Designing social presence in e-learning environments: Testing the effect of interactivity on children

Interactive Learning Environments

Volumn 14, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 251-264

  Tung, Fang Wu ^a   Deng, Yi Shin ^b  

^a SHIH CHIEN UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^b NATIONAL CHIAO TUNG UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33751341358     PISSN: 10494820     EISSN: 17445191     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10494820600924750     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Aragon, S. (2003) Creating social presence in online environments. In Facilitating learning in online environments. (pp. 57-68). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
2. Brown, J. (1986) Some motivational issues in computer-based instruction Educational Technology, 26(4), pp. 27-29.
3. Burgoon, J. and Bonito, J. and Ramirez, A. and Dunbar, N. and Kam, K. and Fisher, J. (2002) Testing the interactivity principle: Effects of mediation, propinquity, and verbal and nonverbal modalities in interpersonal interaction Journal of Communication, 52(3), pp. 657-676.
4. Druin, A. and Inkpen, K. (2001) When are personal technologies for children? Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 5(3), pp. 191-194.
5. Fogg, B. and Nass, C. (1997a) Silicon sycophants: Effects of computers that flatter International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 46(5), pp. 551-561.
6. Fogg, B. and Nass, C.(1997b) How users reciprocate to computers: An experiment that demonstrates behaviour change. In CHI '97 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems. (pp. 331-332). Atlanta Georgia, New York: ACM Press.
7. Goffman, E. (1967) Interaction ritual: Essays on face-to-face behavior. New York: Pantheon.
8. Hanssen, L. and Jankowski, N. and Etienne, R.(1996) Interactivity from the perspective of communication studies. In The contours of multimedia: Recent technological, theoretical and empirical developments. (pp. 61-73). Luton: University of Luton Press, John Libbey Media.
9. Heeter, C. (1995) Communication research on consumer VR. In Communication in the age of virtual reality. (pp. 191-218). Hillsdale NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
10. Isbister, K. and Nass, C. (2000) Consistency of personality in interactive characters: Verbal cues, non-verbal cues, and user characteristics International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 46(5), pp. 551-561.
11. Keller, J. (1997) Motivational design and multimedia: Beyond the novelty effect Strategic Human Resource Development Review, 1(1), pp. 188-302.
12. Laurel, B. (1990) Interface agents: Metaphors with character. In The art of human-computer interface design. (pp. 355-365). Reading MA: Addison-Wesley.
13. Lombard, M. and Ditton, T. (1997) At the heart of it all: The concept of presence Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, 3(2). Retrieved July 20, 2006, from http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol3/issue2/lombard.html
14. Marakas, G. and Johnson, R. and Palmer, J. (2000) A theoretical model of differential social attributions toward computing technology: When the metaphor becomes the model International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 52(4), pp. 719-750.
15. McNeil, B. and Nelson, K. (1991) Meta-analysis of interactive video instruction: A 10 years review of achievement effects Journal of Computer-Based Instruction, 18(1), pp. 1-6.
16. Moon, Y. Similarity effects in human-computer interaction: Effects of user personality, computer personality, and user control on attraction and attributions of responsibility. Stanford University, CA. (1996). Unpublished doctorial dissertation
17. Morkes, J. and Kernal, H. and Nass, C. (1999) Effects of humor in task-oriented human-computer interaction and computer-mediated communication: A direct test of SRCT theory Human-Computer Interaction, 14(4), pp. 395-435.
18. Morris, M. and Christine, O. (1996) The Internet as a mass medium Journal of Communication, 46(1), pp. 39-50.
19. Nass, C. and Fogg, B. and Moon, Y. (1996) Can computers be teammates? International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 45(6), pp. 669-678.
20. Nass, C. and Moon, Y. (2000) Machines and mindlessness: Social responses to computers Journal of Social Issues, 56(1), pp. 81-103.
21. Nass, C. and Steuer, J. and Tauber, E.(1994). Computers are social actors. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems: Celebrating interdependence. In [pp. 72-77].
22. Newberry, B.(2001). Raising student social presence in online classes. Proceedings of Web Net 2001 World Conference on the WWW and the Internet Orlando FL. In [pp.].
23. Picard, R. (1997) Affective computing. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
24. Picard, R. and Wexelblat, A. and Nass, C. (2002) Future interfaces: Social and emotional. In CHI '02 extended abstracts on human factors in computer systems. (pp. 698-699). Minneapolis MN, New York: ACM Press.
25. Rafaeli, S. (1988) Interactivity: From new media to communication. In Advancing communication science: Merging mass and interpersonal processes. (pp. 110-134). Newbury Park CA: Sage.
26. Rafaeli, S.(1990) Interaction with media: Parasocial interaction and real interaction. In Mediation, information, and communication: Information and behavior. (pp. 125-181). New Brunswick NJ: Transaction Books.
27. Reeves, B. and Nass, C. (1996) The media equation: How people treat computer, television, and new media like real people and places. New York: Cambridge University Press.
28. Reeve, J. and Sickenius, B. (1994) Development and validation of brief measure of the three psychological needs underlying intrinsic motivation: The AFS scales Educational Psychological Measurement, 54, pp. 506-515.
29. Rogers, E. (1986) Communication technology: The new media in society. New York: Free Press.
30. Schnackenberg, H. and Sullivan, H. (2000) Learner control over full and lean computer-based instruction under differing ability levels Educational Technology, Research and Development;, 48(2), pp. 19-28.
31. Short, J. and Williams, E. and Christie, B. (1976) The social psychology of telecommunications. London: John Willey & Sons Ltd.
32. Sproull, L. and Subramani, M. and Kiesler, S. and Walker, J. and Waters, K. (1996) When the interface is a face Human-Computer Interaction, 11(2), pp. 97-124.
33. Tu, C. (2001) How Chinese perceive social presence: An examination of interaction in an online learning environment Educational Media International, 38(1), pp. 45-60.
34. Tu, C. and McIsaac, M. (2002) An examination of social presence to increase interaction in online classes American Journal of Distance Education, 16(2), pp. 131-150.
35. Turkle, S. (1984) The second self: Computers and the human spirit. New York: Simon and Schuster.
36. Turkle, S. (2003) Sociable technologies: Enhancing human performance when the computer is not a tool but a companion. In Converging technologies for improving human performance. (pp. 151-158). The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
37. Walther, J. (1992) Interpersonal effects in computer-mediated interaction: A relational perspective Communication Research, 19(1), pp. 52-90.
38. Witmer, B. and Singer, M. (1998) Measuring presence in virtual environments: A presence questionnaire Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 7(3), pp. 225-240.
39. Yeh, S. and Lehman, J. (2001) Effects of learner control and learning strategies on English as a foreign language (EFL) learning from interactive hypermedia lessons Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 10(2), pp. 141-159.