메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 100, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 487-494

A new frontier in epilepsy: Novel antiepileptogenic drugs

Author keywords

Antiepileptic drugs; Epilepsy; Epileptogenesis; Ictogenesis; Levetiracetam

Indexed keywords

ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; BRAIN DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR; CARBAMAZEPINE; DIAZEPAM; ETIRACETAM; NERVE CELL ADHESION MOLECULE; NERVE GROWTH FACTOR; PHENOBARBITAL; PHENYTOIN; TOPIRAMATE; VALPROIC ACID; DRUG DERIVATIVE; PIRACETAM;

EID: 33747612918     PISSN: 13478613     EISSN: 13478648     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1254/jphs.CPJ06010X     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (51)

References (62)
  • 1
    • 0343990077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animal models of intractable epilepsy
    • Löcsher W. Animal models of intractable epilepsy. Prog Neurobiol. 1997;53:239-258.
    • (1997) Prog Neurobiol , vol.53 , pp. 239-258
    • Löcsher, W.1
  • 2
    • 0034945680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiepileptogenic agents: How close are we?
    • Temkin NR, Jarell AD, Anderson GD. Antiepileptogenic agents: How close are we? Drugs. 2001;61:1045-1055.
    • (2001) Drugs , vol.61 , pp. 1045-1055
    • Temkin, N.R.1    Jarell, A.D.2    Anderson, G.D.3
  • 3
    • 0037301525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epileptogenesis, ictogenesis and the design of future antiepileptic drugs
    • Weaver DF. Epileptogenesis, ictogenesis and the design of future antiepileptic drugs. Can J Neurol Sci. 2003;30:4-7.
    • (2003) Can J Neurol Sci , vol.30 , pp. 4-7
    • Weaver, D.F.1
  • 4
    • 0036499726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current status and future directions in the pharmacotherapy of epilepsy
    • Löscher W. Current status and future directions in the pharmacotherapy of epilepsy. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2002;23:113-118.
    • (2002) Trends Pharmacol Sci , vol.23 , pp. 113-118
    • Löscher, W.1
  • 5
    • 0001490738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is epilepsy a progressive disorder? Process for new therapeutic approaches in temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Pitman A, Sutula TP. Is epilepsy a progressive disorder? Process for new therapeutic approaches in temporal lobe epilepsy. Lancet Neurol. 2002;1:173-181.
    • (2002) Lancet Neurol , vol.1 , pp. 173-181
    • Pitman, A.1    Sutula, T.P.2
  • 6
    • 0028286992 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal loss induced by kindling in limbic pathways by kindling: Evidence for induction of hippocampal sclerosis by repeated brief seizures
    • Carvazos JE, Das I, Sutula TP. Neuronal loss induced by kindling in limbic pathways by kindling : evidence for induction of hippocampal sclerosis by repeated brief seizures. J Neurosci. 1994;14:3106-3121.
    • (1994) J Neurosci , vol.14 , pp. 3106-3121
    • Carvazos, J.E.1    Das, I.2    Sutula, T.P.3
  • 8
    • 0025787898 scopus 로고
    • Mossy fibre synaptic reorganization induced by kindling: Time course of development, progression, and permanence
    • Cavazos JE, Golarai G, Sutula TP. Mossy fibre synaptic reorganization induced by kindling: time course of development, progression, and permanence. J Neurosci. 1991;11:2795-2803.
    • (1991) J Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 2795-2803
    • Cavazos, J.E.1    Golarai, G.2    Sutula, T.P.3
  • 9
    • 0024584456 scopus 로고
    • Hippocampal plasticity in the kindling model of epilepsy in rats
    • Represa A, Salle GL, Ben-Ari Y. Hippocampal plasticity in the kindling model of epilepsy in rats. Neurosci Lett. 1989;99:345-350.
    • (1989) Neurosci Lett , vol.99 , pp. 345-350
    • Represa, A.1    Salle, G.L.2    Ben-Ari, Y.3
  • 10
    • 0025037415 scopus 로고
    • Hippocampal kindling alters the concentration of glial fibrillary acidic protein and other marker proteins in rat brain
    • Hansen A, Jorgensen OS, Bolwig TG, Barry DI. Hippocampal kindling alters the concentration of glial fibrillary acidic protein and other marker proteins in rat brain. Brain Res. 1990;531:307-311.
    • (1990) Brain Res , vol.531 , pp. 307-311
    • Hansen, A.1    Jorgensen, O.S.2    Bolwig, T.G.3    Barry, D.I.4
  • 11
    • 0026727785 scopus 로고
    • Kindling causes changes in the composition of the astrocytic skeleton
    • Khurgel M, Racine RJ, Ivy GO. Kindling causes changes in the composition of the astrocytic skeleton. Brain Res. 1992;592:338-342.
    • (1992) Brain Res , vol.592 , pp. 338-342
    • Khurgel, M.1    Racine, R.J.2    Ivy, G.O.3
  • 12
    • 0032904489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity and injury-dependent expression of inducible transcription factors, growth factors and apotosis related genes within the central nervous system
    • Hughes PE, Alexi T, Walton M. Activity and injury-dependent expression of inducible transcription factors, growth factors and apotosis related genes within the central nervous system. Prog Neurobiol. 1999;57:421-450.
    • (1999) Prog Neurobiol , vol.57 , pp. 421-450
    • Hughes, P.E.1    Alexi, T.2    Walton, M.3
  • 13
    • 0028588699 scopus 로고
    • Short-term modulation of glutamatergic in adult rat hippocampus by NGF
    • Knipper M, Leung LS, Zhao D, Rylett RJ. Short-term modulation of glutamatergic in adult rat hippocampus by NGF. Neuroreport. 1994;5:2433-2436.
    • (1994) Neuroreport , vol.5 , pp. 2433-2436
    • Knipper, M.1    Leung, L.S.2    Zhao, D.3    Rylett, R.J.4
  • 14
    • 0033789915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subregional pathology of the amygdale complex and entorhinal region in surgical specimen from patients with pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Yilmazer-Hanke DM, Wolf HK, ScgeammJ, Elger CE, Wiestler OD, Blumcke I. Subregional pathology of the amygdale complex and entorhinal region in surgical specimen from patients with pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2000;59:907-920.
    • (2000) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol , vol.59 , pp. 907-920
    • Yilmazer-Hanke, D.M.1    Wolf, H.K.2    Scgeamm, J.3    Elger, C.E.4    Wiestler, O.D.5    Blumcke, I.6
  • 15
  • 17
    • 0032775645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cisternal S100 protein and neuron-specific enolase are elevated and ste-specific markers in intractable temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Steinhoff BJ, Tumani H, Otto M. Cisternal S100 protein and neuron-specific enolase are elevated and ste-specific markers in intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 1999;36:75-82.
    • (1999) Epilepsy Res , vol.36 , pp. 75-82
    • Steinhoff, B.J.1    Tumani, H.2    Otto, M.3
  • 18
    • 0031792967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remodeling of neuronal circuitries in human temporal epilepsy; increased expression of highly polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule in the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex
    • Mikkonen M, Soininen H, Kalviainen R. Remodeling of neuronal circuitries in human temporal epilepsy; increased expression of highly polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule in the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex. Ann Neurol. 1998;44:923-934.
    • (1998) Ann Neurol , vol.44 , pp. 923-934
    • Mikkonen, M.1    Soininen, H.2    Kalviainen, R.3
  • 20
    • 0025757288 scopus 로고
    • Antiepileptogenic effects of conventional anticonvulsants in the kindling model of epilepsy
    • Silver JM, Shin C, McNamara JO. Antiepileptogenic effects of conventional anticonvulsants in the kindling model of epilepsy. Ann Neurol. 1991;29:356-363.
    • (1991) Ann Neurol , vol.29 , pp. 356-363
    • Silver, J.M.1    Shin, C.2    McNamara, J.O.3
  • 21
    • 0036347772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animal models of epilepsy for the development of antiepileptogenic and disease-modifying drugs. A comparison of the pharmacology of kindling and post-status epilepticus models of temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Löscher W. Animal models of epilepsy for the development of antiepileptogenic and disease-modifying drugs. A comparison of the pharmacology of kindling and post-status epilepticus models of temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 2002;50:105-123.
    • (2002) Epilepsy Res , vol.50 , pp. 105-123
    • Löscher, W.1
  • 22
    • 0031829905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiepileptic effects of topiramate on amygdaloid kindling in rats
    • Amano K, Hamada K, Yagi K, Seino M. Antiepileptic effects of topiramate on amygdaloid kindling in rats. Epilepsy Res. 1998;31:123-128.
    • (1998) Epilepsy Res , vol.31 , pp. 123-128
    • Amano, K.1    Hamada, K.2    Yagi, K.3    Seino, M.4
  • 23
    • 0031817683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of valproate and phenobarbital treatment after status epilepticus in rats
    • Bolanos AR, Sarkisian M, Yang Y, Hori A, Helmers SL, Mikati M, et al. Comparison of valproate and phenobarbital treatment after status epilepticus in rats. Neurology. 1998;51:41-48.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.51 , pp. 41-48
    • Bolanos, A.R.1    Sarkisian, M.2    Yang, Y.3    Hori, A.4    Helmers, S.L.5    Mikati, M.6
  • 24
    • 0000580980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of prolonged administration of levetiracetam on pilocarpine-induced epileptogenesis in rat
    • Klitgaard HV, Matagne AC, Vanneste-Goemaere J, Margineanu DG. Effects of prolonged administration of levetiracetam on pilocarpine-induced epileptogenesis in rat. Epilepsia. 2001;42 Suppl 7:114-115.
    • (2001) Epilepsia , vol.42 , Issue.SUPPL. 7 , pp. 114-115
    • Klitgaard, H.V.1    Matagne, A.C.2    Vanneste-Goemaere, J.3    Margineanu, D.G.4
  • 25
    • 0142136042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overview of studies to prevent posttraumatic epilepsy
    • Beghi E. Overview of studies to prevent posttraumatic epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2003;44 Suppl 10:21-26.
    • (2003) Epilepsia , vol.44 , Issue.SUPPL. 10 , pp. 21-26
    • Beghi, E.1
  • 26
    • 0034864144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levetiracetam: The preclinical profile of a new class of antiepileptic drugs?
    • Klitgaard H. Levetiracetam: the preclinical profile of a new class of antiepileptic drugs? Epilepsia. 2001;42 Suppl 4:13-18.
    • (2001) Epilepsia , vol.42 , Issue.SUPPL. 4 , pp. 13-18
    • Klitgaard, H.1
  • 27
    • 0002100772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levetiracetam: Mechanisms of action
    • Levy RH, Mattson RH, Meldrum BS, Perucca E, editors. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;
    • Margineanu DG, Klitgaard H. Levetiracetam: mechanisms of action. In: Levy RH, Mattson RH, Meldrum BS, Perucca E, editors. Antiepileptic drugs. 5th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2002. p. 419-427.
    • (2002) Antiepileptic Drugs. 5th Ed. , pp. 419-427
    • Margineanu, D.G.1    Klitgaard, H.2
  • 28
    • 0032563178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a unique profile of levetiracetam in rodent models of seizures and epilepsy
    • Klitgaard H, Matagne A, Gobert J, Wulfert J. Evidence for a unique profile of levetiracetam in rodent models of seizures and epilepsy. Eur J Pharmacol. 1998;353:191-206.
    • (1998) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.353 , pp. 191-206
    • Klitgaard, H.1    Matagne, A.2    Gobert, J.3    Wulfert, J.4
  • 29
    • 0027410987 scopus 로고
    • Profile of ucb L059, a novel anti-convulsant drug, in models of partial and generalized epilepsy in mice and rats
    • Löscher W, Hönack D. Profile of ucb L059, a novel anti-convulsant drug, in models of partial and generalized epilepsy in mice and rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 1993;232:147-158.
    • (1993) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.232 , pp. 147-158
    • Löscher, W.1    Hönack, D.2
  • 30
    • 0028823233 scopus 로고
    • Effects of levetiracetam, a novel antiepileptic drug, on convulsant activity in two genetic rat models of epilepsy
    • Gower A, Hirsch E, Boehrer A, Noyer M, Marescanx C. Effects of levetiracetam, a novel antiepileptic drug, on convulsant activity in two genetic rat models of epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 1995;22:207-213.
    • (1995) Epilepsy Res , vol.22 , pp. 207-213
    • Gower, A.1    Hirsch, E.2    Boehrer, A.3    Noyer, M.4    Marescanx, C.5
  • 31
    • 0036221629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the novel antiepileptic drug levetiracetam on spontaneous recurrent seizures in the rat pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Glien M, Brandt C, Potschka H, Löscher W. Effects of the novel antiepileptic drug levetiracetam on spontaneous recurrent seizures in the rat pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2002;43:350-357.
    • (2002) Epilepsia , vol.43 , pp. 350-357
    • Glien, M.1    Brandt, C.2    Potschka, H.3    Löscher, W.4
  • 32
    • 27844509190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is levetiracetam distinct from conventional antiepileptic drugs in antiepileptogenic properties in spontaneous epileptic rats?
    • Sasa M, Yan HD, Ishihara K, Nagayama T, Serikawa T. Is levetiracetam distinct from conventional antiepileptic drugs in antiepileptogenic properties in spontaneous epileptic rats? Epilepsia. 2005;46 Suppl 1:94-95.
    • (2005) Epilepsia , vol.46 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 94-95
    • Sasa, M.1    Yan, H.D.2    Ishihara, K.3    Nagayama, T.4    Serikawa, T.5
  • 35
    • 0033187087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of valproate, vigabatrin and tiagabin on GABA uptake into human astrocytes cultured from foetal and adult brain tissue
    • Fraser CM, Sills GJ, Butler E, Thompson GC, Lindsay K, Duncan R, et al. Effects of valproate, vigabatrin and tiagabin on GABA uptake into human astrocytes cultured from foetal and adult brain tissue. Epilptic Disord. 1999;1:153-157.
    • (1999) Epilptic Disord , vol.1 , pp. 153-157
    • Fraser, C.M.1    Sills, G.J.2    Butler, E.3    Thompson, G.C.4    Lindsay, K.5    Duncan, R.6
  • 36
    • 0034892646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A microdialysis study of the novel anti-epileptic drug levetiracetam: Extracellular pharmacokinetics and effect of taurine in rat brain
    • Tong X, Patsalos PN. A microdialysis study of the novel anti-epileptic drug levetiracetam: extracellular pharmacokinetics and effect of taurine in rat brain. Br J Pharmacol. 2001;133:867-874.
    • (2001) Br J Pharmacol , vol.133 , pp. 867-874
    • Tong, X.1    Patsalos, P.N.2
  • 37
    • 0035987775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The anti-epileptic drug levetiracetam reverses the inhibition by negative allosteric modulators of neuronal GABA-and glycine-gated currents
    • Rigo JM, Hans G, Nguyen L, Rocher V, Belachew S, Malgrange B, et al. The anti-epileptic drug levetiracetam reverses the inhibition by negative allosteric modulators of neuronal GABA-and glycine-gated currents. Br J Pharmacol. 2002;136:659-672.
    • (2002) Br J Pharmacol , vol.136 , pp. 659-672
    • Rigo, J.M.1    Hans, G.2    Nguyen, L.3    Rocher, V.4    Belachew, S.5    Malgrange, B.6
  • 38
    • 0037453386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levetiracetam has no significant gamma-aminobutyric acid-related effect on paired-pulse interaction in the dentate gyrus of rats
    • Margineanu DG, Klitgaard H. Levetiracetam has no significant gamma-aminobutyric acid-related effect on paired-pulse interaction in the dentate gyrus of rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2003;466:255-261.
    • (2003) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.466 , pp. 255-261
    • Margineanu, D.G.1    Klitgaard, H.2
  • 40
    • 0036193683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective blockade of N-type calcium channels by levetiracetam
    • Lukyanetz EA, Shkryl VM, Kostyuk PG. Selective blockade of N-type calcium channels by levetiracetam. Epilepsia. 2002;43:9-18.
    • (2002) Epilepsia , vol.43 , pp. 9-18
    • Lukyanetz, E.A.1    Shkryl, V.M.2    Kostyuk, P.G.3
  • 41
    • 0033800837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of neuronal hypersynchrony in vitro differentiates levetiracetam from classical antiepileptic drugs
    • Margineanu DG, Klitgaard H. Inhibition of neuronal hypersynchrony in vitro differentiates levetiracetam from classical antiepileptic drugs. Pharmacol Res. 2000;42:281-285.
    • (2000) Pharmacol Res , vol.42 , pp. 281-285
    • Margineanu, D.G.1    Klitgaard, H.2
  • 42
    • 1642355074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localization and photoaffinity labeling of the levetiracetam binding site in rat brain and certain cell lines
    • Fuks B, Gillard M, Michel P, Lynch B, Vertongen P, Leprince P, et al. Localization and photoaffinity labeling of the levetiracetam binding site in rat brain and certain cell lines. Eur J Pharmacol. 2003;478:11-19.
    • (2003) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.478 , pp. 11-19
    • Fuks, B.1    Gillard, M.2    Michel, P.3    Lynch, B.4    Vertongen, P.5    Leprince, P.6
  • 46
    • 0031908063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiepileptogenic effects of the novel anticonvulsant levetiracetam (ucb L059) in the kindling model of temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Löscher W, Hönack D, Rundfeldt C. Antiepileptogenic effects of the novel anticonvulsant levetiracetam (ucb L059) in the kindling model of temporal lobe epilepsy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998;284:474-479.
    • (1998) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.284 , pp. 474-479
    • Löscher, W.1    Hönack, D.2    Rundfeldt, C.3
  • 47
    • 0037310265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of lamotorigine and levetiracetam on seizure development in a rat amygdala kindling model
    • Stratton SC, Large CH, Cox B, Davies G, Hagan RM. Effects of lamotorigine and levetiracetam on seizure development in a rat amygdala kindling model. Epilepsy Res. 2003;53:95-106.
    • (2003) Epilepsy Res , vol.53 , pp. 95-106
    • Stratton, S.C.1    Large, C.H.2    Cox, B.3    Davies, G.4    Hagan, R.M.5
  • 48
    • 0022839332 scopus 로고
    • Epileptic seizures in rats homozygous for two mutations, zitter and tremor
    • Serikawa T, Yamada J. Epileptic seizures in rats homozygous for two mutations, zitter and tremor. J Hered. 1986;77:441-444.
    • (1986) J Hered , vol.77 , pp. 441-444
    • Serikawa, T.1    Yamada, J.2
  • 50
    • 0023789606 scopus 로고
    • Effects of antiepileptic drugs on absence-like and tonic seizures in the spontaneously epileptic rat, a double mutant rat
    • Sasa M, Ohno Y, Ujihara H, Fujita Y, Yoshimura M, Takaori S, et al. Effects of antiepileptic drugs on absence-like and tonic seizures in the spontaneously epileptic rat, a double mutant rat. Epilepsia. 1988;29:505-513.
    • (1988) Epilepsia , vol.29 , pp. 505-513
    • Sasa, M.1    Ohno, Y.2    Ujihara, H.3    Fujita, Y.4    Yoshimura, M.5    Takaori, S.6
  • 51
    • 0034077081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accumulation of N-acetyl-L-aspartate in the brain of the tremor rat, a mutant exhibiting absence-like seizure and spongiform degeneration in the central nervous system
    • Kitada K, Akimitsu T, Shigematsu Y, Kondo A, Maihara T, Yokoi N, et al. Accumulation of N-acetyl-L-aspartate in the brain of the tremor rat, a mutant exhibiting absence-like seizure and spongiform degeneration in the central nervous system. J Neurochem. 2000;74:2512-2519.
    • (2000) J Neurochem , vol.74 , pp. 2512-2519
    • Kitada, K.1    Akimitsu, T.2    Shigematsu, Y.3    Kondo, A.4    Maihara, T.5    Yokoi, N.6
  • 52
    • 0035895301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attractin/mahogany/zitter plays a critical role in myelination of the central nervous system
    • Kuramoto T, Kitada K, Inui T, Sasaki Y, Ito K, Hase T, et al. Attractin/mahogany/zitter plays a critical role in myelination of the central nervous system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001;98:559-564.
    • (2001) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.98 , pp. 559-564
    • Kuramoto, T.1    Kitada, K.2    Inui, T.3    Sasaki, Y.4    Ito, K.5    Hase, T.6
  • 53
    • 0035057386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced calcium influx in hippocampal CA3 neurons of spontaneously epileptic rats
    • Amano H, Amano T, Matsubayashi H, Ishihara K, Serikawa T, Sasa M. Enhanced calcium influx in hippocampal CA3 neurons of spontaneously epileptic rats. Epilepsia. 2001;42:345-350.
    • (2001) Epilepsia , vol.42 , pp. 345-350
    • Amano, H.1    Amano, T.2    Matsubayashi, H.3    Ishihara, K.4    Serikawa, T.5    Sasa, M.6
  • 54
    • 0029002589 scopus 로고
    • Effects of nicardipine on abnormal excitability of CA3 pyramidal cells in hippocampal slices of spontaneously epileptic rats
    • Momiyama T, Ishihara K, Serikawa T, Moritake K, Sasa M. Effects of nicardipine on abnormal excitability of CA3 pyramidal cells in hippocampal slices of spontaneously epileptic rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 1995;280:119-123.
    • (1995) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.280 , pp. 119-123
    • Momiyama, T.1    Ishihara, K.2    Serikawa, T.3    Moritake, K.4    Sasa, M.5
  • 55
    • 0027161482 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal excitability of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons of spontaneously epileptic rats (SER), a double mutant
    • Ishihara K, Sasa M, Momiyama T, Ujihara H, Nakamura J, Serikawa T, et al. Abnormal excitability of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons of spontaneously epileptic rats (SER), a double mutant. Exp Neurol. 1993;119:287-290.
    • (1993) Exp Neurol , vol.119 , pp. 287-290
    • Ishihara, K.1    Sasa, M.2    Momiyama, T.3    Ujihara, H.4    Nakamura, J.5    Serikawa, T.6
  • 56
    • 0041413364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation by N-acetyl-L-aspartate of acutely dissociated hippocampal neurons in rats via metabotropic glutamate receptors
    • Yan H-D, Ishihara K, Serikawa T, Sasa M. Activation by N-acetyl-L-aspartate of acutely dissociated hippocampal neurons in rats via metabotropic glutamate receptors. Epilepsia. 2003;44:1153-1159.
    • (2003) Epilepsia , vol.44 , pp. 1153-1159
    • Yan, H.-D.1    Ishihara, K.2    Serikawa, T.3    Sasa, M.4
  • 57
    • 26944485922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-lasting anti-epileptic effects of levetiracetam against epileptic seizures in the spontaneously epileptic rat (SER): Differentiation of levetiracetam from conventional anti-epileptic drugs
    • Cai Ji-qun, Ishihara K, Nagayama T, Serikawa T, Sasa M. Long-lasting anti-epileptic effects of levetiracetam against epileptic seizures in the spontaneously epileptic rat (SER): differentiation of levetiracetam from conventional anti-epileptic drugs. Epilepsia. 2005;46:1362-1370.
    • (2005) Epilepsia , vol.46 , pp. 1362-1370
    • Ji-qun, C.1    Ishihara, K.2    Nagayama, T.3    Serikawa, T.4    Sasa, M.5
  • 58
    • 0033621925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic profile of levetiracetam: Toward ideal characteristics
    • Patsalos PN. Pharmacokinetic profile of levetiracetam: toward ideal characteristics. Pharmacol Ther. 2000;85:77-85.
    • (2000) Pharmacol Ther , vol.85 , pp. 77-85
    • Patsalos, P.N.1
  • 59
    • 23944432461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Separation of anti-epileptogenic and anti-seizure effects of levetiracetam in the spontaneously epileptic rat (SER)
    • Yan D-H, Cai Ji-qun, Ishihara K, Nagayama T, Serikawa T, Sasa M. Separation of anti-epileptogenic and anti-seizure effects of levetiracetam in the spontaneously epileptic rat (SER). Epilepsia. 2005;46:1170-1177.
    • (2005) Epilepsia , vol.46 , pp. 1170-1177
    • Yan, D.-H.1    Ji-qun, C.2    Ishihara, K.3    Nagayama, T.4    Serikawa, T.5    Sasa, M.6
  • 60
    • 23944466596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic levetiracetam treatment early in life decreases epileptiform events in young GAERS, but does not prevent the expression of spike and wave discharges during adulthood
    • Dedeurwaerdere S, Boon P, De Smedt T, Claeys P, Raedt R, Bosman T, et al. Chronic levetiracetam treatment early in life decreases epileptiform events in young GAERS, but does not prevent the expression of spike and wave discharges during adulthood. Seizure. 2005;14:403-411.
    • (2005) Seizure , vol.14 , pp. 403-411
    • Dedeurwaerdere, S.1    Boon, P.2    De Smedt, T.3    Claeys, P.4    Raedt, R.5    Bosman, T.6
  • 61
    • 1842687366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levetiracetam prevents changes in levels of brain-derived neurotropic factor and neuropeptide Y mRNA and of Y1- And Y5-like receptors in the hippocampus of rats undergoing amygdale kindling: Implications for antiepileptogenic and mood-stabilizing properties
    • Husum H, Bolwig TG, Sanchez C, Mathe AA, Hansen SL. Levetiracetam prevents changes in levels of brain-derived neurotropic factor and neuropeptide Y mRNA and of Y1- and Y5-like receptors in the hippocampus of rats undergoing amygdale kindling: implications for antiepileptogenic and mood-stabilizing properties. Epilepsy Behav. 2004;5:204-215.
    • (2004) Epilepsy Behav , vol.5 , pp. 204-215
    • Husum, H.1    Bolwig, T.G.2    Sanchez, C.3    Mathe, A.A.4    Hansen, S.L.5
  • 62
    • 0842287301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The antiepileptic drug levetiracetam selectively modifies kindling-induced alterations in gene expression in the temporal lobe of rats
    • Gu J, Lynch BA, Anderson D. The antiepileptic drug levetiracetam selectively modifies kindling-induced alterations in gene expression in the temporal lobe of rats. Eur J Neurosci. 2004;19:334-345.
    • (2004) Eur J Neurosci , vol.19 , pp. 334-345
    • Gu, J.1    Lynch, B.A.2    Anderson, D.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.