Epidermal Langerhans cells-Changing views on their function in vivo

Immunology Letters

Volumn 106, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 119-125

  Romani, Nikolaus ^a,b   Ebner, Susanne ^b   Tripp, Christoph H ^a   Flacher, Vincent ^a   Koch, Franz ^a   Stoitzner, Patrizia ^a,c  

^a INNSBRUCK MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Austria)

^b Kompetenzzentrum Medizin Tirol   (Austria)

^c MALAGHAN INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Ablation; CD207; Contact hypersensitivity; Dendritic cells; Epidermis; Function; In vivo; Langerhans cells; Langerin; Skin

Indexed keywords

LECTIN RECEPTOR;

ANTIGEN EXPRESSION; CELL FUNCTION; CELL SHAPE; CELL STRUCTURE; CELL SUBPOPULATION; CELLULAR IMMUNITY; CONTACT ALLERGY; CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE; DENDRITIC CELL; DOWN REGULATION; EPIDERMIS; EPIDERMIS CELL; HUMAN; IMMUNOGENICITY; IMMUNOSTIMULATION; LANGERHANS CELL; MIXED LYMPHOCYTE REACTION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REVIEW; SENSITIZATION; SKIN FUNCTION;

ANIMALS; EPIDERMIS; HUMANS; IMMUNE TOLERANCE; LANGERHANS CELLS; MODELS, IMMUNOLOGICAL;

EID: 33747141039     PISSN: 01652478     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2006.05.010     Document Type: Review

References (78)

1. Schröder J.M., and Harder J. Antimicrobial skin peptides and proteins. Cell Mol Life Sci 63 (2006) 469-486
2. Bos J.D., and Kapsenberg M.L. The skin immune system: progress in cutaneous biology. Immunol Today 14 (1993) 75-78
3. Streilein J.W. Skin-associated lymphoid tissues (SALT): origins and functions. J Invest Dermatol 80 Supspl (1983) 12-16s
4. Rowden G., Lewis M.G., and Sullivan A.K. Ia antigen expression on human epidermal Langerhans cells. Nature 268 (1977) 247-248
5. Klareskog L., Malmnas-Tjernlund U., Forsum U., and Peterson P.A. Epidermal Langerhans cells express Ia antigens. Nature 268 (1977) 248-250
6. Stingl G., Wolff-Schreiner E.C., Pichler W.J., Gschnait F., and Knapp W. Epidermal Langerhans cells bear Fc and C3 receptors. Nature 268 (1977) 245-246
7. Luger T.A., Stadler B.M., Katz S.I., and Oppenheim J.J. Epidermal cell (keratinocyte)-derived thymocyte-activating factor (ETAF). J Immunol 127 (1981) 1493-1498
8. Langerhans P. Über die Nerven der menschlichen Haut. Virchows Arch [A] 44 (1868) 325-337
9. Romani N., Tripp C.H., Ratzinger G., Heufler C., Koch F., Saeland S., et al. Epidermal Langerhans cells. In: Lutz M.B., Romani N., and Steinkasserer A. (Eds). Handbook of dendritic cells, biology, diseases and therapies (2006), Wiley-VCH Verlag, Weinheim 73-100
10. Romani N., Holzmann S., Tripp C.H., Koch F., and Stoitzner P. Langerhans cells-dendritic cells of the epidermis. APMIS 111 (2003) 725-740
11. Valladeau J., and Saeland S. Cutaneous dendritic cells. Semin Immunol 17 (2005) 273-283
12. In: Schuler G. (Ed). Epidermal langerhans cells (1991), CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, FL
13. Lenz A., Heine M., Schuler G., and Romani N. Human and murine dermis contain dendritic cells. Isolation by means of a novel method and phenotypical and functional characterization. J Clin Invest 92 (1993) 2587-2596
14. Nestle F.O., Zheng X.-G., Thompson C.B., Turka L.A., and Nickoloff B.J. Characterization of dermal dendritic cells obtained from normal human skin reveals phenotypic and functionally distinctive subsets. J Immunol 151 (1993) 6535-6545
15. Peña-Cruz V., Ito S., Dascher C.C., Brenner M.B., and Sugita M. Epidermal Langerhans cells efficiently mediate CD1a-dependent presentation of microbial lipid antigens to T cells. J Invest Dermatol 121 (2003) 517-521
16. Hunger R.E., Sieling P.A., Ochoa M.T., Sugaya M., Burdick A.E., Rea T.H., et al. Langerhans cells utilize CD1a and langerin to efficiently present nonpeptide antigens to T cells. J Clin Invest 113 (2004) 701-708
17. Flacher V, Bouschbacher M, Verronèse E, Massacrier C, Berthier-Vergnes O, de Saint-Vis B, et al. Human Langerhans cells express a specific toll-like receptor profile and differentially respond to Gram-positive bacteria; submitted for publication.
18. + antigen-presenting cells in human dermis respond rapidly to CCR7 ligands. J Immunol 176 (2006) 5730-5734
19. Geijtenbeek T.B.H., Van Vliet S.J., Engering A., Hart B.A., and Van Kooyk Y. Self- and nonself-recognition by C-type lectins on dendritic cells. Annu Rev Immunol 22 (2004) 33-54
20. Turville S.G., Cameron P.U., Handley A., Lin G., Pohlmann S., Doms R.W., et al. Diversity of receptors binding HIV on dendritic cell subsets. Nat Immunol 3 (2002) 975-983
21. + hematopoietic progenitors from human cord blood differentiate along two independent dendritic cell pathways in response to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus tumor necrosis factor α2. Functional analysis. Blood 90 (1997) 1458-1470
22. Kissenpfennig A., Henri S., Dubois B., Laplace-Builhé C., Perrin P., Romani N., et al. Dynamics and function of Langerhans cells in vivo: dermal dendritic cells colonize lymph node areas distinct from slower migrating Langerhans cells. Immunity 22 (2005) 643-654
23. Ebner S., Ehammer Z., Holzmann S., Schwingshackl P., Forstner M., Stoitzner P., et al. Expression of C-type lectin receptors by subsets of dendritic cells in human skin. Int Immunol 16 (2004) 877-887
24. Stary G., Bangert C., Stingl G., and Kopp T. Dendritic cells in atopic dermatitis: expression of FcεRI on two distinct inflammation-associated subsets. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 138 (2005) 278-290
25. + plasmacytoid dendritic cells in atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 114 (2004) 364-370
26. Farkas L., Beiske K., Lund-Johansen F., Brandtzaeg P., and Jahnsen F.L. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (natural interferon-α/β-producing cells) accumulate in cutaneous lupus erythematosus lesions. Am J Pathol 159 (2001) 237-243
27. Wollenberg A., Mommaas M., Oppel T., Schottdorf E.M., Günther S., and Moderer M. Expression and function of the mannose receptor CD206 on epidermal dendritic cells in inflammatory skin diseases. J Invest Dermatol 118 (2002) 327-334
28. Wollenberg A., Kraft S., Hanau D., and Bieber T. Immunomorphological and ultrastructural characterization of Langerhans cells and a novel, inflammatory dendritic epidermal cell (IDEC) population in lesional skin of atopic eczema. J Invest Dermatol 106 (1996) 446-453
29. Lowes M.A., Chamian F., Abello M.V., Fuentes-Duculan J., Lin S.L., Nussbaum R., et al. Increase in TNF-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase-expressing dendritic cells in psoriasis and reduction with efalizumab (anti-CD11a). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102 (2005) 19057-19062
30. Serbina N.V., Salazar-Mather T.P., Biron C.A., Kuziel W.A., and Pamer E.G. TNF/iNOS-producing dendritic cells mediate innate immune defense against bacterial infection. Immunity 19 (2003) 59-70
31. Stingl G., Katz S.I., Clements L., Green I., and Shevach E.M. Immunologic functions of Ia-bearing epidermal Langerhans cells. J Immunol 121 (1978) 2005-2013
32. Pehamberger H., Stingl L.A., Pogantsch S., Steiner G., Wolff K., and Stingl G. Epidermal cell-induced generation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses against alloantigens or TNP-modified syngeneic cells: requirement for Ia-positive Langerhans cells. J Invest Dermatol 81 (1983) 208-211
33. Schuler G., and Steinman R.M. Murine epidermal Langerhans cells mature into potent immunostimulatory dendritic cells in vitro. J Exp Med 161 (1985) 526-546
34. Romani N., Koide S., Crowley M., Witmer-Pack M., Livingstone A.M., Fathman C.G., et al. Presentation of exogenous protein antigens by dendritic cells to T cell clones: intact protein is presented best by immature epidermal Langerhans cells. J Exp Med 169 (1989) 1169-1178
35. Stoitzner P., Tripp C.H., Eberhart A., Price K.M., Jung J.Y., Bursch L.S., et al. Langerhans cells cross-present antigen derived from skin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103 (2006) 7783-7788
36. Silberberg-Sinakin I., Thorbecke G.J., Baer R.L., Rosenthal S.A., and Berezowsky V. Antigen-bearing Langerhans cells in skin, dermal lymphatics and in lymph nodes. Cell Immunol 25 (1976) 137-151
37. Hemmi H., Yoshino M., Yamazaki H., Naito M., Iyoda T., Omatsu Y., et al. Skin antigens in the steady state are trafficked to regional lymph nodes by transforming growth factor-β1-dependent cells. Int Immunol 13 (2001) 695-704
38. Stoitzner P., Pfaller K., Stössel H., and Romani N. A close-up view of migrating Langerhans cells in the skin. J Invest Dermatol 118 (2002) 117-125
39. Toews G.B., Bergstresser P.R., and Streilein J.W. Epidermal Langerhans cell density determines whether contact hypersensitivity or unresponsiveness follows skin painting with DNFB. J Immunol 124 (1980) 445-453
40. Streilein J.W., Lonsberry L.W., and Bergstresser P.R. Depletion of epidermal Langerhans cells and Ia immmunogenicity from tape-stripped mouse skin. J Exp Med 155 (1982) 863-871
41. Streilein J.W., and Bergstresser P.R. Langerhans cell function dictates induction of contact hypersensitivity or unresponsiveness to DNFB in Syrian hamsters. J Invest Dermatol 77 (1981) 272-277
42. Kramer R.H., McDonald K.A., and Vu M.P. Human melanoma cells express a novel integrin receptor for laminin. J Biol Chem 264 (1989) 15642-15649
43. Rowden G. The Langerhans cell. CRC Crit Rev Immunol 3 (1981) 95-180
44. Breathnach S.M. Origin, cell lineage, ontogeny, tissue distribution and kinetics of Langerhans cells. In: Schuler G. (Ed). Epidermal Langerhans cells (1991), CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, FL 23-47
45. Wilson N.S., and Villadangos J.A. Lymphoid organ dendritic cells: beyond the Langerhans cells paradigm. Immunol Cell Biol 82 (2004) 91-98
46. Wilson N.S., El Sukkari D., Belz G.T., Smith C.M., Steptoe R.J., Heath W.R., et al. Most lymphoid organ dendritic cell types are phenotypically and functionally immature. Blood 102 (2003) 2187-2194
47. Ruedl C., Koebel P., Bachmann M., Hess M., and Karjalainen K. Anatomical origin of dendritic cells determines their life span in peripheral lymph nodes. J Immunol 165 (2000) 4910-4916
48. Henri S., Vremec D., Kamath A., Waithman J., Williams S., Benoist C., et al. The dendritic cell populations of mouse lymph nodes. J Immunol 167 (2001) 741-748
49. + dendritic cells, only one of which represents epidermal-derived Langerhans cells. J Invest Dermatol 125 (2005) 983-994
50. + dendritic cells but not by Langerhans cells. Science 301 (2003) 1925-1928
51. Belz G.T., Smith C.M., Kleinert L., Reading P., Brooks A., Shortman K., et al. Distinct migrating and nonmigrating dendritic cell populations are involved in MHC class I-restricted antigen presentation after lung infection with virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101 (2004) 8670-8675
52. Schon-Hegrad M.A., Oliver J., McMenamin P.G., and Holt P.G. Studies on the density, distribution, and surface phenotype of intraepithelial class II major histocompatability complex antigen (Ia)-bearing dendritic cells (DC) in the conducting airways. J Exp Med 173 (1991) 1345-1356
53. Valladeau J., Duvert-Frances V., Pin J.J., Dezutter-Dambuyant C., Vincent C., Massacrier C., et al. The monoclonal antibody DCGM4 recognizes Langerin, a protein specific of Langerhans cells, and is rapidly internalized from the cell surface. Eur J Immunol 29 (1999) 2695-2704
54. Zhao X.Y., Deak E., Soderberg K., Linehan M., Spezzano D., Zhu J., et al. Vaginal submucosal dendritic cells, but not Langerhans cells, induce protective th1 responses to herpes simplex virus-2. J Exp Med 197 (2003) 153-162
55. Ritter U., Meissner A., Scheidig C., and Körner H. CD8α- and Langerin-negative dendritic cells, but not Langerhans cells, act as principal antigen-presenting cells in Leishmaniasis. Eur J Immunol 34 (2004) 1542-1550
56. Carbone F.R., Belz G.T., and Heath W.R. Transfer of antigen between migrating and lymph node-resident DCs in peripheral T-cell tolerance and immunity. Trends Immunol 25 (2004) 655-658
57. Kissenpfennig A., and Malissen B. Langerhans cells-revisiting the paradigm using genetically engineered mice. Trends Immunol 27 (2006) 132-139
58. + T cells by exogenous cell-associated antigens. Immunity 17 (2002) 211-220
59. + T cell tolerance. Immunity 18 (2003) 713-720
60. Bennett C.L., van Rijn E., Jung S., Inaba K., Steinman R.M., Kapsenberg M.L., et al. Inducible ablation of mouse Langerhans cells diminishes but fails to abrogate contact hypersensitivity. J Cell Biol 169 (2005) 569-576
61. Kaplan D.H., Jenison M.C., Saeland S., Shlomchik W.D., and Shlomchik M.J. Epidermal Langerhans cell-deficient mice develop enhanced contact hypersensitivity. Immunity 23 (2005) 611-620
62. Streilein J.W. Antigen-presenting cells in the induction of contact hypersensitivity in mice: evidence that Langerhans cells are sufficient but not required. J Invest Dermatol 93 (1989) 443-448
63. Grabbe S., Steinbrink K., Steinert M., Luger T.A., and Schwarz T. Removal of the majority of epidermal Langerhans cells by topical or systemic steroid application enhances the effector phase of murine contact hypersensitivity. J Immunol 155 (1995) 4207-4217
64. Hoetzenecker W., Ecker R., Kopp T., Stuetz A., Stingl G., and Elbe-Bürger A. Pimecrolimus leads to an apoptosis-induced depletion of T cells but not Langerhans cells in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 115 (2005) 1276-1283
65. Bosnjak L., Miranda-Saksena M., Koelle D.M., Boadle R.A., Jones C.A., and Cunningham A.L. Herpes simplex virus infection of human dendritic cells induces apoptosis and allows cross-presentation via uninfected dendritic cells. J Immunol 174 (2005) 2220-2227
66. Seo N., Tokura Y., Nishijima T., Hashizume H., Furukawa F., and Takigawa M. Percutaneous peptide immunization via corneum barrier-disrupted murine skin for experimental tumor immunoprophylaxis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97 (2000) 371-376
67. Stoitzner P., Tripp C.H., Douillard P., Saeland S., and Romani N. Migratory Langerhans cells in mouse lymph nodes in steady state and inflammation. J Invest Dermatol 125 (2005) 116-125
68. Rechtsteiner G., Warger T., Osterloh P., Schild H., and Radsack M.P. Cutting edge: priming of CTL by transcutaneous peptide immunization with imiquimod. J Immunol 174 (2005) 2476-2480
69. Belyakov I.M., Hammond S.A., Ahlers J.D., Glenn G.M., and Berzofsky J.A. Transcutaneous immunization induces mucosal CTLs and protective immunity by migration of primed skin dendritic cells. J Clin Invest 113 (2004) 998-1007
70. Klimuk S.K., Najar H.M., Semple S.C., Aslanian S., and Dutz J.P. Epicutaneous application of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides with peptide or protein antigen promotes the generation of CTL. J Invest Dermatol 122 (2004) 1042-1049
71. Mayerova D., Parke E.A., Bursch L.S., Odumade O.A., and Hogquist K.A. Langerhans cells activate naïve self-antigen specific CD8 T cells in the steady state. Immunity 21 (2004) 391-400
72. + T cells into keratin-14-ovalbumin transgenic mice. J Invest Dermatol 123 (2004) 109-115
73. Azukizawa H., Kosaka H., Sano S., Heath W.R., Takahashi I., Gao X.H., et al. Induction of T-cell-mediated skin disease specific for antigen transgenically expressed in keratinocytes. Eur J Immunol 33 (2003) 1879-1888
74. Neijssen J., Herberts C., Drijfhout J.W., Reits E., Janssen L., and Neefjes J. Cross-presentation by intercellular peptide transfer through gap junctions. Nature 434 (2005) 83-88
75. Hawiger D., Inaba K., Dorsett Y., Guo M., Mahnke K., Rivera M., et al. Dendritic cells induce peripheral T cell unresponsiveness under steady state conditions in vivo. J Exp Med 194 (2001) 769-779
76. + T cell tolerance. J Exp Med 196 (2002) 1627-1638
77. Steinman R.M., Hawiger D., and Nussenzweig M.C. Tolerogenic dendritic cells. Annu Rev Immunol 21 (2003) 685-711
78. Ohl L., Mohaupt M., Czeloth N., Hintzen G., Kiafard Z., Zwirner J., et al. CCR7 governs skin dendritic cell migration under inflammatory and steady-state conditions. Immunity 21 (2004) 279-288