Child maltreatment and the developing HPA axis

Hormones and Behavior

Volumn 50, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 632-639

  Tarullo, Amanda R ^a   Gunnar, Megan R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

Author keywords

Glucocorticoids; Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis; Maltreatment; Stress

Indexed keywords

CORTICOTROPIN; HYDROCORTISONE;

ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR; ARTICLE; CAREGIVER; CHILD; CHILD ABUSE; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; COPING BEHAVIOR; CORTICOTROPIN BLOOD LEVEL; DISTRESS SYNDROME; DYSTHYMIA; EMOTIONAL STRESS; EXPERIENCE; FIGHTING; HORMONE DETERMINATION; HUMAN; HYDROCORTISONE BLOOD LEVEL; HYDROCORTISONE URINE LEVEL; HYPOTHALAMUS HYPOPHYSIS ADRENAL SYSTEM; LIFE EVENT; MENTAL STRESS; NONHUMAN; POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEPARATION ANXIETY; SOCIAL ADAPTATION; SOCIAL PROBLEM; SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RAT; SYMPTOMATOLOGY;

ANIMALS; CHILD ABUSE; HUMANS; HYDROCORTISONE; HYPOTHALAMO-HYPOPHYSEAL SYSTEM; INFANT; MODELS, ANIMAL; PITUITARY-ADRENAL SYSTEM;

EID: 33748120525     PISSN: 0018506X     EISSN: 10956867     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2006.06.010     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Ahnert L., Gunnar M., Lamb M., and Barthel M. Transition to child care: associations with infant-mother attachment, infant negative emotion and cortisol elevations. Child Dev. 75 (2004) 639-650
2. Ames E.W. The Development of Romanian Orphanage Children Adopted Into Canada. Final Report to Human Resources Development, Canada (1997), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
3. Barr C., Newman T., Shannon C., Parker C., Dvoskin R., Becker M., Schwandt M., Champoux M., Lesch K., Goldman D., Suomi S., and Higley J. Rearing condition and rh5-HTTLPR interact to influence limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to stress in infant macaques. Biol. Psychiat. 55 (2004) 733-738
4. Boyce W.T., Champoux M., Suomi S.J., and Gunnar M.R. Salivary cortisol in nursery reared Rhesus monkeys: reactivity to peer interactions and altered circadian activity. Dev. Psychobiol. 28 (1995) 257-267
5. Bremner J.D., Vythilingam N., Vermeetn E., Adil J., Khan S., Nazeer A., Afzal N., Elzinga B., Anderson G.M., Henniger G., Southwick S.M., and Charney D.S. Cortisol response to a cognitive stress challenge in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) related to childhood abuse. Psychoneuroendocrinology 28 (2003) 733-750
6. Bruce J., Kroupina M., Parker S., and Gunnar M. The Relationships Between Cortisol Patterns, Growth Retardation, and Developmental Delays in Post-Institutionalized Children. Presented at International Conference on Infant Studies, Brighton, England (2000)
7. Bruce, J., Fisher, P.A., Pears, K.C., Levine, S., in preparation. Morning cortisol levels in preschool-aged foster children: differential effects of maltreatment type.
8. Carlson M., and Earls F. Psychological and neuroendocrinological sequelae of early social deprivation in institutionalized children in Romania. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 807 (1997) 419-428
9. Carlson M., Dragomir C., Earls F., Farrell M., Macovei O., Nystrom P., and Sparling J. Effects of social deprivation on cortisol regulation in institutionalized Romanian infants. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 21 (1995) 524
10. Carrion V., Weems C., Ray R., Glaser B., Hessl D., and Reiss A. Diurnal salivary cortisol in pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol. Psychiat. 51 (2002) 575-582
11. Caspi A., McClay J., Moffit T., Mill J., Martin J., Craig I., Taylor A., and Poulton R. Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children. Science 297 (2002) 851
12. Caspi A., Sugden K., Moffitt T., Taylor A., Craig I., Harrington H., McClay J., Mill J., Martin J., Braithwaite A., and Poulton R. Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science 301 (2003) 386
13. Cicchetti D., and Rogosch F. Diverse patterns of neuroendocrine activity in maltreated children. Dev. Psychopathol. 13 (2001) 677-720
14. Cicchetti D., and Rogosch F. The impact of child maltreatment and psychopathology on neuroendocrine functioning. Dev. Psychopathol. 13 (2001) 783-804
15. De Bellis M., Chrousos G., Dorn L., Burke L., Helmers K., Kling M., Trickett P., and Putman F. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation in sexually abused girls. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 78 (1994) 249-255
16. De Bellis M., Baum A., Birmaher B., Keshavan M., Eccard C., Boring A., Jenkins F., and Ryan N. Developmental traumatology, part 1: biological stress systems. Biol. Psychiat. 45 (1999) 1259-1270
17. De Bellis M., and Putnam F. The psychobiology of childhood maltreatment. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. Clin. N. Am. 3 (1994) 1-16
18. de Haan M., Gunnar M., Tout K., Hart J., and Stansbury K. Familiar and novel context yield different associations between cortisol and behavior among 2-year-olds. Dev. Psychobiol. 31 (1998) 93-101
19. de Kloet E. Brain corticosteroid receptor balance and homeostatic control. Front Neuroendocrinol. 12 (1991) 95-164
20. Dettling A., Pryce C.R., Martin R.D., and Döbeli M. Physiological responses to parental separation and a strange situation are related to parental care received in juvenile Goeldi's monkeys (Callimico goeldii). Dev. Psychobiol. 33 (1998) 21-31
21. Dettling A., Parker S.W., Lane S., Sebanc A., and Gunnar M.R. Quality of care and temperament determine whether cortisol levels rise over the day for children in full-day childcare. Psychoneuoendocrinology 25 (2000) 819-836
22. Fisher P.A., Gunnar M.R., Chamberlain P., and Reid J.B. Preventive intervention for maltreated preschool children: impact on children's behavior, neuroendocrine activity, and foster parent functioning. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiat. 39 (2000) 1356-1364
23. Goodyer I.M., Herbert J., and Althan P. Adrenal steroid secretion and major depression in 8- to 16-year olds, III. influence of cortisol/DHEA ratio at presentation on subsequent rates of disappointing life events and persistent major depression. Psychol. Med. 28 (1998) 265-273
24. Gunnar M. Reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system to stressors in normal infants and children. Pediatrics 80 (1992) 491-497
25. Gunnar M., and Donzella B. Social regulation of the LHPA axis in early human development. Psychoneuroendocrinology 27 (2001) 199-220
26. Gunnar M., and Vazquez D. Stress neurobiology and developmental psychopathology. In: Cicchetti D., and Cohen D. (Eds). Developmental Psychopathology. (2nd ed.). Developmental Neuroscience Vol. 2 (2006), Wiley, NY 533-577
27. Gunnar M., Larson M., Hertsgaard L., Harris M., and Brodersen L. The stressfulness of separation among 9-month-old infants: effects of social context variables and infant temperament. Child Dev. 63 (1992) 290-303
28. Gunnar M., Brodersen L., Krueger K., and Rigatuso J. Dampening of adrenocortical responses during infancy: normative changes and individual differences. Child Dev. 67 (1996) 877-889
29. Gunnar M., Brodersen L., Nachmias M., Buss K., and Rigatuso R. Stress reactivity and attachment security. Dev. Psychobiol. 29 (1996) 10-36
30. Gunnar M., Tout K., de Haan M., Pierce S., and Stansbury K. Temperament, social competence, and adrenocortical activity in preschoolers. Dev. Psychobiol. 31 (1997) 65-85
31. Gunnar M.R., Bruce J., and Grotevant H. International adoption of institutionally reared children: research and policy. Dev. Psychopathol. 12 (2000) 677-693
32. Gunnar M., Morison S.J., Chisholm K., and Schuder M. Salivary cortisol levels in children adopted from Romanian orphanages. Dev. Psychopathol. 13 (2001) 611-628
33. Halligan S., Herbert J., Goodyer I.M., and Murray L. Exposure to postnatal depression predicts elevated cortisol in adolescent offspring. Biol. Psychiat. 55 (2004) 376-381
34. Hardie T., Moss H., Vanyukov M., Yao J., and Kirillovac G. Does adverse family environment or sex matter in the salivary cortisol responses to anticipatory stress?. Psychiat. Res. 111 (2002) 121-131
35. Hart J., Gunnar M., and Cicchetti D. Salivary cortisol in maltreated children: evidence of relations between neuroendocrine activity and social competence. Dev. Psychopathol. 7 (1995) 11-26
36. Hart J., Gunnar M., and Cicchetti D. Altered neuroendocrine activity in maltreated children related to symptoms of depression. Dev. Psychopathol. 8 (1996) 201-214
37. Heim C., and Nemeroff C. The role of childhood trauma in the neurobiology of mood and anxiety disorders: preclinical and clinical studies. Biol. Psychiat. 49 (2001) 1023-1039
38. Heim C., Newport D.J., Heit S., Graham Y.P., Wilcox M.B., Miller R., and Nemeroff A.H. Pituitary-adrenal and autonomic responses to stress in women after sexual and physical abuse in childhood. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 284 (2000) 592-597
39. Heim C., Newport D., Bonsall R., Miller A., and Nemeroff C. Altered pituitary adrenal axis responses to provocative challenge tests in adult survivors of childhood abuse. Am. J. Psychiat. 158 (2001) 575-581
40. Heim C., Plotsky P., and Nemeroff C. Importance of studying the contributions of early adverse experience to neurobiological findings in depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 29 (2004) 641-648
41. Hertsgaard L., Gunnar M.R., Erickson M., and Nachmias M. Adrenocortical responses to the strange situation in infants with disorganized/disoriented attachment relationships. Child Dev. 66 (1995) 1100-1106
42. Jacobson S., Bihun J., Chiodo L., and Berube R. Differences in cortisol levels in infants exposed prenatally to alcohol and cocaine. Infant Behav. Dev. 17 (1994) 722
43. Johnson D.E. The impact of orphanage rearing on growth and development. In: Nelson C.A. (Ed). The Effects of Adversity on Neurobehavioral Development. Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology vol. 31 (2000), Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ 113-162
44. Kaufman J. Depressive disorders in maltreated children. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psych. 30 (1991) 257-265
45. Kaufman J., Birmaher B., Perel J., Dahl R.E., Moreci P., Nelson B., Wells W., and Ryan N.D. The corticotropin-releasing hormone challenge in depressed abused, depressed nonabused, and normal control children. Biol. Psychiatry 42 (1997) 669-679
46. Kaufman J., Yang B.Z., Douglas-Palumberi H., Houshyar S., Lipschitz D., et al. Social supports and serotonin transporter gene moderate depression in maltreated children. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 101 (2004) 17316-17321
47. Kertes, D., Gunnar, M., Madsen, N., Long, J., in press. Early deprivation and home basal cortisol levels: a study of internationally-adopted children. Dev. Psychopathol.
48. King J. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and the stress response. Biol. Psychiatry 44 (1998) 72-74
49. Klimes-Dougan B., Hastings P.D., Granger D.A., Usher B.A., and Zahn-Waxler C. Adrenocortical activity in at-risk and normally developing adolescents: individual differences in salivary cortisol basal levels, diurnal variation, and responses to social challenges. Dev. Psychopathol. 13 (2001) 695-719
50. Kroupina M., Gunnar M.R., and Johnson D.E. Report on Salivary Cortisol Levels in a Russian Baby Home. Institute of Child Development (1997), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
51. Larson M., White B.P., Cochran A., Donzella B., and Gunnar M. Dampening of the cortisol response to handling at 3-months in human infants and its relation to sleep, circadian cortisol activity, and behavioral distress. Dev. Psychobiol. 33 (1998) 327-337
52. Lewis M., and Ramsay D. Developmental change in infants' responses to stress. Child Dev. 66 (1995) 657-670
53. Main M., and Solomon J. Procedures for identifying infants as disorganized/disoriented during the Ainsworth strange situation. In: Greenberg M.T., Cicchetti D., and Cummings M.E. (Eds). Attachment in the Preschool Years: Theory, Research, and Intervention (1990), University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL 121-160
54. Masten A., Best K., and Garmezy N. Resilience and development: contributions from the study of children who overcome adversity. Dev. Psychopathol. 2 (1990) 425-444
55. McBurnett K., Lahey B.B., Frick P.J., Risch C., Loeber R., Hart E.L., Christ M.-A.G., and Hanson K.S. Anxiety, inhibition, and conduct disorder in children: II. Relation to salivary cortisol. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psych. 30 (1991) 192-196
56. McBurnett K., Lahey B.B., Rathouz P.K., and Loeber R. Low salivary cortisol and persistent aggression in boys referred for disruptive behavior. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 57 (2000) 38-43
57. McCormack K., Grand A., LaPrairie J., Fulks R., Graff A., Maestripieri D., Plotsky P.M., and Sanchez M.M. Behavioral and neuroendocrine outcomes of infant maltreatment in rhesus monkeys: the first four months. Soc. Neurosci. 641 (2003) 14
58. Moss H.B., Vanyukov M.M., and Martin C.S. Salivary cortisol responses and the risk for substance abuse in prepubertal boys. Biol. Psychiatry 38 (1995) 547-555
59. Nachmias M., Gunnar M., Mangelsdorf S., Parritz R., and Buss K. Behavioral inhibition and stress reactivity: moderating role of attachment security. Child Dev. 67 (1996) 508-522
60. Netherton C.M., Goodyer I.M., Tamplin A., and Hertbert J. Salivary cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone in relation to puberty and gender. Psychoneuoendocrinology 29 (2004) 125-140
61. Putnam F. Personal communication with Megan Gunnar (2003) (June 10)
62. Rinne T., de Kloet E.R., Wouters L., Goekoop J.G., DeRijk R.H., and van den Brink W. Hyperresponsiveness of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to combined dexamethasone/corticotropin-releasing hormone challenge in female borderline personality disorder subjects with a history of sustained childhood abuse. Biol. Psychiatry 52 (2002) 1102-1112
63. Roy A. Urinary free cortisol and childhood trauma in cocaine dependent adults. J. Psychiatr. Res. 36 (2002) 173-177
64. Rutter M., Andersen-Wood L., Beckett C., Bredenkamp D., Castle J., and Groothues C. Quasi-autistic patterns following severe early global privation. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 40 (1999) 537-549
65. Sanchez M.M., Lyon C.K., Noble P.L., Crawford J.L., Boudreau M., Higley J.D., Nemeroff C.B., Plotsky P.M., Newman T.K., and Winslow J.T. Maternal Separation Alters Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis Function in Rhesus Macaques: Effects of Sex and Serotonin Transporter Gene Variation. 60th Annual Meeting of the Society of Biological Psychiatry (May 19-21, Atlanta, GA) (2005)
66. Sapolsky R., Romero L., and Munck A. How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Integrating permissive, stimulatory, and preparative actions. Endocr. Rev. 21 (2000) 55-89
67. Spangler G., and Grossmann K.E. Biobehavioral organization in securely and insecurely attached infants. Child Dev. 64 (1993) 1439-1450
68. Spangler G., and Schieche M. Emotional and adrenocortical responses of infants to the strange situation: the differential function of emotional expression. Int. J. Behav. Dev. 22 (1998) 681-706
69. Sroufe L.A. Infant-caregiver attachment and patterns of adaptation in preschool: the roots of maladaptation and competence. In: Perlmutter M. (Ed). Development and Policy Concerning Children With Special Needs. Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology Vol. 16 (1983), Erlbaum Assoc, Hillsdale, NJ 41-83
70. Suchecki D., Rosenfeld P., and Levine S. Maternal regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the rat: the roles of feeding and stroking. Dev. Brain Res. 75 (1993) 185-192
71. Yehuda R., Halligan S.L., and Grossman R. Childhood trauma and risk for PTSD: relationship to intergenerational effects of trauma, parental PTSD, and cortisol excretion. Dev. Psychopathol. 13 (2001) 733-753