메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 46, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 225-242

Development of a commercial cigarette "market map" comparison methodology for evaluating new or non-conventional cigarettes

Author keywords

1R4F reference cigarette; 2R4F reference cigarette; Commercial cigarettes; Market maps; Smoke chemistry; Smoke in vitro toxicity

Indexed keywords

AMMONIA; CIGARETTE SMOKE; NICOTINE; NITRATE; NITROSAMINE; TAR;

EID: 33750623725     PISSN: 02732300     EISSN: 10960295     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2006.07.002     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (50)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 0016685233 scopus 로고
    • Methods for detecting carcinogens and mutagens with the Salmonella/Mammalian-Microsome Mutagenicity Test
    • Ames B.N., McCann J., and Yamasaki E. Methods for detecting carcinogens and mutagens with the Salmonella/Mammalian-Microsome Mutagenicity Test. Mutat. Res. 31 (1975) 347-363
    • (1975) Mutat. Res. , vol.31 , pp. 347-363
    • Ames, B.N.1    McCann, J.2    Yamasaki, E.3
  • 2
    • 0002873523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoke chemistry
    • Davis D.L., and Nielsen M.T. (Eds), Blackwell Science Inc., Malden, MA
    • Baker R.R. Smoke chemistry. In: Davis D.L., and Nielsen M.T. (Eds). Tobacco Production, Chemistry, and Technology (1999), Blackwell Science Inc., Malden, MA 398-439
    • (1999) Tobacco Production, Chemistry, and Technology , pp. 398-439
    • Baker, R.R.1
  • 3
    • 1842609944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of the effects of tobacco ingredients on smoke chemistry and toxicity
    • Baker R.R., Massey E.D., and Smith G. An overview of the effects of tobacco ingredients on smoke chemistry and toxicity. Food Chem. Toxicol. 42S (2004) S53-S83
    • (2004) Food Chem. Toxicol. , vol.42 S
    • Baker, R.R.1    Massey, E.D.2    Smith, G.3
  • 4
    • 0021990499 scopus 로고
    • Toxicity determined in vitro by morphological alterations and neutral red absorption
    • Borenfreund E., and Puerner J.A. Toxicity determined in vitro by morphological alterations and neutral red absorption. Toxicol. Lett. 24 (1985) 119-124
    • (1985) Toxicol. Lett. , vol.24 , pp. 119-124
    • Borenfreund, E.1    Puerner, J.A.2
  • 5
    • 33750629413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Borgerding, M.F., Bodnar, J.A., Wingate, D.E., Taylor, C.R., Reid, J.R., Sudholz, M.A., Podraza, K.F., Hsu, F.S., Whidby, J.F., 2000. The 1999 Massachusetts Benchmark Study, Final Report. Available from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health under the Massachusetts (US) public records law.
  • 6
    • 33750624093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brown, Williamson. 2002. Before the Food and Drug Administration: Comments of Brown and Williamson Tobacco Corporation on the petitions for regulation of Brown and Williamson's "Advance" cigarettes submitted by Nat'l Center for Tobacco-Free Kids, et al., and the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.
  • 7
    • 0004280720 scopus 로고
    • Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte, NC
    • Browne C.L. The Design of Cigarettes (1990), Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte, NC
    • (1990) The Design of Cigarettes
    • Browne, C.L.1
  • 8
    • 0036133235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the potential effects of ingredients added to cigarettes. Part 1: Cigarette design, testing approach, and review of results
    • Carmines E.L. Evaluation of the potential effects of ingredients added to cigarettes. Part 1: Cigarette design, testing approach, and review of results. Food Chem. Toxicol. 40 (2002) 77-91
    • (2002) Food Chem. Toxicol. , vol.40 , pp. 77-91
    • Carmines, E.L.1
  • 9
    • 3843102700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mainstream smoke chemical analyses for 2R4F Kentucky reference cigarette
    • Chen P.X., and Moldoveanu S.C. Mainstream smoke chemical analyses for 2R4F Kentucky reference cigarette. Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 20 (2003) 448-458
    • (2003) Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. , vol.20 , pp. 448-458
    • Chen, P.X.1    Moldoveanu, S.C.2
  • 10
    • 0034433874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the mainstream smoke chemistry and mutagenicity of a representative sample of the US cigarette market with two Kentucky reference cigarettes (K1R4F and K1R5F)
    • Chepiga T.A., Morton M.J., Murphy P.A., Avalos J.T., Bombick B.R., Doolittle D.J., Borgerding M.F., and Swauger J.E. A comparison of the mainstream smoke chemistry and mutagenicity of a representative sample of the US cigarette market with two Kentucky reference cigarettes (K1R4F and K1R5F). Food Chem. Toxicol. 38 (2000) 949-962
    • (2000) Food Chem. Toxicol. , vol.38 , pp. 949-962
    • Chepiga, T.A.1    Morton, M.J.2    Murphy, P.A.3    Avalos, J.T.4    Bombick, B.R.5    Doolittle, D.J.6    Borgerding, M.F.7    Swauger, J.E.8
  • 11
    • 0015402142 scopus 로고
    • A mutational assay system using the thymidine kinase locus in mouse lymphoma cells
    • Clive D., Flamm W.G., Mechesko M.R., and Bernheim N.J. A mutational assay system using the thymidine kinase locus in mouse lymphoma cells. Mutat. Res. 16 (1972) 77-87
    • (1972) Mutat. Res. , vol.16 , pp. 77-87
    • Clive, D.1    Flamm, W.G.2    Mechesko, M.R.3    Bernheim, N.J.4
  • 12
    • 0018327785 scopus 로고
    • Validation and characterization of the L5178Y/Tk+/- mouse lymphoma mutagen assay system
    • Clive D., Johnson K.O., Spector J.F.S., Batson A.G., and Brown M.M.M. Validation and characterization of the L5178Y/Tk+/- mouse lymphoma mutagen assay system. Mutat. Res. 59 (1979) 61-108
    • (1979) Mutat. Res. , vol.59 , pp. 61-108
    • Clive, D.1    Johnson, K.O.2    Spector, J.F.S.3    Batson, A.G.4    Brown, M.M.M.5
  • 13
    • 1642284144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mainstream smoke constituent yields and predicting relations from a worldwide market sample of cigarette brands: ISO smoking conditions
    • Counts M.E., Hsu F.S., Laffoon S.W., Dwyer R.W., and Cox R.H. Mainstream smoke constituent yields and predicting relations from a worldwide market sample of cigarette brands: ISO smoking conditions. Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 39 (2004) 111-134
    • (2004) Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.39 , pp. 111-134
    • Counts, M.E.1    Hsu, F.S.2    Laffoon, S.W.3    Dwyer, R.W.4    Cox, R.H.5
  • 14
  • 15
    • 0003950532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
    • Davies H.M., and Vaught A. The Reference Cigarette (2003), Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
    • (2003) The Reference Cigarette
    • Davies, H.M.1    Vaught, A.2
  • 16
    • 0003950532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco and Health Research Institute. The University of Kentucky Printing Services, Lexington, KY
    • Diana J.N., and Vaught A. The Reference Cigarette (1990), Tobacco and Health Research Institute. The University of Kentucky Printing Services, Lexington, KY
    • (1990) The Reference Cigarette
    • Diana, J.N.1    Vaught, A.2
  • 17
    • 0033760787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ECLIPSE Expert Panel, 2000. A safer cigarette? A comparative study. A consensus report. Inhal. Toxicol. 12 (Suppl. 5), 1-48.
  • 18
    • 33750605829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Federal Register, August 1, 1967. Cigarettes: Testing for Tar and Nicotine Content, vol. 32, No. 147, 11178.
  • 19
    • 0025307929 scopus 로고
    • Investigations on the origin of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in mainstream smoke of cigarettes
    • Fischer S., Spiegelhalder B., Eisenbarth J., and Preussmann R. Investigations on the origin of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in mainstream smoke of cigarettes. Carcinogenesis 11 (1990) 723-730
    • (1990) Carcinogenesis , vol.11 , pp. 723-730
    • Fischer, S.1    Spiegelhalder, B.2    Eisenbarth, J.3    Preussmann, R.4
  • 21
    • 0000119091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Tobacco Chemists' Research Conference: A half century forum for advances in analytical methodology of tobacco and its products
    • Green C.R., and Rodgman A. The Tobacco Chemists' Research Conference: A half century forum for advances in analytical methodology of tobacco and its products. Recent Adv. Tobacco Sci. 22 (1996) 131-306
    • (1996) Recent Adv. Tobacco Sci. , vol.22 , pp. 131-306
    • Green, C.R.1    Rodgman, A.2
  • 24
    • 33750607069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IARC, 1986. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Vol. 38. Tobacco Smoking. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon pp. 83-126.
  • 25
    • 33750629107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • INVITTOX, 1990. The FRAME modified neutral red uptake cytotoxicity test. The ERGATT/FRAME data bank of in vitro techniques in toxicology, Protocol No. 3a, INVITTOX, Nottingham.
  • 26
    • 33750628191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Institute of Medicine, 2001. In: Stratton, K., Shetty, P., Wallace, R., Bondurant, S. (Eds.), Clearing the Smoke: Assessing the Science Base for Tobacco Harm Reduction. National Institutes of Health, National Academy Press, Washington, DC (Chapter 7).
  • 27
    • 33750619013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ISO Standard 10315, second ed. and Corrigendum I, 2000. International Organization for Standardization. Cigarettes-Determination of nicotine in smoke condensates-Gas chromatographic method.
  • 28
    • 33750619804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ISO Standard 10362-1, second ed., 1999. International Organization for Standardization. Cigarettes-Determination of water in smoke condensates-Part 1: Gas chromatographic method.
  • 29
    • 33750633256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ISO Standard 10362-2, 1994. International Organization for Standardization. Cigarettes-Determination of water in smoke condensates-Part 2: Karl Fischer method.
  • 30
    • 33750612782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ISO Standard 3308, fourth ed., 2000. International Organization for Standardization. Routine analytical cigarette-smoking machine-Definitions and standard conditions.
  • 31
    • 33750620726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ISO Standard 8243. third ed., 2003. International Organization for Standardization. Cigarettes-Sampling.
  • 32
    • 33750627877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ISO Standard 8454, second ed., 1995. International Organization for Standardization. Cigarettes-Determination of carbon monoxide in the vapour phase of cigarette smoke-NDIR method.
  • 33
    • 0020533372 scopus 로고
    • Revised methods for the Salmonella Mutagenicity Test
    • Maron D.M., and Ames B.N. Revised methods for the Salmonella Mutagenicity Test. Mutat. Res. 113 (1983) 173-215
    • (1983) Mutat. Res. , vol.113 , pp. 173-215
    • Maron, D.M.1    Ames, B.N.2
  • 34
    • 33750608781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Massachusetts, 1997. Massachusetts General Laws, Ch. 94, Sect. 307B, 105 Code of Massachusetts Regulations 660.000 et seq.
  • 35
    • 33750606137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maxwell, J.C. Jr. February 2002. Year 2001 and fourth quarter 2001 sales estimates for the cigarette industry. 4703 Rolfe Road, Richmond, VA.
  • 36
    • 0001108982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cigarette design and materials
    • Davis D.L., and Nielsen M.T. (Eds), Blackwell Science, Inc., Malden, MA
    • Norman A. Cigarette design and materials. In: Davis D.L., and Nielsen M.T. (Eds). Tobacco Production, Chemistry, and Technology (1999), Blackwell Science, Inc., Malden, MA 353-387
    • (1999) Tobacco Production, Chemistry, and Technology , pp. 353-387
    • Norman, A.1
  • 37
    • 33750628511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • OECD, 1997a. Guideline 471 (updated). Bacterial reverse mutation test. In: OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD Publishing, Paris.
  • 38
    • 33750616789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • OECD, 1997b. Guideline 476 (updated). In vitro mammalian cell gene mutation test. In: OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD Publishing, Paris.
  • 39
    • 0141592290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicological evaluation of an electrically heated cigarette. Part 1: Overview of technical concepts and summary of findings
    • Patskan G., and Reininghaus W. Toxicological evaluation of an electrically heated cigarette. Part 1: Overview of technical concepts and summary of findings. J. Appl. Toxicol. 23 (2003) 323-328
    • (2003) J. Appl. Toxicol. , vol.23 , pp. 323-328
    • Patskan, G.1    Reininghaus, W.2
  • 41
    • 1642296409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current measurement reliability of selected smoke analytes
    • Purkis S.W., Hill C.A., and Bailey I.A. Current measurement reliability of selected smoke analytes. Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 20 (2003) 314-324
    • (2003) Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. , vol.20 , pp. 314-324
    • Purkis, S.W.1    Hill, C.A.2    Bailey, I.A.3
  • 42
    • 0036132804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of potential effects of ingredients added to cigarettes. Part 3: In vitro genotoxicity and cytotoxicity
    • Roemer E., Tewes F.J., Meisgen T.J., Veltel D.J., and Carmines E.L. Evaluation of potential effects of ingredients added to cigarettes. Part 3: In vitro genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. Food Chem. Toxicol. 40 (2002) 105-111
    • (2002) Food Chem. Toxicol. , vol.40 , pp. 105-111
    • Roemer, E.1    Tewes, F.J.2    Meisgen, T.J.3    Veltel, D.J.4    Carmines, E.L.5
  • 43
    • 0348047603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical composition, cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of smoke from commercial and reference cigarettes smoke under two sets of machine smoking conditions
    • Roemer E., Stabbert R., Rustemeier K., Veltel D.J., Meisgen T.J., Reininghaus W., Carchman R.A., Gaworski C.L., and Podraza K.F. Chemical composition, cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of smoke from commercial and reference cigarettes smoke under two sets of machine smoking conditions. Toxicology 195 (2004) 31-52
    • (2004) Toxicology , vol.195 , pp. 31-52
    • Roemer, E.1    Stabbert, R.2    Rustemeier, K.3    Veltel, D.J.4    Meisgen, T.J.5    Reininghaus, W.6    Carchman, R.A.7    Gaworski, C.L.8    Podraza, K.F.9
  • 44
    • 0036133254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the potential effects of ingredients added to cigarettes. Part 2: Chemical composition of mainstream smoke
    • Rustemeier K., Stabbert R., Haussmann H.-J., Roemer E., and Carmines E.L. Evaluation of the potential effects of ingredients added to cigarettes. Part 2: Chemical composition of mainstream smoke. Food Chem. Toxicol. 40 (2002) 93-104
    • (2002) Food Chem. Toxicol. , vol.40 , pp. 93-104
    • Rustemeier, K.1    Stabbert, R.2    Haussmann, H.-J.3    Roemer, E.4    Carmines, E.L.5
  • 45
    • 33750630338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using the mouse lymphoma TK assay to compare the mutagenicity of mainstream smoke condensate from research cigarettes
    • Schramke H., Tewes F.J., and Roemer E. Using the mouse lymphoma TK assay to compare the mutagenicity of mainstream smoke condensate from research cigarettes. The Toxicologist 66 1-S (2002) 71
    • (2002) The Toxicologist , vol.66 , Issue.1 -S , pp. 71
    • Schramke, H.1    Tewes, F.J.2    Roemer, E.3
  • 47
    • 0028907548 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the mutagenicity of mainstream cigarette smoke condensates from a representative sample of the U.S. cigarette market with a Kentucky reference cigarette (KY1R4F)
    • Steele R.H., Payne V.M., Fulp C.W., Rees D.C., Lee C.K., and Doolittle D.J. A comparison of the mutagenicity of mainstream cigarette smoke condensates from a representative sample of the U.S. cigarette market with a Kentucky reference cigarette (KY1R4F). Mutat. Res. 342 (1995) 179-190
    • (1995) Mutat. Res. , vol.342 , pp. 179-190
    • Steele, R.H.1    Payne, V.M.2    Fulp, C.W.3    Rees, D.C.4    Lee, C.K.5    Doolittle, D.J.6
  • 48
    • 0036085046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analysis of the mainstream smoke chemistry of samples of the U.S. cigarette market acquired between 1995 and 2000
    • Swauger J.E., Steichen T.J., Murphy P.A., and Kinsler S. An analysis of the mainstream smoke chemistry of samples of the U.S. cigarette market acquired between 1995 and 2000. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 35 (2002) 142-156
    • (2002) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.35 , pp. 142-156
    • Swauger, J.E.1    Steichen, T.J.2    Murphy, P.A.3    Kinsler, S.4
  • 50
    • 0141815464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicological evaluation of an electrically heated cigarette. Part 3. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of mainstream smoke
    • Tewes F.J., Meisgen T.J., Veltel D.J., Roemer E., and Patskan G. Toxicological evaluation of an electrically heated cigarette. Part 3. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of mainstream smoke. J. Appl. Toxicol. 23 (2003) 341-348
    • (2003) J. Appl. Toxicol. , vol.23 , pp. 341-348
    • Tewes, F.J.1    Meisgen, T.J.2    Veltel, D.J.3    Roemer, E.4    Patskan, G.5
  • 51
    • 33750617849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Texas. 1998. Administrative Code, Title 25, Part. 1. Chapter 101.1 et seq and Texas Health and Safety Code, Subchapter N, Section 161.251 et seq.
  • 52
    • 33750614842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TITL. April 24, 2003. Tobacco Industry Testing Laboratory Market Sample 45 Final Report: "Tar," "Nicotine," and Carbon Monoxide Values. Tobacco Industry Testing Laboratory, Inc., 9900 Campus Drive, Suite 300, Rockville, MD, USA.
  • 53
    • 0036204438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slurry sampling for the determination of arsenic, cadmium, chromium and lead in mainstream cigarette smoke condensate by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
    • Torrence K.M., McDaniel R.L., Self D.A., and Chang M.J. Slurry sampling for the determination of arsenic, cadmium, chromium and lead in mainstream cigarette smoke condensate by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 372 (2002) 723-731
    • (2002) Anal. Bioanal. Chem. , vol.372 , pp. 723-731
    • Torrence, K.M.1    McDaniel, R.L.2    Self, D.A.3    Chang, M.J.4
  • 54
    • 33750607068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Consumer Product Safety Commission (US CPSC). 1993. Toxicity testing plan for low ignition-potential cigarettes, vol. 5, Part 1. US CPSC, Washington, DC.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.