Process-orientation versus outcome-orientation during organizational change: The role of organizational identification

Journal of Organizational Behavior

Volumn 27, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 685-704

  Van Knippenberg, Barbara ^a   Martin, Linda ^b   Tyler, Tom ^c  

^a VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^b Department of Landscape Architecture   (Netherlands)

^c NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33747147780     PISSN: 08943796     EISSN: 10991379     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/job.391     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Armenakis, A. A., & Bedeian, A. G. (1999). Organizational change: A review of theory and research in the 1990s. Journal of Management, 25, 293-315.
2. Armenakis, A. A., Harris, S. G., & Mossholder, K. W. (1993). Creating readiness for organizational change. Human Relations, 46, 681-703.
3. Aron, A., Aron, E. N., Tudor, N., & Nelson, G. (1991). Close relationships as including other in the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 241-253.
4. Ashford, S. J., Lee, C., & Bobko, P. (1989). Content, causes, and consequences of job insecurity: A theory based measure and substantive test. Academy of Management Journal, 32, 803-829.
5. Ashforth, B. E., & Mael, F. A. (1989). Social identity theory and the organization. Academy of Management Review, 14, 20-39.
6. Ashforth, B. E., & Mael, F. A. (1998). The power of resistance: Sustaining valued identities. In R. M. Kramer, & M. A. Neale (Eds.), Power and influence in organizations. Thousand Oakes: Sage.
7. Barnett, W. P., & Carroll, G. L. (1995). Modeling internal organizational change. Annual Review of Sociology, 21, 217-236.
8. Bordia, P., Hobman, E., Jones, E., Gallois, C., & Callan, V. J. (2004). Uncertainty during organizational change: Types, consequences, and management strategies. Journal of Business and Psychology, 18, 507-532.
9. Brewer, M. B., & Gardner, W. (1996). Who is this "we"? Levels of collective identity and self representations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 83-93.
10. Brockner, J., Chen, Y.-R., Mannix, E. A., Leung, K., & Skarlicki, D. P. (2000). Culture and procedural fairness: When the effects of what you do depend on how you do it. Administrative Science Quarterly, 45, 138-159.
11. Brockner, J., Wiesenfeld, B. M., & Martin, C. (1995). Decision frame, procedural justice, and survivors' reactions to job lay-offs. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 63, 59-68.
12. Buono, A. F., Bowditch, J. L., & Lewis, J. W. (1985). When cultures collide: The anatomy of a merger. Human Relations, 38, 477-500.
13. Cartwright, S., & Cooper, C. L. (1992). Mergers and acquisitions: The human factor. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
14. Chreim, S. (2002). Influencing organizational identification during major change: A communication based perspective. Human Relations, 55, 1117-1137.
15. Corley, K. G., & Gioia, D. A. (2004). Identity ambiguity and change in the wake of a corporate spin-off. Administrative Science Quarterly, 49, 173-208.
16. De Cremer, D. (2003). The closer we are, the more we are alike: The effect of self-other merging on depersonalized self-perception. Current Psychology, 22, 316-325.
17. Daly, J. P., & Geyer, P. D. (1994). The role of fairness in implementing large scale change: Employee evaluations of process and outcome in seven facility relocations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15, 623-638.
18. Dipboye, R. L. (1990). Laboratory vs. field research in industrial and organizational psychology. In C. L. Cooper, & I. T. Robertson (Eds.), International review of industrial and organizational psychology (Vol. 5, pp. 1-34). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
19. Dutton, J. E., Dukerich, J. M., & Harquail, C. V. (1994). Organizational images and member identification. Administrative Science Quarterly, 39, 239-263.
20. Evans, M. G. (1985). A Monte Carlo study of the effects of correlated method variance in moderated regression analysis. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 36, 305-323.
21. Fay, D., & Luhrmann, H. (2004). Current themes in organizational change. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 13, 113-119.
22. Fiol, C. M. (2002). Capitalizing on paradox: The role of language in transforming organizational identities. Organization Science, 13, 653-666.
23. Fiol, C. M., & O'Conner, E. J. (2002). When hot and cold collide in radical change processes: Lessons from community development. Organization Science, 13, 532-546.
24. Folger, R., & Skarlicki, D. P. (1999). Unfairness and resistance to change: Hardship as mistreatment. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 12, 35-50.
25. George, J. M., & Jones, G. R. (2001). Towards a process model of individual change in organisations. Human Relations, 54, 419-444.
26. Harris, G. E., & Cameron, J. E. (2005). Multiple dimensions of organizational identification and commitment as predictors of turnover intentions and psychological well-being. Canadian Journal Of Behavioural Science, 37, 159-169.
27. Haslam, S. A., van Knippenberg, D., Platow, M. J., & Ellemers, N. (2003). Social identity at work: Developing theory for organizational practice. Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press.
28. Haunschild, S. A., Moreland, R. L., & Murrell, A. J. (1994). Sources of resistance to mergers between groups. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 24, 1150-1178.
29. Hogg, M. A. (2003). Social identity. In M. R. Leary, & J. P. Tangney (Eds.), Handbook of self and identity (pp. 462-479), New York: The Guilford Press.
30. Hogg, M. A., & Abrams, D. (Eds.). (1988). Social identifications: A social psychology of intergroup relations and group processes. London: Routledge.
31. Hogg, M. A., & Terry, D. J. (2000). Social identity and self-categorization processes in organizational contexts. Academy Of Management Review, 25, 121-140.
32. Huo, Y. J., Smith, H. J., Tyler, T. R., & Lind, E. A. (1996). Superordinate identification, subordinate identification, and justice concerns: Is separatism the problem, is assimilation the answer? Psychological Science, 7, 40-45.
33. Jetten, J., O'Brien, A., & Trindall, N. (2002). Changing identity: Predicting adjustment to organizational restructure as a function of subgroup and superordinate identification. British Journal of Social Psychology, 41, 281-297.
34. Kernan, M. C., & Hanges, P. J. (2002). Survivor reactions to reorganization: Antecedents and consequences of procedural, interpersonal and informational justice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 916-928.
35. Kickul, J., Lester, S. W., & Finkl, J. (2002). Promise breaking during radical organizational change: Do justice interventions make a difference? Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 469-488.
36. Konovsky, M. A. (2000). Understanding Procedural Justice and its impact on business organizations. Journal of Management, 26, 489-511.
37. Kotter, J. P. (2000). Leading change (14th ed.). Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
38. Kreiner, G. E., & Ashforth, B. E. (2004). Evidence toward an expanded model of organizational identification. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, 1-27.
39. Lind, E. A., & Tyler, T. R. (1988). The social psychology of procedural justice. New York: Plenum Press.
40. Mael, F. A., & Ashforth, B. E. (1992). Alumni and their alma mater: A partial test of the reformulated model of organizational identification. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13, 103-123.
41. Mael, F. A., & Ashforth, B. E. (1995). Loyal from day one: Biodata, organizational identification, and turnover among newcomers. Personnel Psychology, 48, 309-333.
42. McClelland, G. H., & Judd, C. M. (1993). Statistical difficulties of detecting interactions and moderator effects. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 376-390.
43. Piderit, S. K. (2000). Rethinking resistance and recognizing ambivalence: A multidimensional view of attitudes toward an organizational change. Academy of Management Review, 25, 783-794.
44. Pratt, M. G. (2000). The good, the bad, and the ambivalent: Managing identification among Amway distributors. Administrative Science Quarterly, 45, 456-493.
45. Rousseau, D. M. (1998). Why workers still identify with organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 19, 217-233.
46. Schweiger, D., & DeNisi, A. (1991). Communication with employees following a merger: A longitudinal field experiment. Academy of Management Journal, 34, 110-135.
47. Sedikides, C., & Brewer, M. B. (2001). Individual self, relational self, collective self. Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press.
48. Smith, H. J., & Tyler, T. R. (1997). Choosing the right pond: The impact of group membership on self-esteem and group-oriented behavior. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 33, 146-170.
49. Spreitzer, G. M., & Mishra, A. K. (2002). To stay or to go: Voluntary survivor turnover following an organizational downsizing. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 707-729.
50. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In S. Worchel, & W. G. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 7-24). Chicago: Nelson Hall.
51. Turner, J. C., Hogg, M., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S., & Wetherell, M. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
52. Tyler, T. R. (1994). Psychological models of the justice motive: Antecedents of distributive and procedural justice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 850-863.
53. Tyler, T. R. (1998). The psychology of authority relations: A relational perspective on influence and power in groups. In R. M. Kramer, & M. A. Neale (Eds.), Power and Influence in Organizations (pp. 251-260). Thousand Oakes: Sage Publications.
54. Tyler, T. R. (1999). Why people cooperate with organizations: An identity based perspective. Research in Organizational Behavior, 21, 201-246.
55. Tyler, T. R. (2000). Social Justice: Outcome and procedure. International Journal of Psychology, 35, 117-125.
56. Tyler, T. R., & Blader, S. L. (2000). Cooperation in groups: Procedural justice, social identity, and behavioral engagement. Philadelphia: Psychology Press.
57. Tyler, T. R., Degoey, P., & Smith, H. (1996). Understanding why the justice of group procedures matter: A test of the psychological dynamics of the group-value model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 913-930.
58. Tyler, T. R., & Lind, E. A. (1992). A relational model of authority in groups. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 25, pp. 115-191). New York: Academic Press.
59. Ullrich, J., Wieseke, J., & Van Dick, R. (2005). Continuity and change in mergers and acquisitions: A social identity case study of a German industrial merger. Journal of Management Studies, 42, 1549-1569.
60. van Dick, R., Christ, O., Stellmacher, J., Wagner, U., Ahlswede, O., Grubba, C., et al. (2004). Should I stay or should I go? Explaining turnover intentions with organizational identification and job satisfaction. British Journal Of Management, 15, 351-360.
61. van Dick, R., Wagner, U., Stellmacher, J., Christ, O. (2004). Category salience and organisational identification. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77, 1-20.
62. van Knippenberg, D. (2000). Work motivation and performance: A social identity perspective. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 49, 357-371.
63. van Knippenberg, D., & Hogg, M. A. (2003). A social identity model of leadership effectiveness in organizations. In R. M. Kramer, & B. M. Staw (Eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior (Vol. 25, pp. 245-297).
64. van Knippenberg, D., & Sleebos, E. (in press). Organizational identification versus organizational commitment: Self-definition, social exchange, and job attitudes. Journal of Organizational Behavior.
65. van Knippenberg, D., van Knippenberg, B., & Bobbio, A. (in press). Leaders as agents of continuity: Collective self-consistency and resistance to change. In F. Sani (Ed.), Individual and collective self-continuity. LEA.
66. van Knippenberg, D., van Knippenberg, B., de Cremer, D., & Hogg, M. A. (2005). Leadership, self, and identity: A review and research agenda. The Leadership Quarterly, 16, 495-499.
67. van Knippenberg, D., van Knippenberg, B., Monden, L., & de Lima, F. (2002). Organizational identification after a merger: A social identity perspective. British Journal of Social Psychology, 41, 233-252.
68. van Knippenberg, A., van Knippenberg, B., van Knippenberg, C., & van Knippenberg, D. (2000). Identificatie met de organisatie: Een meetinstrument. Gedrag en Organisatie, 14, 67-73.
69. van Knippenberg, D., & van Schie, E. C. M. (2000). Foci and correlations of organizational identification. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 73, 137-147.
70. Van Vugt, M., & Hart, C. M. (2004). Social identity as social glue: The origins of group loyalty. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 585-598.
71. Vermunt, R., van Knippenberg, D., van Knippenberg, B., & Blaauw, E. (2001). Self-esteem and outcome fairness judgments: Differential use of procedural and outcome information. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 621-628.
72. Wanberg, C. R., & Banas, J. T. (2000). Predictors and outcomes of openness to changes in a reorganizing workplace. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 132-142.
73. Whelan-Berry, K. S., Gordon, J. R., & Hinings, C. R. (2003). Strengthening organizational change processes: recommendations and implications from a multi-level analysis. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 39, 186-207.