracynow.org/print.pl?is=03/04/07/044222 (accessed 7 December 2005).
29. Doorduyn, Y., de Jager, C.M., van der Zwaluw, W.K., Wannet, W.J.B., van der Ende, A., Spanjaard, L. and van Duynhoven, Y.T.H.P. (2006), "First results of the active surveillance of Listeria monocytogenes infections in the Netherlands reveal higher than expected incidence", Eurosurveillance, Vol. 11 No. 4, pp. 4-5.
30. EFSA (2005), "Review of the toxicology of a number of dyes illegally present in food in the EU. Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food on a request from the Commission", The EFSA Journal, Vol. 263, pp. 1-71.
31. EFSA (2006), "Trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and antimicrobial resistance in the EU in 2004", The EFSA Journal, Vol. 310.
32. Eley, A. (1997), "Escherichia coli 0157: an increasingly significant food-poisoning pathogen", Nutrition & Food Science, Vol. 3, May/June, pp. 96-100.
33. Euromonitor (2003), "Germany: consumer and industry concerns over Acrylamide - 28 January, 2003", available at: www.euromonitor.com/article. asp?id=214&print=true (accessed 7 December 2005).
34. EUROPA (1999), Consumer Policy in the European Community - An Overview, European Commission, Brussels.
35. European Commission (2000a), Preliminary Opinion on the Geographical Risk of BSE (GBR), 25 May, European Commission Scientific Steering Committee, Brussels.
36. European Commission (2000b), White Paper (5761/00), January, European Commission, Brussels.
37. Eurosurveillance (2006), "Avian influenza H5N1 outbreaks in Romanian and Danish poultry and large H5N1 cluster in an Indonesian family", Eurosurveillance, Vol. 1195, pp. 1-2.
38. Fernandes, T., van Duynhoven, Y.T.H.P., de Jager, C.M., Wannet, W.J.B. and van Pelt, W. (2000), "Outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis PT4b infection in The Netherlands", Eurosurveillance, Vol. 4 No. 51, p. 2.
39. Fife-Schaw, C. and Rowe, G. (2000), "Extending the application of the psychometric approach for assessing public perceptions of food risk: some methodological considerations", Journal of Risk Research, Vol. 3 No. 2, pp. 167-79.
40. Fisher, I.S.T. and Gill, O.N. (2001), "International surveillance networks and principles of collaboration", Eurosurveillance, Vol. 6 No. 2, pp. 1-3.
41. Fitzgerald, R. and Campbell, H. (2001), "Food scares and GM: movement on the nature/culture fault line", Proceedings of Food Safety & Security Symposium, Sydney, October.
42. Food Law Monthly (2001), "EU Action on BSE", Vol. 20 No. 2.
43. Fracassini, C. (2001), "The King of Fish Stamped 2nd Class Postage", Scotland on Sunday, 24 June.
44. Frewer, L. (1999), "Public perception of genetically modified food in Europe", Journal of Commercial Biotechnology, Vol. 6 No. 2, pp. 108-15.
45. Frewer, L.J., Raats, M.M. and Shepherd, R. (1993), "Modelling the media: the transmission of risk information in the British quality press", IMA Journal of Mathematics Applied in Business & Industry, Vol. 5, pp. 235-47.
46. Friedberg, S. (2004), French Beans & Food Scares: Culture & Commerce in an Anxious Age, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
47. FSA (2001), "Olive-pomace oil: your questions answered", available at: www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/faq/olivepomoilqa/?view=printerfriendly (accessed 7 December 2005).
48. FSA (2004), "Salmonella in eggs down, survey shows", available at: www.food.gov.uk/news/newsarchive/2004/mar/salmonellaeggnews/view= printerfriendly (accessed 22 June 2004).
49. FSA (2006a), "Update on Cadbury's recall", available at: www.food.gov.uk/news/newsarchive/2006/jun/cadbury (accessed 4 July 2006).
50. FSA (2006b), "Agency publishes survey into levels of benzene in soft drinks in the UK", available at: www.food.gov.uk/news/pressreleases/2006/ march/benzenesurveypress (accessed 31 March 2006).
51. Fumento, M. (1999), "Alar revisited: greens still trying to salvage their alar-stained reputation", available at: www.fumento.com/hudsonalar. html (accessed 7 December 2005).
52. Gillespie, I. and Elson, R. (2005), "Successful reduction of human Salmonella Enteritidis infection in England and Wales", Eurosurveillance, Vol. 10 No. 11, pp. 2-6.
53. Gilsdorf, A., Jansen, A., Alpers, K., Dieckmann, H., van Treeck, U., Hauri, A.M., Fell, G., Littmann, M., Rautenberg, P., Prager, R., Rabsc, W., Roggentin, P., Schroeter, A., Miko, A., Bartelt, E., Bräunig, J. and Ammon, A. (2005), "A nationwide outbreak of Salmonella Bovis-morbificans PT24, Germany, December 2004-March 2005", Eurosurveillance, Vol. 10 No. 3, pp. 1-2.
54. (The) Grocer (2005), "Dutch breath of fresh air", 8 October.
55. (The) Grocer (2006), "FSA: benzene? Relax", 8 April.
56. Hadjichristodolou, C., Nikolakopoulou, E., Karabinis, K., Karakou, E., Markoglannakis, A., Panoulis, C., Lampri, M. and Tassios, P. (1999), "Outbreak of Salmonella Gastroenteritis among attendees of a restaurant opening in Greece, June 1998", Eurosurveillance, Vol. 4 No. 6, pp. 72-5.
57. Harper, C.L. and Le Beau, B.F. (2003), Food, Society and Environment, Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
58. Harvey, J., Erdos, G., Challinor, S., Drew, S., Taylor, S., Ash, R., Ward, C., Gibson, C., Scarr, F., Hinde, A. and Moffat, C. (2001), "The relationship between attitudes, demographic factors and perceived consumption of meats and other proteins in relation to the BSE crisis: a regional study in the UK", Health, Risk & Society, Vol. 3 No. 2, pp. 181-97.
59. Hays, C.L. (1999), "Concern about Coke products spreads to Spain and Germany", New York Times, 19 June.
60. Herbert, D. (2001), "Food fright mounts in Europe", available at: www.archives.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/02/27/food.crises (accessed 7 December 2005).
61. HetNet (2006), "BSE in Europe", available at: http://home.hetnet.nl/∼mad.cow/BSE12005a.htm (accessed 24 January 2006).
62. Hickman, M. (2005), "Virus fears hitting poultry sales says Sainsbury's", The Independent, 19 October.
63. Hobbs, J.E., Fearne, A. and Spriggs, J. (2002), "Incentive structures for food safety and quality assurance: an international comparison", Food Control, Vol. 13, pp. 77-81.
64. Hoskins, R. (1999), How Green Are our Apples? A Look at the Environmental and Social Effects of Apple Production, The SAFE Alliance, London.
65. Huang, C.L. (1993), "Simultaneous equation model for estimating consumer risk perceptions, attitudes and willingness to pay for residue-free produce", Journal of Consumer Affairs, Vol. 27 No. 2, pp. 377-96.
66. Humphrey, T. (2006), "Cadbury's testing out of date", available at: www.newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/ 5145380.stm (accessed 5 July 2006).
67. IFST (1995), Campylobacteriosis - IFST Position Paper, Institute of Food Science and Technology, London.
68. IGD (2006), "Shoppers' response to bird flu", available at: www.igd.com/CIR.asp?menuid=37&cirid=1874 (accessed 15 February 2006).
69. Isakbaeva, E., Lindstedt, B.A., Schimmer, B., Vardund, T., Stavnes, T.L., Hauge, K., Gondrosen, B., Blystad, H., Kløvstad, H., Aavitsland, P., Nygård, K. and Kapperud, G. (2005), "Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 outbreak linked to imported minced beef, Norway, October-November 2005", Eurosurveillance, Vol. 10 Nos 10-12, pp. 272-3.
70. Jensen, C., Ethelberg, S., Gervelmeyer, A., Nielsen, E.M., Olsen, K.E.P. and Mølbak, K. (2006), "First general outbreak of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia Coli 0157 in Denmark", Eurosurveillance, Vol. 11 Nos 1-3, pp. 55-8.
71. Jiménez, M., Soler, P., Venanzi, J.D., Canté, P., Varela, C. and Martínez-Navarro, F. (2005), "An outbreak of Campylobacter Jejuni Enteritis in a school of Madrid, Spain", Eurosurveillance, Vol. 10 Nos 4-6, pp. 118-21.
72. Johnson, A. (2005), "Outpatient consumption of antibiotics is linked to antibiotic resistance in Europe: results from the European surveillance of antimicrobial consumption", Eurosurveillance, Vol. 10 Nos 1-3, pp. 62-3.
73. Judge, H. (2006), "Restrictions lifted after Netherlands scare", The Grocer, February.
74. Kaiser, R. and Coulombier, D. (2006), "Different approaches to gathering epidemic intelligence in Europe", Eurosurveillance, Vol. 11 No. 4, pp. 1-3.
75. Kivi, M., van Pelt, W., Notermans, D., van de Glessen, A., Wannet, W. and Bosman, A. (2005), "Large outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104, The Netherlands, September-November 2005", Eurosurveillance, Vol. 11 No. 5, pp. 1-4.
76. Knowles, T. (2001), "Trends in food safety: implications for European hotels", International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. 13 No. 4, pp. 176-82.
77. Lacey, R. (1989), "Salmonella Enteritidis and eggs: the position at the end of 1988", British Food Journal, Vol. 91 No. 2, pp. 5-8.
78. Lacey, R. (1992), "Scares and the British food system: problems and policies in relation to food-related health issues", British Food Journal, Vol. 94 No. 7, pp. 26-31.
79. Lang, T. (2004), "The Saturday essay", The Grocer, 28 February.
80. Lang, T. and Rayner, G. (2001), Why Health Is the Key to the Future of Food and Farming, Sage Publications, London.
81. Lean, G. and Carrell, S. (2005), "Bird flu: why weren't we warned? How did it get here? How scared should you be?", The Independent, 16 October.
82. Lenglet, A. (2005), "Over 2,000 cases so far in Salmonella Hadar outbreak in Spain associated with consumption of pre-cooked chicken, July-August", Eurosurveillance, Vol. 10 Nos 7-9, pp. 196-7.
83. Lenglet, A. and Hernández-Pezzi, G. (2006), "Comparison of the European Union disease surveillance networks' websites", Eurosurveillance, Vol. 11 No. 5, pp. 1-4.
84. Lien, M.E. and Nerlich, B. (2004), The Politics of Food, Berg, Oxford.
85. Lindgreen, A. (2003), "Trust as a valuable strategic variable in the food industry", British Food Journal, Vol. 105 No. 6, pp. 310-27.
86. Loader, R. and Hobbs, J.E. (1996), "The hidden costs and benefits of BSE", British Food Journal, Vol. 98 No. 11, pp. 26-35.
87. Lowe, R. (2001), "Meat: is it time to go over the top?", The Grocer, 19 May.
88. Luijk, R., Schalk, S. and Muilerman, H. (2000), Have We Lost Our Minds? Neurotoxin Residues Harmful to the Developing Brains of Our Children, Consumentenbond ans Sticting Natuur en Milieu, The Netherlands.
89. McDonald, S. and Roberts, D. (1998), "The economy-wide effects of the BSE crisis: a CGE analysis", Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 49 No. 3, pp. 458-71.
90. MacLeod, M. (2004), "Off the hook", Scotland on Sunday, 11 January.
91. Martinez, A., Oliva, J.M., Panella, E., Hernandez-Pezzi, G. and Soler, P. (2001), "Outbreak of E. coli 0157:H7 infection in Spain", Eurosurveillance, Vol. 5 No. 1, p. 1.
92. Maxwell, F. (2002), "After the plague", The Scotsman, 20 February.
93. Mazick, A., Ethelberg, S., Nielsen, E.M., Mølbak, K. and Lisby, M. (2006), "An outbreak of Campylobacter Jejuni associated with consumption of chicken, Copenhagen, 2005", Eurosurveillance, Vol. 11 No. 5, pp. 1-5.
94. Mazzocchi, M. (2004), "Modelling consumer reaction to multiple food scares", Proceedings from the 78th Annual Conference of the Agricultural Economics Society, Imperial College. London, April.
95. Meikle, J. (2004), "Danger warning after increase in drug residues found in eggs", The Guardian, 14 April.
96. Miles, S., Brennan, M., Kuznesof, S., Ness, M., Ritson, C. and Frewer, L.J. (2004), "Public worry about specific food safety issues", British Food Journal, Vol. 106 No. 1, pp. 9-22.
97. Millstone, E. and van Zwanenberg, P. (2003), "Food and agricultural biotechnology policy: how much autonomy can developing countries exercise?", in Maxwell, S. and Slater, R. (Eds), Food Policy Old and New, Ch. 9, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.
98. Mitchell, V.W. and Greatorex, M. (1990), "Consumer perceived risk in the UK food market", British Food Journal, Vol. 92 No. 2, pp. 16-22.
99. MLC (2001), "BSE/FMD leave legacy of soaring import levels", The Grocer, 27 October.
100. Mølbak, K. (2004), "Danish programme for control of salmonella in poultry has resulted in fewer cases in both poultry and humans", Eurosurveillance, Vol. 9 Nos 4-6, pp. 53-4.
101. Mowbray, S. (2005), "Sudan 1: it's just beginning", The Grocer, 26 February.
102. Nastasi, A., Mammina, C. and Salsa, L. (1999), "Outbreak of Salmonella Bongori 48:z35 - in Sicily", Eurosurveillance, Vol. 4 No. 9, pp. 1-2.
103. Nestle, M. (2004), Safe Food: Bacteria, Biotechnology and Bioterrorism, University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.
104. Nicoll, A. (2005), "Avian and pandemic influenza: five questions for 2006", Eurosurveillance, Vol. 10 Nos 10-12, pp. 210-11.
105. O'Herrmann, R.O., Warland, R.H. and Sterngold, A. (1997), "Who reacts to food safety scares?: Examining the Alar crisis", Agribusiness, Vol. 13 No. 5, pp. 511-20.
106. Organic Monitor (2002), "Food scare hits German organic food industry", available at: www.organicmonitor.com/r1006.htm (accessed 7 December 2005).
107. Ottaway, P.B. (1995), Harmonisation of European Food Legislation, Pearson Professional, London.
108. Palmer, C.M. (1996), "A week that shook the meat industry: the effects on the UK beef industry of the BSE crisis", British Food Journal, Vol. 98 No. 11, pp. 17-25.
109. Panico, M.G., Primiano, F., Nappi, F. and Attena, F. (1999), "An outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis food poisoning from a commercially produced cheese", Eurosurveillance, Vol. 4 No. 4, pp. 47-8.
110. Pennington, H. (2003), When Food Kills: BSE, E-coli and Disaster Science, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
111. Pennington, H. (2006), "Cadbury faces meltdown in million-bar product recall", The Grocer, 19 May.
112. Poppe, C. and Kjaernes, U. (2003), Trust in Food in Europe: A Comparative Analysis, Professional Report No. 5, National Institute for Consumer Research, Oslo.
113. Porter, R. (2006), "Argentina FMD leads to EU ban", The Grocer, 25 February.
114. Purvis, A. (2004), "Handle with care: OFM", The Observer, February, pp. 50-4.
115. Renard, M.C. (2005), "Quality certification, regulation and power in fair trade", Journal of Rural Studies, Vol. 21, pp. 419-31.
116. Roosen, J.J., Lusk, L. and Fox, J.A. (2003), "Consumer demand for and attitudes toward alternative beef labelling strategies in France, Germany and the UK", Agribusiness, Vol. 19 No. 1, pp. 77-90.
117. Ross, S. (2005), "Britons shrug off bird flu scare as egg and poultry sales unaffected", The Scotsman, 27 October.
118. RTD (2006), "Living with influenza", RTD Info Magazine on European Research, European Commission, Brussels.
119. Sassatelli, R. and Scott, A. (2001), "Novel food, new markets and trust regimes", European Societies, Vol. 3 No. 2, pp. 213-44.
120. Schröder, M.J.A. (2003), Food Quality and Consumer Value: Delivering Food That Satisfies, Springer-Verlag, Germany.
121. Scythe, D. (2005), "Another 'shock horror' on the cards", The Scottish Farmer, 5 March.
122. SEERAD (2005), Notification Letter, Scottish Executive for the Environment & Rural Affairs Department, Edinburgh.
123. Shears, P., Zollers, F.E. and Hurd, S. (2001), "Food for thought: what mad cows have wrought with respect to food safety regulation in the EU and UK", British Food Journal, Vol. 103 No. 1, pp. 63-87.
124. Smith, M.J. (1991), "From policy community to issue network: salmonella in eggs and the new politics of food", Public Administration, Vol. 69, pp. 235-55.
125. Smith, R. (2006), "Very few Dutch farms hit by dioxin scare", The Grocer, 4 February.
126. Soil Association (2004), "Egg warning", The Scottish Farmer, 24 April, p. 5.
127. Sprenger, R.A. (2006), Hygiene for Management, 12th ed., Highfield Ltd, London.
128. Stärk, K.D.C., Boyd, H.B. and Mousing, J. (2002), "Risk assessment following the hypothetical import of dioxin-contaminated feed for pigs: an example of quantitative decision-support under emergency conditions", Food Control, Vol. 13, pp. 1-11.
129. Tansey, G. and Worsley, T. (1999), The Food System: A Guide, Earthscan Publications, London.
130. Therre, H. (1999), "Botulism in the European Union", Eurosurveillance, Vol. 4 No. 1, pp. 1-5.
131. TNS (2001), "Meat: is it time to go over the top?", The Grocer, 19 May.
132. TNS (2005), "Eggs defy flu worries", The Grocer, 3 December.
133. Torpdahl, M., Sørensen, G., Sandø, G., Gammelgård, K., Jannok, K. and Porsbo, L.J. (2006), "A regional outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium in Denmark and identification of the source using MVLA typing", Eurosurveillance, Vol. 11 No. 5, pp. 1-4.
134. Valliant, V. (2005), "Outbreak of E. coli 0157:H7 infections associated with a brand of beefburgers in France", Eurosurveillance, Vol. 10 No. 11, pp. 2-4.
135. Valliant, V., Espiè, E., Fisher, I., Hjertqvist, M., de Jong, B., Kornschober, C., Berghold, C., Gillespie, I., Alpers, K., Schmid, H. and Hächier, H. (2005), "International outbreak of Salmonella Stourbridge infection in Europe recognised following enter-net inquiry, June-July 2005", Eurosurveillance, Vol. 10 No. 7, pp. 1-2.
136. Van Zwanenberg, P. and Millstone, E. (2003), "BSE: a paradigm of policy failure", Political Quarterly, Vol. 74, pp. 27-38.
137. Vasager, J. (2006), "Chocolate may have poisoned more than forty", The Guardian, 24 June, pp. 50-4.
138. Verbeke, W. (2001), "Beliefs, attitude and behaviour towards fresh meat revisited after the Belgian dioxin crisis", Food Quality and Preference, Vol. 12, pp. 489-98.
139. Verbeke, W. and van Kenhove, P. (2002), "Impact of emotional stability and attitude on consumption decisions under risk: the Coca-Cola crisis in Belgium", Journal of Health Communications, Vol. 7 No. 5, pp. 455-72.
140. Verdurme, A. and Viaene, J. (2003), "Exploring and modelling attitudes towards GM food", Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, Vol. 6 No. 2, pp. 95-110.
141. Vos, E. (2000), "EU food safety regulation in the aftermath of the BSE crisis", Journal of Consumer Policy, Vol. 23, pp. 227-55.
142. Watson, E. (2005), "So who did test, and when?", The Grocer, 26 February.
143. Watson, J. (2003), "Lifting BSE ban to unleash beef glut", Scotland on Sunday.
144. Westlake, M. (1997), "Mad cows and Englishmen - the institutional consequences of the BSE crisis", Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 35, September, pp. 11-36.
145. Whitworth, M. and Harrington, S. (2005), "Why, what, when, where?", The Grocer, 28 May.
146. WHO (2001), Food Safety Strategic Planning Meeting, World Health Organisation, Geneva.
147. WHO (2006), "Cumulative number of confirmed human cases of avian influenza A/(H5N1) reported to WHO", available at: www.who.int/csr/disease/ avian_influenza_2006_02_28/print.html (accessed 28 February 2006).
148. Ziese, T., Anderson, Y., de Jong, B., Löfdahl, S. and Ramberg, M. (1996), "Outbreak of E coli 0157 in Sweden", Eurosurveillance, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 1-2.