Social Identity as Social Glue: The Origins of Group Loyalty

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Volumn 86, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 585-598

  Van Vugt, Mark ^a   Hart, Claire M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 1842484264     PISSN: 00223514     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.86.4.585     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Abrams, D., Ando, K., & Hinkle, S. (1998). Psychological attachment to the group: Cross-cultural differences in organizational identification and subjective norms as predictors of workers' turnover intentions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 1027-1039.
2. Arrow. H., & McGrath, J. E. (1995). Membership dynamics in groups at work. A theoretical framework. In B. M. Staw & L. L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior (Vol. 17, pp. 373-411). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
3. Arrow, H., McGrath, J. E., & Berdahl, J. L. (2000). Small groups as complex systems. London: Sage.
4. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator distinction in social-psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
5. Barreto, M., & Ellemers, N. (2000). You can't always do what you want: Social identity and self-presentational determinants of the choice to work for a low-status group. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 891-906.
6. Barreto, M., & Ellemers, N. (2002). The impact of respect versus neglect of self identities on identification and group loyalty. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 629-639.
7. Batson, C. D. (1998). Altruism and prosocial behavior. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.). The handbook of social psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 282-316). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
8. Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497-529.
9. Bem, D. J. (1972). Self-perception theory. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 6, pp. 1-62). New York: Academic Press.
10. Brewer, M. B. (1979). In-group bias in the minimal group paradigm: A cognitive-motivational analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 307-324.
11. Brewer, M. B., & Brown, R. J. (1998). Intergroup relations. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 554-594). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
12. Brewer, M. B., & Kramer, R. M. (1986). Choice behavior in social dilemmas: Effects of social identity, group size, and decision framing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3, 543-549.
13. Brockner, J., & Rubin, J. Z. (1985). Entrapment in escalating conflicts: A social psychological analysis. New York: Springer-Verlag.
14. Caporael, L. R., & Brewer, M. B. (1991). Reviving evolutionary social psychology: Biology meets society. Journal of Social Issues, 47, 187-195.
15. Castano, E., Yzerbyt, V., Bourguignon, D., & Seron, E. (2002). Who may enter? The impact of ingroup identification on ingroup/outgroup categorization. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 38, 315-322.
16. Cialdini, R. B., Brown, S. L., Lewis, B. P., Luce, C., & Neuberg, S. L. (1997). Reinterpreting the empathy-altruism relationship: When one into one equals oneness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 481-494.
17. Cialdini, R. B., Kallgren, C. A., & Reno, R. R. (1991). A focus theory of normative conduct, In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 24. pp. 202-235). New York: Academic Press.
18. Dawes, R. M. (1980). Social dilemmas. Annual Review of Psychology, 31, 169-193.
19. De Cremer, D., & Van Vugt, M. (1999). Social identification effects in social dilemmas: A transformation of motives. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 871-893.
20. Doosje, B., Ellemes, N., & Spears, R. (1999). Commitment and inter-group behavior. In N. Ellemers. R. Spears. & B. Doosje (Eds.), Social identity: Context, commitment, content (pp. 84-106). Oxford, England: Blackwell.
21. Durkheim, E. (1947). Division of labor in society. New York: Free Press.
22. Ellemers, N., Spears, R., & Doosje, B. (1997). Sticking together or falling apart: In-group identification as a psychological determinant of group commitment versus individual mobility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 617-626.
23. Ellemers, N., Spears, R., & Doosje, B. (2002). Self and social identity. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 161-186.
24. Fehr, E., & Rockenbach, B. (2003, March 13). Detrimental effects of sanctions on human altruism. Nature, 422, 137-140.
25. Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
26. Foddy, M., Smithson, M., Schneider, S., & Hogg, M. (1999). Resolving social dilemmas. Philadelphia: Psychology Press.
27. Hertel, G., & Kerr, N. L. (2001). Priming ingroup favoritism: The impact of normative scripts in the minimal group paradigm. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 37, 316-324.
28. Hirschman, A. O. (1970). Exit, voice, and loyalty: Responses to decline in firms, organizations, and stales. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
29. Insko, C. A., Schopler, J., Hoyle, R. H., Dardis, G. J., & Graetz, K. A. (1990). Individual-group discontinuity as a function of fear and greed. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 68-79.
30. Katz, D., & Kahn, R. L. (1966). The social psychology of organizations. New York: Wiley.
31. Kenrick, D., Li, N. P., & Butner, J. (2003). Dynamical evolutionary psychology: Individual decision rules and emergent social norms. Psychological Review, 110, 3-28.
32. Kerr, N. L. (1999). Anonymity and social control in social dilemmas. In M. Foddy, M. Smithson, S. Schneider. & M. Hogg (Eds.), Resolving social dilemmas: Dynamic, structural, and intergroup aspects (pp. 103-120). Philadelphia: Psychology Press.
33. Komorita, S. S., & Parks, C. D. (1994). Social dilemmas. Dubuque, IA: Brown & Benchmark.
34. Kramer, R. M., & Brewer, M. B. (1984). Effects of group identity on resource use in a simulated commons dilemma. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 46, 1044-1057.
35. Levine, J. M., & Moreland, R. L. (2002). Group reactions to loyalty and disloyalty. In E. Lawler & S. Thye (Eds.), Group cohesion, trust, and solidarity: Advances in group processes (Vol. 19, pp. 203-228). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.
36. Levine, J. M., Moreland, R. L., & Ryan, C. (1998). Group socialization and intergroup relations. In C. Sedikides, J. Schopler, & C. Insko (Eds.), Intergroup cognition and intergroup behavior (pp. 283-308). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
37. Lewin, K. (1951). Field theory in social science. New York: Harper.
38. Mael, F. A., & Ashforth, B. E. (1995). Loyal from day one: Biodata, organizational identification, and turnover among newcomers. Personnel Psychology, 48, 309-333.
39. McCusker, C., & Carnevale, P. J. (1995). Framing in resource dilemmas: Loss aversion and the moderating effects of sanctions. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 61, 190-201.
40. Messick, D. M., & Brewer, M. B. (1983). Solving social dilemmas: A review. In L. Wheeler & P. Shaver (Eds.), Review of personality and social psychology (Vol. 4. pp. 11-44). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
41. Messick, D. M., & Liebrand, W. B. G. (1997). Levels of analysis and the explanation of the costs and benefits of cooperation. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 1, 129-139.
42. Messick, D. M., Wilke, H. A. M., Brewer, M. B., Kramer, R. M., Zemke, P. E., & Lui, L. (1983). Individual adaptations and structural change as solutions to social dilemmas. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 294-309.
43. Moreland, R. L. (1999). Transactive memory: Learning who knows what in work groups and organizations. In L. Thompson, D. Messick, & J. Levine (Eds.), Shared cognition in organizations: The management of knowledge (pp. 3-31). New York: Erlbaum.
44. Moreland, R. L., & Levine, J. M. (1982). Socialization in small groups: Temporal changes in individual-group relations, In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 15, pp. 137-192). New York: Academic Press.
45. Nesse, R. M. (2001). Evolution and the capacity for commitment. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
46. Olson, M. (1965). The logic of collective action: Public goods and the theory of groups, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
47. Orbell, J. M., & Dawes, R. M. (1993). Social welfare, cooperators' advantage, and the option of not playing the game. American Sociological Review, 58, 787-800.
48. Orbell, J. M., Schwartz-Shea, P., & Simmons, R. T. (1984). Do cooperators exit more readily than defectors? American Political Science Review, 78, 147-162.
49. Rusbult, C. E., & Farrell, D. (1983). A longitudinal test of the investment model: The impact on job satisfaction, job commitment, and turnover of variations in rewards, costs, alternatives, and investments. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68, 429-438.
50. Samuelson, C. D., Messick, D. M., Rutte, C. G., & Wilke, H. A. M. (1984). Individual and structural solutions to resource dilemmas in two cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 94-104.
51. Schroeder, D. A. (1995). Social dilemmas: Perspectives on individuals and groups. Westport, CT: Praeger.
52. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In S. Worchel & W. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 7-24). Chicago: Nelson-Hall.
53. Thibaut, J. W., & Kelley, H. H. (1959). The social psychology of groups. Oxford, England: Wiley.
54. Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory, Oxford, England: Basil Blackwell.
55. Vallacher, R. R., Read, S. J., & Nowak, A. (2002). The dynamical perspective in personality and social psychology. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6, 264-273.
56. Van de Kragt, A. J. C., Orbell, J. M., & Dawes, R. M. (1983). The minimal contributing set as a solution to public goods problems. American Political Science Review, 77, 112-122.
57. Van Vugt, M. (2001). Community identification moderating the impact of financial incentives in a natural social dilemma. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 1440-1449.
58. Van Vugt, M., & De Cremer, D. (1999). Leadership in social dilemmas: The effects of group identification on collective actions to provide public goods. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 587-599.
59. Van Vugt, M., & De Cremer, D. (2002). Leadership in social dilemmas: Comparing the instrumental and relational perspectives. European Review of Social Psychology, 13, 155-184.
60. Van Vugt, M., Jepson, S. F., Hart, C., & De Cremer, D. (2004). Autocratic leadership in social dilemmas: A threat to group stability. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 1-13.
61. Van Vugt, M., Snyder, M., Tyler, T., & Biel A. (2000) Cooperation in modern society: Promoting the welfare of communities, states, and organizations. London: Routledge.
62. Yamagishi, T. (1986). The structural goal/expectation theory of cooperation in social dilemmas. In E. Lawler (Ed.), Advances in group processes (Vol. 3, pp. 51-87). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
63. Yamagishi, T. (1988). Exit from the group as an individualistic solution to the free-rider problem in the U.S. and Japan. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 24, 530-542.
64. Zdaniuk, B., & Levine, J. M. (2001). Group loyalty: Impact of members' identification and contributions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 37, 502-509.