메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 91, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 814-831

Stereotypes: Static abstractions or dynamic knowledge structures?

Author keywords

Context sensitivity; Malleability of knowledge structures; Social categorization; Static abstraction; Stereotypes

Indexed keywords

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; COGNITION; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; DECISION MAKING; ETHNIC GROUP; FEMALE; HOMOSEXUALITY; HUMAN; MALE; PERCEPTION; PHYSIOLOGY; PORTUGAL; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; REPRODUCIBILITY; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; STUDENT;

EID: 33750358766     PISSN: 00223514     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.91.5.814     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (55)

References (97)
  • 1
    • 0002016466 scopus 로고
    • A personal perspective on social cognition
    • P. G. Devine, D. L. Hamilton, & T. M. Ostrom. San Diego, CA: Academic Press
    • Abelson, R. P. (1994). A personal perspective on social cognition. In P. G. Devine, D. L. Hamilton, & T. M. Ostrom, Social cognition: Impact on social psychology (pp. 15-39). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    • (1994) Social Cognition: Impact on Social Psychology , pp. 15-39
    • Abelson, R.P.1
  • 3
  • 4
    • 0000753266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A theoretical review of the misinformation effect: Predictions from an activation-based memory model
    • Ayers, M. S., & Reder, L. M. (1998). A theoretical review of the misinformation effect: Predictions from an activation-based memory model. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 5, 1-21.
    • (1998) Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , vol.5 , pp. 1-21
    • Ayers, M.S.1    Reder, L.M.2
  • 5
    • 0032331865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of expectancy violating behavior in the representation of trait knowledge: A summary-plus-cxception model of social memory
    • Dabey, S. H., Queller, S., & Klein, S. D. (1998). The role of expectancy violating behavior in the representation of trait knowledge: A summary-plus-cxception model of social memory. Social Cognition, 16, 287-339.
    • (1998) Social Cognition , vol.16 , pp. 287-339
    • Dabey, S.H.1    Queller, S.2    Klein, S.D.3
  • 6
    • 0020021788 scopus 로고
    • Context-independent and context-dependent information in concepts
    • Barsalou, L. W. (1982). Context-independent and context-dependent information in concepts. Memory and Cognition, 10, 82-93.
    • (1982) Memory and Cognition , vol.10 , pp. 82-93
    • Barsalou, L.W.1
  • 9
    • 0002720281 scopus 로고
    • The instability of graded structure: Implications for the nature of concepts
    • U. Neisser (Ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press
    • Barsalou, L. W. (1987). The instability of graded structure: Implications for the nature of concepts. In U. Neisser (Ed.), Concepts reconsidered: The ecological and intellectual bases of categories (pp. 101-140). New York: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1987) Concepts Reconsidered: The Ecological and Intellectual Bases of Categories , pp. 101-140
    • Barsalou, L.W.1
  • 10
    • 0002419496 scopus 로고
    • Intra-concept similarity and its implications for inter-concept similarity
    • S. Vosniadou & A. Ortony (Eds.). New York: Cambridge University Press
    • Barsalou, L. W. (1989). Intra-concept similarity and its implications for inter-concept similarity. In S. Vosniadou & A. Ortony (Eds.), Sinularity and analogical reasoning (pp. 76-116). New York: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1989) Sinularity and Analogical Reasoning , pp. 76-116
    • Barsalou, L.W.1
  • 12
    • 0013093610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Being there conceptually: Simulating categories in preparation for situated action
    • N. L. Stein, P. J. Bauer, & M. Rabinowitz (Eds.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Barsalou, L. W. (2002). Being there conceptually: Simulating categories in preparation for situated action. In N. L. Stein, P. J. Bauer, & M. Rabinowitz (Eds.), Representation, memory, and development: Essays in honor of Jean Mandler (pp. 1-16). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (2002) Representation, Memory, and Development: Essays in Honor of Jean Mandler , pp. 1-16
    • Barsalou, L.W.1
  • 15
    • 0000389274 scopus 로고
    • Concepts: Static definitions or context-dependent representations?
    • Barsalou, L. W., & Medin, D. L. (1986). Concepts: Static definitions or context-dependent representations? Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive, 6, 187-202.
    • (1986) Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive , vol.6 , pp. 187-202
    • Barsalou, L.W.1    Medin, D.L.2
  • 16
    • 0039959109 scopus 로고
    • Constructing representations of categories from different points of view
    • Emory University, Atlanta, GA
    • Barsalou, L. W., & Sewell, D. R. (1984). Constructing representations of categories from different points of view. Emory Cognition Technical Report #2 (pp. 1-66), Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
    • (1984) Emory Cognition Technical Report #2 , vol.2 , pp. 1-66
    • Barsalou, L.W.1    Sewell, D.R.2
  • 19
    • 84927457768 scopus 로고
    • Reliability of retrieval from semantic memory: Common categories
    • Bellezza, F. S. (1984a). Reliability of retrieval from semantic memory: Common categories. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 22, 324-326.
    • (1984) Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society , vol.22 , pp. 324-326
    • Bellezza, F.S.1
  • 20
    • 84950386502 scopus 로고
    • Reliability of retrieval from semantic memory: Noun meanings
    • Bellezra, F. S. (1984b). Reliability of retrieval from semantic memory: Noun meanings. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 22, 377-380.
    • (1984) Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society , vol.22 , pp. 377-380
    • Bellezra, F.S.1
  • 21
    • 33750306937 scopus 로고
    • Reliability of retrieval from semantic memory: Information about people
    • Bellezza, F. S. (1984c). Reliability of retrieval from semantic memory: Information about people. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 22, 511-513.
    • (1984) Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society , vol.22 , pp. 511-513
    • Bellezza, F.S.1
  • 22
    • 77956834782 scopus 로고
    • Self-perception theory
    • L. Berkowitz (Ed.). New York: Academic Press
    • Bem, D. J. (1972). Self-perception theory. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 6, pp. 1-62). New York: Academic Press.
    • (1972) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , vol.6 , pp. 1-62
    • Bem, D.J.1
  • 23
    • 0014712826 scopus 로고
    • Testing the self-perception explanation of dissonance phenomena: On the salience of premanipulated attitudes
    • Bem, D. J., & McConnell, H. K. (1970). Testing the self-perception explanation of dissonance phenomena: On the salience of premanipulated attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 14, 23-31.
    • (1970) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.14 , pp. 23-31
    • Bem, D.J.1    McConnell, H.K.2
  • 24
    • 21844518671 scopus 로고
    • Effects of atypical exemplars in racial beliefs: Enlightened racism or generalized appraisals?
    • Bodenhausen, G. V., Schwarz, N., Bless, H., & Wanke, M. (1995). Effects of atypical exemplars in racial beliefs: Enlightened racism or generalized appraisals? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 31, 48-63.
    • (1995) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.31 , pp. 48-63
    • Bodenhausen, G.V.1    Schwarz, N.2    Bless, H.3    Wanke, M.4
  • 25
    • 0002046520 scopus 로고
    • A dual process model of impression formation
    • R. Wyer & T. Srull (Eds.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Brewer, M. B. (1988). A dual process model of impression formation. In R. Wyer & T. Srull (Eds.), Advances in social cognition (Vol. 1, pp. 1-36). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1988) Advances in Social Cognition , vol.1 , pp. 1-36
    • Brewer, M.B.1
  • 27
    • 0001138117 scopus 로고
    • Schematic bases of belief change
    • J. R. Eiser (Ed.). New York: Springer-Verlag
    • Crocker, J., Fiske, S. T., & Taylor, S. B. (1984). Schematic bases of belief change. In J. R. Eiser (Ed.), Attitudinal judgment (pp. 197-226). New York: Springer-Verlag.
    • (1984) Attitudinal Judgment , pp. 197-226
    • Crocker, J.1    Fiske, S.T.2    Taylor, S.B.3
  • 28
    • 21344461648 scopus 로고
    • Are racial stereotypes really fading? The Princeton trilogy revisited
    • Devine, P. G., & Elliot, A. J. (1995). Are racial stereotypes really fading? The Princeton trilogy revisited. Personality and Social Psychological Bulletin, 21, 1139-1150.
    • (1995) Personality and Social Psychological Bulletin , vol.21 , pp. 1139-1150
    • Devine, P.G.1    Elliot, A.J.2
  • 29
    • 0040916756 scopus 로고
    • Integrating retrieval cues as a mechanism for priming in retrieval from memory
    • Dosher, B., & Rosedale, G. (1989). Integrating retrieval cues as a mechanism for priming in retrieval from memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 16, 519-555.
    • (1989) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.16 , pp. 519-555
    • Dosher, B.1    Rosedale, G.2
  • 30
    • 0002637167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereotyping, prejudice and discrimination: Another look
    • C. N. Macrae, C. Stangor, & M. Hewstone (Eds.). New York: Guilford Press
    • Dovidio, J. F., Brigham, J. C., Johnson, B. T., & Gaertner, S. L. (1996). Stereotyping, prejudice and discrimination: Another look. In C. N. Macrae, C. Stangor, & M. Hewstone (Eds.), Stereotypes and stereotyping (pp. 276-319). New York: Guilford Press.
    • (1996) Stereotypes and Stereotyping , pp. 276-319
    • Dovidio, J.F.1    Brigham, J.C.2    Johnson, B.T.3    Gaertner, S.L.4
  • 31
    • 85047684184 scopus 로고
    • Attention and weight in person perception: The impact of negative and extreme behavior
    • Fiske, S. T. (1980). Attention and weight in person perception: The impact of negative and extreme behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 889-906.
    • (1980) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.38 , pp. 889-906
    • Fiske, S.T.1
  • 32
    • 77957060940 scopus 로고
    • A continuum of impression formation from category-based to individuating processes: Influences of information and motivation on attention and interpretation
    • L. Berkowitz (Ed.). San Diego, CA: Academic Press
    • Fiske, S. T., & Neuberg, S. L. (1990). A continuum of impression formation from category-based to individuating processes: Influences of information and motivation on attention and interpretation. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 23, pp. 1-74). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    • (1990) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , vol.23 , pp. 1-74
    • Fiske, S.T.1    Neuberg, S.L.2
  • 34
    • 0033228353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of stereotype-incongruent information on perceived group variability and stereotype change
    • Garcia-Marques, L., & Mackie, D. M. (1999). The impact of stereotype-incongruent information on perceived group variability and stereotype change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 979-990.
    • (1999) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.77 , pp. 979-990
    • Garcia-Marques, L.1    Mackie, D.M.2
  • 35
    • 0000333788 scopus 로고
    • Stereotype persistence and change among college students
    • Gilbert, G. M. (1951). Stereotype persistence and change among college students. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 46, 245-254.
    • (1951) Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , vol.46 , pp. 245-254
    • Gilbert, G.M.1
  • 37
    • 0002986755 scopus 로고
    • Stereotypes
    • R. S. Wyer, Jr., & T. K. Srull (Eds.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Hamilton, D. L., & Sherman, J. W. (1994). Stereotypes. In R. S. Wyer, Jr., & T. K. Srull (Eds.), Handbook of social cognition (2nd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 1-68). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1994) Handbook of Social Cognition (2nd Ed.) , vol.2 , pp. 1-68
    • Hamilton, D.L.1    Sherman, J.W.2
  • 38
    • 0001876299 scopus 로고
    • Stereotypes and stereotyping: An overview of the cognitive approach
    • J. Dovidio. & S. L. Gaertner (Eds.). New York: Academic Press
    • Hamilton, D. L., & Trolier, T. K. (1986). Stereotypes and stereotyping: An overview of the cognitive approach. In J. Dovidio. & S. L. Gaertner (Eds.), Prejudice, discrimination, and racism (pp. 127-163). New York: Academic Press.
    • (1986) Prejudice, Discrimination, and Racism , pp. 127-163
    • Hamilton, D.L.1    Trolier, T.K.2
  • 39
    • 33645832308 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between memory and judgment depends on whether the judgment task is memory-based or on-line
    • Hastie, R., & Park, B. (1986). The relationship between memory and judgment depends on whether the judgment task is memory-based or on-line. Psychological Review, 93, 258-268.
    • (1986) Psychological Review , vol.93 , pp. 258-268
    • Hastie, R.1    Park, B.2
  • 40
    • 0033632927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social cognition: Learning about what matters in the social world
    • Higgins, E. T. (2000). Social cognition: Learning about what matters in the social world. European Journal of Social Psychology, 30, 3-39.
    • (2000) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.30 , pp. 3-39
    • Higgins, E.T.1
  • 41
    • 0343408338 scopus 로고
    • "Schema abstraction" in a multiple-trace memory model
    • Hintzman, D. L. (1986). "Schema abstraction" in a multiple-trace memory model. Psychological Review, 93, 411-428.
    • (1986) Psychological Review , vol.93 , pp. 411-428
    • Hintzman, D.L.1
  • 42
    • 0038874939 scopus 로고
    • Cut-group homogeneity: Judgments of variability at the individual and group levels
    • Judd, C. M., & Park, B. (1988). Cut-group homogeneity: Judgments of variability at the individual and group levels. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 778-788.
    • (1988) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.54 , pp. 778-788
    • Judd, C.M.1    Park, B.2
  • 43
    • 0000050520 scopus 로고
    • Norm theory: Comparing reality to its alternatives
    • Kahneman, D., & Miller, D. T. (1986). Norm theory: Comparing reality to its alternatives. Psychological Review, 93, 136-153.
    • (1986) Psychological Review , vol.93 , pp. 136-153
    • Kahneman, D.1    Miller, D.T.2
  • 44
    • 0014565856 scopus 로고
    • On the fading of social stereotypes: Studies in three generations of college students
    • Karlins, M., Coffman, T. L., & Walters, G. (1969). On the fading of social stereotypes: Studies in three generations of college students. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 13, 1-16.
    • (1969) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.13 , pp. 1-16
    • Karlins, M.1    Coffman, T.L.2    Walters, G.3
  • 45
    • 0007298759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of group impression formation: The tensor product model of exemplar-based social category learning
    • S. Y. Read & L. C. Miller (Eds.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Kashima, Y., Woolcock, J., & King, D. (1998). The dynamics of group impression formation: The tensor product model of exemplar-based social category learning. In S. Y. Read & L. C. Miller (Eds.), Connectianist models of social reasoning and social behavior (pp. 71-110). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1998) Connectianist Models of Social Reasoning and Social Behavior , pp. 71-110
    • Kashima, Y.1    Woolcock, J.2    King, D.3
  • 48
    • 0001743681 scopus 로고
    • Die processes of causal attribution
    • Kelley, H. H. (1973)'Die processes of causal attribution. American Psychologist, 28, 107-128.
    • (1973) American Psychologist , vol.28 , pp. 107-128
    • Kelley, H.H.1
  • 50
    • 0026477904 scopus 로고
    • ALCOVE: An exemplar-based connectionist model of category learning
    • Kruschke, J. K. (1992). ALCOVE: An exemplar-based connectionist model of category learning. Psychological Review, 99, 22-44.
    • (1992) Psychological Review , vol.99 , pp. 22-44
    • Kruschke, J.K.1
  • 51
    • 21144476131 scopus 로고
    • Exemplar and abstraction models of perceived group variability and stereotypicality
    • Linville, P. W., & Fischer, G. W. (1993). Exemplar and abstraction models of perceived group variability and stereotypicality. Social Cognition, 11, 92-125.
    • (1993) Social Cognition , vol.11 , pp. 92-125
    • Linville, P.W.1    Fischer, G.W.2
  • 52
    • 0024713622 scopus 로고
    • Perceived distributions of characteristics of in-group and out-group members: Empirical evidence and a computer simulation
    • Linville, P. W., Fischer, G. W., & Salovey, P. (1989). Perceived distributions of characteristics of in-group and out-group members: Empirical evidence and a computer simulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 165-188.
    • (1989) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.57 , pp. 165-188
    • Linville, P.W.1    Fischer, G.W.2    Salovey, P.3
  • 53
    • 0010102482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitude representation theory
    • M. Zanna (Ed.). New York: Academic Press
    • Lord, C. G., & Lepper, M. R. (1999). Attitude representation theory. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 31, pp. 265-343). New York: Academic Press.
    • (1999) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , vol.31 , pp. 265-343
    • Lord, C.G.1    Lepper, M.R.2
  • 54
    • 0003010366 scopus 로고
    • Judging a book by its cover: A cognitive analysis of the relationship between physical appearance and stereotyping
    • A. H. Hastorf & A. M. Isen (Eds.). New York: Elsevier/Elsevier Science
    • Mac-Arthur, L. Z. (1982). Judging a book by its cover: A cognitive analysis of the relationship between physical appearance and stereotyping. In A. H. Hastorf & A. M. Isen (Eds.), Cognitive social psychology (pp. 149-212). New York: Elsevier/Elsevier Science.
    • (1982) Cognitive Social Psychology , pp. 149-212
    • Mac-Arthur, L.Z.1
  • 56
    • 0018057167 scopus 로고
    • Natural categories: Well defined or furay sets?
    • McCloskey, M. E., & Glucksberg, S. (1978). Natural categories: Well defined or furay sets? Memory and Cognition, 6, 462-472.
    • (1978) Memory and Cognition , vol.6 , pp. 462-472
    • McCloskey, M.E.1    Glucksberg, S.2
  • 57
    • 50149102608 scopus 로고
    • A contextualist theory of knowledge: Its implications for innovation and reform in psychological research
    • McGuire, W. L. (1983). A contextualist theory of knowledge: Its implications for innovation and reform in psychological research. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 16, 1-47.
    • (1983) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , vol.16 , pp. 1-47
    • McGuire, W.L.1
  • 60
    • 0003020002 scopus 로고
    • Psychological essentialism
    • S. Vosniadou & A. Ortony (Eds.). New York: Cambridge University Press
    • Medin, D. L., & Ortony, A. (1989). Psychological essentialism. In S. Vosniadou & A. Ortony (Eds.), Similarity and analogical reasoning (pp. 179-196). New York: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1989) Similarity and Analogical Reasoning , pp. 179-196
    • Medin, D.L.1    Ortony, A.2
  • 61
    • 0342973074 scopus 로고
    • A context theory of classification learning
    • Medin, D. L., & Schaffer, M. M. (1978). A context theory of classification learning. Psychological Review, 85, 207-238.
    • (1978) Psychological Review , vol.85 , pp. 207-238
    • Medin, D.L.1    Schaffer, M.M.2
  • 63
    • 0022100714 scopus 로고
    • The role of theories in conceptual coherence
    • Murphy, G. L., & Medin, D. L. (1985). The role of theories in conceptual coherence. Psychological Review, 92, 289-316.
    • (1985) Psychological Review , vol.92 , pp. 289-316
    • Murphy, G.L.1    Medin, D.L.2
  • 64
    • 0023174102 scopus 로고
    • Attention and learning processes in the identification and categorization of integral stimuli
    • Nosofsky, R. M. (1987). Attention and learning processes in the identification and categorization of integral stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 13, 87-109.
    • (1987) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition , vol.13 , pp. 87-109
    • Nosofsky, R.M.1
  • 65
    • 0031112464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An exemplar-based random walk model of speeded classification
    • Nosofsky, R. M., & Palmeri, T. J. (1997). An exemplar-based random walk model of speeded classification. Psychological Review, 104, 266-300.
    • (1997) Psychological Review , vol.104 , pp. 266-300
    • Nosofsky, R.M.1    Palmeri, T.J.2
  • 66
    • 0019526601 scopus 로고
    • On the adequacy of prototype theory as a theory of concepts
    • Osherson, D. N., & Smith, E. E. (1981). On the adequacy of prototype theory as a theory of concepts. Cognition, 9, 35-58.
    • (1981) Cognition , vol.9 , pp. 35-58
    • Osherson, D.N.1    Smith, E.E.2
  • 67
    • 85047673503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subtyping versus bookkeeping in stereo-type learning and change: Connectionist simulations and empirical findings
    • Queller, S., & Smith, E. (2002). Subtyping versus bookkeeping in stereo-type learning and change: Connectionist simulations and empirical findings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 300-313.
    • (2002) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.82 , pp. 300-313
    • Queller, S.1    Smith, E.2
  • 68
    • 0024042452 scopus 로고
    • A retrieval theory of priming
    • Ratcliff, R., & McKoon, G. (1988). A retrieval theory of priming. Psychological Review, 95, 385-408.
    • (1988) Psychological Review , vol.95 , pp. 385-408
    • Ratcliff, R.1    McKoon, G.2
  • 69
    • 0003063647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metacognition does not imply awareness: Strategy choice is governed by implicit learning and memory
    • L. M. Reder (F.d.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Reder, L. M., & Schunn, C. D. (1996). Metacognition does not imply awareness: Strategy choice is governed by implicit learning and memory. In L. M. Reder (F.d.), Implicit memory and metacognition (pp. 45-77). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1996) Implicit Memory and Metacognition , pp. 45-77
    • Reder, L.M.1    Schunn, C.D.2
  • 70
    • 0242631621 scopus 로고
    • Family resemblances: Studies in the internal structure of categories
    • Rosch, E. H., & Mervis, C. B. (1975). Family resemblances: Studies in the internal structure of categories. Cognitive Psychology, 7, 573-605.
    • (1975) Cognitive Psychology , vol.7 , pp. 573-605
    • Rosch, E.H.1    Mervis, C.B.2
  • 71
    • 0001327297 scopus 로고
    • Remembering one's own past: The construction of personal histories
    • R. M. Sorrentino & E. T. Higgins (Eds.). New York: Guilford Press
    • Ross, M., & Conway, M. (1986). Remembering one's own past: The construction of personal histories. In R. M. Sorrentino & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), The handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior (122-144). New York: Guilford Press.
    • (1986) The Handbook of Motivation and Cognition: Foundations of Social Behavior , pp. 122-144
    • Ross, M.1    Conway, M.2
  • 72
    • 0015677070 scopus 로고
    • Increasing the salience of initial attitudes: Dissonance versus self-perception theory
    • Ross, M., & Shulman, R. F. (1973). Increasing the salience of initial attitudes: Dissonance versus self-perception theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 28, 138-144.
    • (1973) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.28 , pp. 138-144
    • Ross, M.1    Shulman, R.F.2
  • 73
    • 0000496950 scopus 로고
    • The effects of context on the structure of categories
    • Roth, E. M., & Shoben, E. J. (1983). The effects of context on the structure of categories. Cognitive Psychology, 15, 346-378.
    • (1983) Cognitive Psychology , vol.15 , pp. 346-378
    • Roth, E.M.1    Shoben, E.J.2
  • 74
    • 84993865866 scopus 로고
    • Social categorization and behavior episodes: A cognitive analysis of the effects of intergroup contact
    • Rothhart, M., & John, O. P. (1985). Social categorization and behavior episodes: A cognitive analysis of the effects of intergroup contact. Journal of Social Issues, 41, 81-104.
    • (1985) Journal of Social Issues , vol.41 , pp. 81-104
    • Rothhart, M.1    John, O.P.2
  • 75
    • 0001782766 scopus 로고
    • Intergroup relations and stereotype change: A social-cognitive analysis and some longitudinal findings
    • P. M. Sniderman, P. E. Tetlock, & E. G. Carmines (Eds.). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press
    • Rothbart, M., & John, O. P. (1993). Intergroup relations and stereotype change: A social-cognitive analysis and some longitudinal findings. In P. M. Sniderman, P. E. Tetlock, & E. G. Carmines (Eds.), Prejudice, politics and the American dilemma (pp. 32-59). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
    • (1993) Prejudice, Politics and the American Dilemma , pp. 32-59
    • Rothbart, M.1    John, O.P.2
  • 76
    • 0024237863 scopus 로고
    • Inferring category attributes from exemplar attributes: Geometric shapes and social categories
    • Rothbart, M., & Lewis, S. (1988). Inferring category attributes from exemplar attributes: Geometric shapes and social categories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 861-872.
    • (1988) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.55 , pp. 861-872
    • Rothbart, M.1    Lewis, S.2
  • 79
    • 0000724985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical significance testing and cumulative knowledge in psychology: Implications for the training of researchers
    • Schmidt, F. L. (1996). Statistical significance testing and cumulative knowledge in psychology: Implications for the training of researchers. Psychological Methods, 1, 115-129.
    • (1996) Psychological Methods , vol.1 , pp. 115-129
    • Schmidt, F.L.1
  • 80
    • 0030162973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and mental representation of stereo-types
    • Sherman, J. W. (1996). Development and mental representation of stereo-types. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 1126-1142.
    • (1996) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.70 , pp. 1126-1142
    • Sherman, J.W.1
  • 83
    • 38249027096 scopus 로고
    • Category accessibility effects in a simulated exemplar-based memory
    • Smith, E. R. (1988). Category accessibility effects in a simulated exemplar-based memory. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 24, 448-463.
    • (1988) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.24 , pp. 448-463
    • Smith, E.R.1
  • 84
    • 38249025367 scopus 로고
    • Procedural efficiency: General and specific components and effects on social judgment
    • Smith, E. R. (1989). Procedural efficiency: General and specific components and effects on social judgment. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 25, 500-523.
    • (1989) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.25 , pp. 500-523
    • Smith, E.R.1
  • 85
    • 0003092221 scopus 로고
    • Content and process specificity in the effects of prior experiences
    • T. K. Srull & R. S. Wyer. Jr. (Eds.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Smith, E. R. (1990). Content and process specificity in the effects of prior experiences. In T. K. Srull & R. S. Wyer. Jr. (Eds.), Advances in social cognition (Vol. 3, pp. 1-59). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1990) Advances in Social Cognition , vol.3 , pp. 1-59
    • Smith, E.R.1
  • 86
    • 0003250109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mental representations and memory
    • D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.). New York: McGraw-Hill
    • Smith, E. R. (1998). Mental representations and memory. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (4th ed., Vol. 1, pp. 391-445). New York: McGraw-Hill.
    • (1998) The Handbook of Social Psychology (4th Ed.) , vol.1 , pp. 391-445
    • Smith, E.R.1
  • 87
    • 0031614007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Knowledge acquisition, accessibility, and use in person perception and stereotyping: Simulation with a recurrent connectionist network
    • Smith, E. R., & DeCoster, J. (1998). Knowledge acquisition, accessibility, and use in person perception and stereotyping: Simulation with a recurrent connectionist network. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 21-35.
    • (1998) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.74 , pp. 21-35
    • Smith, E.R.1    DeCoster, J.2
  • 89
    • 0002572585 scopus 로고
    • Exemplar-based model of social judgments
    • Smith, E. R., & Zárate, M. A. (1992). Exemplar-based model of social judgments. Psychological Review, 99, 3-21.
    • (1992) Psychological Review , vol.99 , pp. 3-21
    • Smith, E.R.1    Zárate, M.A.2
  • 90
    • 0003051199 scopus 로고
    • On the self-perpetuating nature of social stereotypes
    • D. L. Hamilton (Ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Snyder, M. (1981). On the self-perpetuating nature of social stereotypes. In D. L. Hamilton (Ed.), Cognitive processes in stereotyping and inter-group behavior (pp. 183-212). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1981) Cognitive Processes in Stereotyping and Inter-group Behavior , pp. 183-212
    • Snyder, M.1
  • 91
    • 0002122543 scopus 로고
    • A categorization approach to stereotyping
    • D. L. Hamilton (Ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Taylor, S. E. (1981). A categorization approach to stereotyping. In D. L. Hamilton (Ed.), Cognitive processes in stereotyping and intergroup behavior (pp. 83-114). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1981) Cognitive Processes in Stereotyping and Intergroup Behavior , pp. 83-114
    • Taylor, S.E.1
  • 93
    • 21844514951 scopus 로고
    • A computer network model of human transactive memory
    • Wegner, D. M. (1995). A computer network model of human transactive memory. Social Cognition, 13, 319-339.
    • (1995) Social Cognition , vol.13 , pp. 319-339
    • Wegner, D.M.1
  • 94
    • 0002027066 scopus 로고
    • Attitudes as temporary constructions
    • L. L. Martin & A. Tesser (Eds.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Wilson, T. D., & Hodges, S. D. (1992). Attitudes as temporary constructions. In L. L. Martin & A. Tesser (Eds.), The construction of social judgments (pp. 37-65). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1992) The Construction of Social Judgments , pp. 37-65
    • Wilson, T.D.1    Hodges, S.D.2
  • 97
    • 0000949065 scopus 로고
    • Person categorization and stereo-typing
    • Zárate, M. A., & Smith, E. R. (1990). Person categorization and stereo-typing. Social Cognition, 8, 161-185.
    • (1990) Social Cognition , vol.8 , pp. 161-185
    • Zárate, M.A.1    Smith, E.R.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.