The conservative physiology of the immune system. A non-metaphoric approach to immunological activity

Clinical and Developmental Immunology

Volumn 13, Issue 2-4, 2006, Pages 133-142

  Vaz, Nelson M ^a   Ramos, Gustavo C ^b   Pordeus, Vitor ^c,d   Carvalho, Claudia R ^a  

^a FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF MINAS GERAIS   (Brazil)

^b FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF SANTA CATARINA   (Brazil)

^c HOSPITAL PRÓ CARDÍACO   (Brazil)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Autopoiesis; Immune system; Maturana; Organization; Structural determinism

Indexed keywords

IMMUNOGLOBULIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E ANTIBODY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY;

ALLERGY; ARTICLE; BIOMEDICINE; DRUG MECHANISM; EOSINOPHIL; HEREDITY; HISTORY OF MEDICINE; HOST RESISTANCE; HUMAN; IMMUNE SYSTEM; IMMUNOGLOBULIN PRODUCTION; IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE; IMMUNOLOGY; IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS; LYMPHOCYTE CLONE; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; MEDICAL RESEARCH; OMENN SYNDROME; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SENSITIZATION; VACCINATION;

ANIMALS; ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTIONS; AUTOANTIBODIES; AUTOANTIGENS; HUMANS; IMMUNE SYSTEM; IMMUNE TOLERANCE;

EID: 33845678421     PISSN: 17402522     EISSN: 10292357     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/17402520600877216     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. Appleton AL, Curtis, Wilkes J, Cant AJ. 1994. Differentiation of materno-fetal GVHD from Omenn's syndrome in pre-BMT patients with severe combined immunodeficiency. Bone Marrow Transplant 14(1):157-159.
2. Bateson G. 1973. Steps to an ecology of mind. New York, NY: Ballantine Books.
3. Besredka A. 1909. De l'anaphylaxie. Sixiéme memoire de l'anaphylaxie lactique. Ann Inst Pasteur 23:166-174.
4. Billingham RE, Brent L, Medawar PB. 1953. Actively acquired tolerance of foreign cells. Nature 172:603-606.
5. Bos NA, Benner R, Wostmann BS, Pleasants JR. 1986. 'Background' Ig-secreting cells in pregnant germfree mice fed a chemically defined ultrafiltered diet. J Reprod Immunol 9(3):237-246.
6. Brandtzaeg P. 1996. History of oral tolerance and mucosal immunology. Ann NY Acad Sci 778:1-26.
7. Burnet FM. 1957. A modification of Jerne's theory of antibody production using the concept of clonal selection. Aust J Sci 20:67-69.
8. Caligiuri G, Stahl D, Kaveri S, Irinopoulous T, Savoie F, Mandet C, Vandaele M, Kazatchkine MD, Michel J-B, Nicoletti A. 2003. Autoreactive antibody repertoire is perturbed in atherosclerotic patients. Lab Invest 83(7):939-945.
9. Carvalho CR, Verdolin BA, Vaz NM. 1996. Indirect effects of oral tolerance cannot be ascribed to bystander suppression. Scand J Immunol 45:276-281.
10. Chase M. 1945. Cellular transfer of cutaneous hypersensitivity to tuberculin. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 59:134-135.
11. Chase M. 1946. Inhibition of experimental drug allergy by prior feeding of sensitizing agents. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 61:257-262.
12. Cohen IR, Sercarz W. 2004. Introduction: T cell degeneracy. Mol Immunol 40(14-15):983.
13. Corneo B, Moshous D, Gungor T, Wulffraat N, Philippet P, Le Deist FL, Fischer A, de Villartay JP. 2001. Identical mutations in RAG1 or RAG2 genes leading to defective V(D)J recombinase activity can cause either T-B-severe combined immune deficiency or Omenn syndrome. Blood 97(9):2772-2776.
14. Coutinho A, Kazatchkine MD, Avrameas S. 1995. Natural autoantibodies. Curr Opin Immunol 7(6):812-818.
15. Coutinho A. 2005. The Le Douarin phenomenon: A shift in the paradigm of developmental self-tolerance. Int J Dev Biol 49(2-3):131-136.
16. Davies JM, O'Hehir RE. 2004. VHgene usage in immunoglobulin E responses of seasonal rhinitis patients allergic to grass pollen is oligoclonal and antigen driven. Clin Exp Allergy 34:429-436.
17. de Lafaille MA, Muriglan S, Sunshine MJ, Lei Y, Kutchukhidze N, Furtado GC, Wensky AK, Olivares-Villagomez D, Lafaille JJ. 2001. Hyper immunoglobulin E response in mice with monoclonal populations of B and T lymphocytes. J Exp Med 194(9):1349-1359.
18. Duchman R, Schimit E, Knolle P, Meyer Zum K, Buschenfelde H, Markus Neurath M. 1996. Tolerance towards resident intestinal flora in mice is abrogated in experimental colitis and restored by treatment with interleukin-10 or antibodies to interleukin-12. Eur J Immunol 26:934-938.
19. Ehrlich P. 1900. On immunity, with special reference to cell life. Proc R Soc (Lond) 66(432):424-448.
20. Eisen HN. 2001. Specificity and degeneracy in antigen recognition: Yin and yang in the immune system. Annu Rev Immunol 19:1-21.
21. Faria AMC, Weiner HL. 2005. Oral tolerance. Immunol Rev 206:232-259.
22. Ferreira C, Mouthon L, Nobrega A, Haury M, Kazatchkine MD, Ferreira E, Padua F, Coutinho A, Sundblad A. 1997. Instability of natural antibody repertoires in systemic lupus erythematosus patients, revealed by multiparametric analysis of serum antibody reactivities. Scand J Immunol 45(3):331-341.
23. Fesel C, Coutinho A. 1998. Dynamics of serum IgM autoreactive repertoires following immunization: Strain specificity, inheritance and association with autoimmune disease susceptibility. Eur J Immunol 28(11):3616-3629.
24. Fesel C, Goulart LF, Silva Neto A, Coelho A, Fontes CJF, Braga EM, Vaz NM. 2005. Increased polyclonal immunoglobulin reactivity toward human and bacterial proteins is associated with clinical protection in human plasmodium infection. Malar J 4:5-11.
25. Gowans JL. 1996. The lymphocyte - a disgraceful gap in medical knowledge. Immunol Today 17(6):288-291.
26. Guilherme L, Kalil J. 2004. Rheumatic fever: From sore throat to autoimmune heart lesions. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 134(1):56-64.
27. Hashimoto K, Handa H, Umehara K, Sasaki S. 1978. Germfree mice reared on an "antigen-free" diet. Lab Anim Sci 28(1):38-45.
28. Haury M, Grandien A, Sundblad A, Coutinho A, Nobrega A. 1994. Global analysis of antibody repertoires. 1. An immunoblot method for the quantitative screening of a large number of reactivities. Scand J Immunol 39(1):79-87.
29. Haury M, Sundblad A, Grandien A, Barreau C, Coutinho A, Nobrega A. 1997. The repertoire of serum IgM in normal mice is largely independent of external antigenic contact. Eur J Immunol 27(6):1557-1563.
30. Jendro MC, Ganten T, Matteson EL, Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. 1995. Emergence of oligoclonal T cell populations following therapeutic T cell depletion in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 38(9):1242-1251.
31. Jerne NK. 1955. The natural selection theory of antibody formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 41:849-857.
32. Jerne NK. 1974. Towards a network theory of the immune system. Ann Immunol 125C:373-392.
33. King C, Ilic A, Koelsch K, Sarvetnick N. 2004. Homeostatic expansion of T cells during immune insufficiency generates autoimmunity. Cell 117:265-277.
34. Krause I, Tomer Y, Elias D, Blank M, Gilburd B, Cohen IR, Shoenfeld Y. 1999. Inhibition of diabetes in NOD mice by idiotypic induction of SLE. J Autoimmun 13:49-55.
35. Lacroix-Desmazes S, Mouthon L, Kaveri SV, Kazatchkine MD. 1999. Stability of natural self-reactive antibody repertoires during aging. J Clin Immunol 19(1):26-34.
36. Lafaille JJ, Nagashima K, Katsuki M, Tonegawa S. 1994. High incidence of spontaneous autoimmune encephalomyelitis in immunodeficient anti-myelin basic protein T cell receptor transgenic mice. Cell 78(3):399-408.
37. Landsteiner K. 1901. The agglutinative properties of normal human blood. Wien Klin Wochenschr 14:424-448.
38. Launois P, Maillard I, Pingel S, Swihart KG, Xenarios I, Acha-Orbea H, Diggelmann H, Locksley RM, MacDonald HR, Louis JA. 1997. IL-4 rapidly produced by Vb4 Va8 CD41 T cells instructs Th2 development and susceptibility to leishmania major in BALBc mice. Immunity 6:541-549.
39. Levine BB, Vaz NM. 1970. Effect of combinations of inbred strains, antigen and antigen dose on immune responsiveness and reagin production in the mouse. Int Arch Allergy 39:156-164.
40. Li ZG, Mu R, Dai ZP, Gao XM. 2005. T cell vaccination in systemic lupus erythematosus with autologous activated T cells. Lupus 14(11):884-889.
41. Marcos RAM, De la Hera A, Gaspar ML, Marquez C, Bellas C, Mampaso F, Toribio ML, Martinez C-A. 1986. Modification of emerging repertoires by immunosuppression in immunodeficient mice results in autoimmunity. Immunol Rev 94:51-74.
42. Marcus P. 2006. Incorporating anti-IgE (omalizumab) therapy into pulmonary medicine practice: Practice management implications. Chest 129(2):466-474.
43. Margolis DA, Casper JT, Segura AD, Janczak T, McOlash L, Fisher B, Miller K, Gorski J. 2000. Infiltrating T cells during liver graft-versus-host disease show a restricted T-cell repertoire. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 6(4):408-415.
44. Maturana HR. 1987. Everything is said by an observer. In: Thompson WI, editor. Gaia: A way of knowing. Political implications of the new biology. New York, NY: Lindisfarne Press.
45. Maturana H. 2002. Autopoiesis, structural coupling and cognition: A history of these and other notions in the biology of cognition. Cybern Hum Knowing (pdf available at www.matriztica.org). 9(3-4):5-34.
46. Maturana H. 2005. The origin and conservation of self-consciousness. Reflections on four questions by Heinz von Foerster. Kybernetes 34(1/2):54-88.
47. Maturana HR, Mpodozis J. 1987. Perception: Behavioral configuration of the object. Arch Biol Med Exp (Santiago) 20(3-4):319-324.
48. Maturana H, Poerksen B. 2004. From being to doing: The origins of biology of cognition. Heidelberg: Carl-Auer.
49. Maturana HR, Varela FJ. 1980. Autopoiesis and cognition: The realization of living. Amsterdam: Reidel.
50. Maturana HR, Varela FJ. 1987. The tree of knowledge. Biological basis of human understanding. Boston: New Science Library.
51. Maturana HR. 1988. Reality: The search for objectivity or the quest for a compelling argument. Ir J Psychol 9(1):25-82.
52. Maturana HR. Comment on fedanzo Jr., Anthony 1983. All things are full of gods - or information. J Soc Biol Struct 6:155-158.
53. Maturana H, Mpodozis J. 2000. The origin of species by means of natural drift. Revista Chilena Hist Nat 73:261-310.
54. Maturana H. 2006. Autopoiésis y sistemas dinámicos cerrados: Conservación dinámica de la identidad sistémica, www.matriztica.org.
55. Mazumdar P. 1996. Species and specificity. An interpretation of the history of immunology. New York, NY: Cambrige University Press.
56. Menezes JS, Mucida DS, Cara DC, Alvarez-Leite JI, Russo M, Vaz NM, Faria AMC. 2003. Stimulation by food proteins plays critical role in the maturation of the immune system. Int Immunol 15(3):447-455.
57. Min B, McHugh R, Sempowski GD, Mackall C, Foucras F, Paul WE. 2003. Neonates support lymphopenia-induced lymphopoiesis. Immunity 18:131-140.
58. Mouthon L, Nobrega A, Nicolas N, Kaveri SV, Barreau C, Coutinho A, Kazatchkine MD. 1995. Invariance and restriction toward a limited set of self-antigens characterize neonatal IgM antibody repertoires and prevail in autoreactive repertoire of healthy adults. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:3839-3843.
59. Murata H, Matsumura R, Koyama A, Sugiyama T, Sueishi M, Shibuya K, Tsutsumi A, Sumida T. 2002. T cell receptor repertoire of T cells in the kidneys of patients with lupus nephritis. Arthritis Rheum 46(8):2141-2147.
60. Nóbrega A, Haury M, Grandien A, Malanchere E, Sundblad A, Coutinho A. 1993. Global analysis of antibody repertoires. II. Evidence for specificity, self-selection and the immunological "homunculus" of antibodies in normal serum. Eur J Immunol 23(11):2851-2859.
61. Olivares-Villagomez D, Wensky AK, Wang Y, Lafaille JJ. 2000. Repertoire requirements of CD4 + T cells that prevent spontaneous autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol 164(10):5499-5507.
62. Orsini E, Alyea EP, Schlossman R, Canning C, Soiffer RJ, Chillemi A, Neuberg D, Anderson KC, Ritz J. 2000. Changes in T cell receptor repertoire associated with graft-versus-tumor effect and graft-versus-host disease in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma after donor lymphocyte infusion. Bone Marrow Transplant 25(6):623-632.
63. Pasteur L. 1878. The germ theory and its application to medicine and surgery. Comp Rend l'acad Sci 86:1037-1043.
64. Pereira P, Larsson E-L, Forni L, Bandeira A, Coutinho A. 1985. Natural effector T lymphocytes in normal mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82:7691-7695.
65. Pingel S, Launois P, Fowell DJ, Turck CW, Southwood S, Sette A, Glaichenhaus N, Louis JA, Locksley RM. 1999. Altered ligands reveal limited plasticity in the T cell response to a pathogenic epitope. J Exp Med 189(7):1111-1120.
66. Quintana FJ, Hagedorn PH, Elizur G, Merbl Y, Domany E, Cohen IR. 2004. Functional immunomics: Microarray analysis of IgG autoantibody repertoires predicts the future response of mice to induced diabetes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101(Suppl 2):14615-14621.
67. Sakaguchi S. 2005. Naturally arisinf Foxp3-expressing CD25 + CD4 + regulatory T cells in immunologicaltoleance to self and non-self. Nat Immunol 6(4):345-352.
68. Sakkas LI, Xu B, Artlett CM, Lu S, Jimenez SA, Platsoucas CD. 2002. Oligoclonal T cell expansion in the skin of patients with systemic sclerosis. J Immunol 168(7):3649-3659.
69. Sekine T, Kato R, Kato T, Masuko-Hongo K, Kameko F, Maruyama M, Nishioka K, Yamamoto K. 2000. Accumulation of identical T cell clones in the right and left lobes of the thyroid gland in patients with Graves' disease: Analysis of T cell clonotype in vivo. Endocr J 47(2):127-136.
70. Shoenfeld Y, Rauova L, Gilburd B, Kvapil F, Goldberg I, Kopolovic J, Rovensky J, Blank M. 2002. Efficacy of IVIG affinity-purifed anti-doublestranded DNA anti-idiotypic antibodies in the treatment of an experimental murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Int Immunol 14(11):1303-1311.
71. Simonsen M. 1962. Graft versus host reactions. Their natural history, and applicability as tools of research. Prog Allergy 6:349-467.
72. Stahl D, Lacroix-Desmazes S, Mouthon L, Kaveri SV, Kazatchkine MD. 2000. Analysis of human self-reactive antibody repertoires by quantitative immunoblotting. J Immunol Methods 240(1-2): 1-14.
73. Stockinger B, Kassiotis G, Bourgeois C. 2004. Homeostasis and T cell regulation. Curr Opin Immunol 16:775-779.
74. Talmage DW. 1959. Immunological specificity, unique combinations of selected natural globulins provide an alternative to the classical concept. Science 129:1643-1648.
75. Tauber AI. 1997. Historical and philosophical perspectives concerning immune cognition. J Hist Biol 30(3):419-440.
76. Troy AE, Shen H. 2003. Cutting edge: Homeostatic proliferation of peripheral T lymphocytes is regulated by clonal competition. J Immunol 170(2):672-676.
77. Vakil M, Sauter J, Paige C, Kearney JF. 1986. In vivo suppression of perinatal multispecific B cells results in a distortion of the adult B cell repertoire. Eur J Immunol 16:1159-1165.
78. Vasconcellos R, Nobrega A, Haury M, Viale AC, Coutinho A. 1998. Genetic control of natural antibody repertoires: I. IgH, MHC and TCR beta loci. Eur J Immunol 28(3):1104-1115.
79. Vaz NM, Carvalho CR. 1993. Immunological specificity as metaphor. Braz J Med Biol Res 26:665-671.
80. Vaz N, Ramos GC. 2006. Immunity and intentionality: The specificity of immunological observations, submitted.
81. Vaz NM, Varela FJ. 1978. Self and nonsense; an organism-centered approach to immunology. Med Hypotheses 4:238-253.
82. Vaz NM, Faria AMC, Verdolin BA, Carvalho CR. 1997. Immaturity, ageing and oral tolerance. Scand J Immunol 46:225-229.
83. Vaz N, Silva Neto A, Verdolin B, Coelho A, Correa-Oliveira R, Braga E, Fesel C. 2000. Perfis de IgM e IgG naturais em parasitoses crônicas humanas graves XV Reunião da fesbe., p 166, (129.007). Caxambu, MG.
84. Vaz NM, Fesel C, Nobrega A, Silva Neto AF, Secor WE, Colley DG. 2001. Severity of schistosomiasis mansoni in male CBA mice is related to IgG profiles reacting with mouse liver extracts in Panama-blots XVI Reunião annual da fedbe., p 136, (124.003). Caxambu MG.
85. Vaz N, Faria AMC, Menezes JS, Verdolin BA, Silva Neto AF, Carvalho CR. 2003. The conservative physiology of the immune system. Braz J Med Biol Res 36:13-22.
86. Verdolin BA, Ficker SM, Faria AM, Vaz NM, Carvalho CR. 2001. Stabilization of serum antibody responses triggered by initial mucosal contact with the antigen independently of oral tolerance induction. Braz J Biol Med Res 34(2):211-219.
87. Villa A, Santagata S, Bozzi F, Imberti L, Notarangelo LD. 1999. Omenn syndrome: A disorder of Rag1 and Rag2 genes. J Clin Immunol 19(2):87-97.
88. Wang L, Tadokoro K, Tokunaga K, Uchida S, Moriyama S, Bannai M, Mitsunaga S, Takai K, Juji T. 1997. Restricted use of T-cell receptor V beta genes in posttransfusion graft-versus-host disease. Transfusion 37(11-12):1184-1191.
89. Wells HG. 1911. Studies on the chemistry of anaphylaxis. III. Experiments with isolated proteins, specially those of the hen's egg. J Infect Dis 9:147-171.
90. Wu Z, Bensinger SJ, Zhang J, Chen C, Yuan X, Huang X, Markmann JF, Kassaee A, Rosengard BR, Hancock WW, Sayegh MH, Turka LA. 2004. Homeostatic proliferation is a barrier to transplantation tolerance. Nat Med 10(1):87-92.