The Parkinson disease gene LRRK2: Evolutionary and structural insights

Molecular Biology and Evolution

Volumn 23, Issue 12, 2006, Pages 2423-2433

  Marín, Ignacio ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VALENCIA   (Spain)

Author keywords

GTPase; kinase; Parkinson disease; Roco family

Indexed keywords

ENZYME; LEUCINE RICH REPEAT KINASE 1; LEUCINE RICH REPEAT KINASE 2; RAB GUANOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE; RAB PROTEIN; RAS GUANOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE; RAS PROTEIN; RHO GUANOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

AMINO TERMINAL SEQUENCE; ARTICLE; CAENORHABDITIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DICTYOSTELIUM DISCOIDEUM; DROSOPHILA; GENE; GENE DUPLICATION; GENE FUNCTION; GENE STRUCTURE; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; MULTIGENE FAMILY; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PARALOGY; PARKINSON DISEASE; PHYLOGENY; PROTEIN DOMAIN;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMALS; DICTYOSTELIUM; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; EVOLUTION, MOLECULAR; GTP PHOSPHOHYDROLASES; HUMANS; MODELS, MOLECULAR; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; PARKINSON DISEASE; PHYLOGENY; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; PROTEIN KINASES; PROTEIN STRUCTURE, TERTIARY; PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY, AMINO ACID;

ANIMALIA; CAENORHABDITIS; DEUTEROSTOMIA; DICTYOSTELIUM DISCOIDEUM; PROTOSTOMIA;

EID: 33750931271     PISSN: 07374038     EISSN: 15371719     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msl114     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Abe T, Langenick J, Williams JG. 2003. Rapid generation of gene disruption constructs by in vitro transposition and identification of a Dictyostelium protein kinase that regulates its rate of growth and development. Nucleic Acids Res. 31:e107.
2. Abou-Sleiman PM, Muqit MMK, Wood NW. 2006. Expanding insights of mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Nat Rev Neurosci. 7:207-219.
3. Abysalh JC, Kuchnicki LL, Larochelle DA. 2003. The identification of pats1, a novel gene locus required for cytokinesis in Dictyostelium discoideum. Mol Biol Cell. 14:14-25.
4. Berg D, Schweitzer K, Leitner P, Zimprich A, Lichtner P, Belcredi P, Brussel T, Schulte C, Maass S, Nagele T. 2005. Type and frequency of mutations in the LRRK2 gene in familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease. Brain. 128:3000-3011.
5. Bosgraaf L, Russcher H, Smith LJ, Wessels D, Soll DR, Van Haastert PJ. 2002. A novel cGMP signalling pathway mediating myosin phosphorylation and chemotaxis in Dictyostelium. EMBO J. 21:4560-4570.
6. Bosgraaf L, Van Haastert PJM. 2003. Roc, a Ras/GTPase domain in complex proteins. Biochem Biophys Acta. 1643:5-10.
7. Deiss LP, Feinstein E, Berissi H, Cohen O, Kimchi A. 1995. Identification of a novel serine/threonine kinase and a novel 15-kD protein as potential mediators of the gamma interferon-induced cell death. Genes Dev. 9:15-30.
8. Farrer MJ. 2006. Genetics of Parkinson disease: paradigm shifts and future prospects. Nat Rev Genet. 7:306-318.
9. Galter D, Westerlund M, Carmine A, Lindqvist E, Sydow O, Olson L. 2006. LRRK2 expression linked to dopamine-innervated areas. Ann Neurol. 59:714-719.
10. Gattiker A, Gasteiger E, Bairoch A. 2002. ScanProsite: a reference implementation of a PROSITE scanning tool. Appl Bioinformatics. 1:107-108.
11. Giasson BI, Covy JP, Bonini NM, Hurtig HI, Farrer MJ, Trojanowski JQ, Van Deerlin VM. 2006. Biochemical and pathological characterization of Lrrk2. Ann Neurol. 59:315-322.
12. Gilks WP, Abou-Sleiman PM, Gandhi S, et al. (15 co-authors). 2005. A common LRRK2 mutation in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Lancet. 365:415-416.
13. Gloeckner CJ, Kinkl N, Schumacher A, Braun RJ, O'Neill E, Meitinger T, Kolch W, Prokisch H, Ueffing M. 2006. The Parkinson disease causing LRRK2 mutation I2020T is associated with increased kinase activity. Hum Mol Genet. 15:223-232.
14. Goldberg JM, Bosgraaf L, Van Haastert PJ, Smith JL. 2002. Identification of four candidate cGMP targets in Dictyostelium. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 99:6749-6754.
15. Goldberg JM, Manning G, Liu A, Fey P, Pilcher KE, Xu Y, Smith JL. 2006. The Dictyostelium kinome-analysis of the protein kinases from a simple model organism. PLoS Genet. 2:e38.
16. Greggio E, Jain S, Kingsbury A, et al. (18 co-authors). 2006. Kinase activity is required for the toxic effects of mutant LRRK2/dardarin. Neurobiol Dis. 23:329-341.
17. Guex N, Peitsch MC. 1997. Swiss-Model and the Swiss-PdbViewer: an environment for comparative protein modeling. Electrophoresis. 18:2714-2723.
18. Guo L, Wang W, Chen SG. 2006. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2: relevance to Parkinson's disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 38:1469-1475.
19. Jonassen I, Collins JF, Higgins DG. 1995. Finding flexible patterns in unaligned protein sequences. Protein Sci. 4: 1587-1595.
20. Korr D, Toschi L, Donner P, Pohlenz HD, Kreft B, Weiss B. 2006. LRRK1 protein kinase activity is stimulated upon binding of GTP to its Roc domain. Cell Signalling. 18:910-920.
21. Kumar S, Tamura K, Nei M. 2004. MEGA3: integrated software for molecular evolutionary genetics analysis and sequence alignment. Brief Bioinformatics. 5:150-163.
22. Lucas JI, Arnau V, Marín I. 2006. Comparative genomics and protein domain graph analyses link ubiquitination and RNA metabolism. J Mol Biol. 357:9-17.
23. Manning G, Whyte DB, Martinez R, Hunter T, Sudarsanam S. 2002. The protein kinase complement of the human genome. Science. 298:1912-1934.
24. Marco A, Cuesta A, Pedrola L, Palau F, Marín I. 2004. Evolutionary and structural analyses of GDAP1, involved in Charcot-Marie-tooth disease, characterize a novel class of glutathione transferase-related genes. Mol Biol Evol. 21:176-187.
25. Marín I, Ferrús A. 2002. Comparative genomics of the RBR family, including the Parkinson's disease-related gene parkin and the genes of the ariadne subfamily. Mol Biol Evol. 19:2039-2050.
26. Marín I, Lucas JI, Gradilla AC, Ferrús A. 2004. Parkin and relatives: the RBR family of ubiquitin ligases. Physiol Genomics. 17:253-263.
27. Mata IF, Wedemeyer WJ, Farrer MJ, Taylor JP, Gallo KA. 2006. LRRK2 in Parkinson's disease: protein domains and functional insights. Trends Neurosci. 29:286-293.
28. Melrose H, Lincoln S, Tyndall G, Dickson D, Farrer M. 2006. Anatomical localization of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 in mouse brain. Neuroscience. 139:791-794.
29. Nicholas KB, Nicholas HB Jr, Deerfield DW. 1997. GeneDoc: analysis and visualization of genetic variation. EMBNEW News. 4:14.
30. Paisán-Ruiz C, Jain S, Evans EW, et al. (21 co-authors). 2004. Cloning of the gene containing mutations that cause PARK8-linked Parkinson's disease. Neuron. 44:595-600.
31. Peitsch MC. 1996. ProMod and Swiss-Model: Internet-based tools for automated comparative protein modelling. Biochem Soc Trans. 24:274-279.
32. Saitou N, Nei M. 1987. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol. 4:406-425.
33. Sakabe T, Shinomiya T, Mori T, Ariyama Y, Fukuda Y, Fujiwara T, Nakamura Y, Inazawa J. 1999. Identification of a novel gene, MASL1, within an amplicon at 8p23.1 detected in malignant fibrous histiocytomas by comparative genomic hybridization. Cancer Res. 59:511-515.
34. Simon-Sanchez J, Herranz-Perez V, Olucha-Bordonau F, Perez-Tur J. 2006. LRRK2 is expressed in areas affected by Parkinson's disease in the adult mouse brain. Eur J Neurosci. 23:659-666.
35. Skipper L, Li Y, Bonnard C, et al. (11 co-authors). 2005. Comprehensive evaluation of common genetic variation within LRRK2 reveals evidence for association with sporadic Parkinson's disease. Hum Mol Genet. 14:3549-3556.
36. Smith WW, Pei Z, Jiang H, Moore DJ, Liang Y, West AB, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Ross CA. 2005. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) interacts with parkin, and mutant LRRK2 induces neuronal degeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 102:18676-18681.
37. Swofford DL. 2003. PAUP*:phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods). Version 4. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates.
38. Tan EK, Skipper L, Chua E, Wong MC, Pavanni R, Bonnard C, Kolatkar P, Liu JJ. 2006. Analysis of 14 LRRK2 mutations in Parkinson's plus syndromes and late-onset Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 21:997-1001.
39. Taylor JP, Mata IF, Farrer MJ. 2006. LRRK2: a common pathway for parkinsonism, pathogenesis and prevention? Trends Mol Med. 12:76-82.
40. Tchieu JH, Fana F, Fink JL, et al. (12 co-authors). 2003. The PlantsP and PlantsT functional genomics databases. Nucleic Acids Res. 31:342-344.
41. Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG. 1997. The ClustalX windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res. 24:4876-4882.
42. West AB, Moore DJ, Biskup S, Bugayenko A, Smith WW, Ross CA, Dawson VL, Dawson TM. 2005. Parkinson's disease-associated mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 augment kinase activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 102: 16842-16847.
43. Wszolek ZK, Pfeiffer RF, Tsuboi Y, et al. (13 co-authors). 2004. Autosomal dominant parkinsonism associated with variable synuclein and tau pathology. Neurology. 62:1619-1622.
44. Zimprich A, Biskup S, Leitner P, et al. (22 co-authors). 2004. Mutations in LRRK2 cause autosomal-dominant parkinsonism with pleomorphic pathology. Neuron. 44:601-607.