메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 16, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 429-434

Behavioral analysis of olfactory coding and computation in rodents

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE; CHEMOSENSITIVITY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; ETHOLOGY; NONHUMAN; OLFACTORY DISCRIMINATION; OLFACTORY SYSTEM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOPHYSICS; REVIEW; RODENT; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 33746552792     PISSN: 09594388     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2006.06.003     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (21)

References (59)
  • 2
    • 0025825726 scopus 로고
    • A novel multigene family may encode odorant receptors: a molecular basis for odor recognition
    • Buck L., and Axel R. A novel multigene family may encode odorant receptors: a molecular basis for odor recognition. Cell 65 (1991) 175-187
    • (1991) Cell , vol.65 , pp. 175-187
    • Buck, L.1    Axel, R.2
  • 4
    • 0033607234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Odor space and olfactory processing: collective algorithms and neural implementation
    • Hopfield J.J. Odor space and olfactory processing: collective algorithms and neural implementation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96 (1999) 12506-12511
    • (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.96 , pp. 12506-12511
    • Hopfield, J.J.1
  • 5
    • 0001150050 scopus 로고
    • The electrical activity of the mammalian olfactory bulb
    • Adrian ED. The electrical activity of the mammalian olfactory bulb. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 2 (1950) 377-388
    • (1950) Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.2 , pp. 377-388
    • Adrian, ED.1
  • 7
    • 0033595804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The olfactory bulb: coding and processing of odor molecule information
    • Mori K., Nagao H., and Yoshihara Y. The olfactory bulb: coding and processing of odor molecule information. Science 286 (1999) 711-715
    • (1999) Science , vol.286 , pp. 711-715
    • Mori, K.1    Nagao, H.2    Yoshihara, Y.3
  • 8
    • 0018420285 scopus 로고
    • Functional organization of rat olfactory bulb analysed by the 2-deoxyglucose method
    • Stewart W.B., Kauer J.S., and Shepherd G.M. Functional organization of rat olfactory bulb analysed by the 2-deoxyglucose method. J Comp Neurol 185 (1979) 715-734
    • (1979) J Comp Neurol , vol.185 , pp. 715-734
    • Stewart, W.B.1    Kauer, J.S.2    Shepherd, G.M.3
  • 9
    • 0033166536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optical imaging of odorant representations in the mammalian olfactory bulb
    • Rubin B.D., and Katz L.C. Optical imaging of odorant representations in the mammalian olfactory bulb. Neuron 23 (1999) 499-511
    • (1999) Neuron , vol.23 , pp. 499-511
    • Rubin, B.D.1    Katz, L.C.2
  • 10
    • 33746571725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early events in olfactory processing
    • Wilson R.W., and Mainen Z.M. Early events in olfactory processing. Annu Rev Neurosci 29 (2006) 163-201
    • (2006) Annu Rev Neurosci , vol.29 , pp. 163-201
    • Wilson, R.W.1    Mainen, Z.M.2
  • 11
    • 0031417207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olfactory processing: maps, time and codes
    • Laurent G. Olfactory processing: maps, time and codes. Curr Opin Neurobiol 7 (1997) 547-553
    • (1997) Curr Opin Neurobiol , vol.7 , pp. 547-553
    • Laurent, G.1
  • 12
    • 0031922118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sense and the single neuron: probing the physiology of perception
    • Parker A.J., and Newsome W.T. Sense and the single neuron: probing the physiology of perception. Annu Rev Neurosci 21 (1998) 227-277
    • (1998) Annu Rev Neurosci , vol.21 , pp. 227-277
    • Parker, A.J.1    Newsome, W.T.2
  • 14
    • 0028900784 scopus 로고
    • Refinement of odor molecule tuning by dendrodendritic synaptic inhibition in the olfactory bulb
    • Yokoi M., Mori K., and Nakanishi S. Refinement of odor molecule tuning by dendrodendritic synaptic inhibition in the olfactory bulb. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92 (1995) 3371-3375
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.92 , pp. 3371-3375
    • Yokoi, M.1    Mori, K.2    Nakanishi, S.3
  • 15
    • 0037187724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic gating of spike propagation in the mitral cell lateral dendrites
    • Xiong W., and Chen W.R. Dynamic gating of spike propagation in the mitral cell lateral dendrites. Neuron 34 (2002) 115-126
    • (2002) Neuron , vol.34 , pp. 115-126
    • Xiong, W.1    Chen, W.R.2
  • 16
    • 33645968990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interglomerular center-surround inhibition shapes odorant-evoked input to the mouse olfactory bulb in vivo
    • Vucinic D., Cohen L.B., and Kosmidis E.K. Interglomerular center-surround inhibition shapes odorant-evoked input to the mouse olfactory bulb in vivo. J Neurophysiol 95 (2006) 1881-1887
    • (2006) J Neurophysiol , vol.95 , pp. 1881-1887
    • Vucinic, D.1    Cohen, L.B.2    Kosmidis, E.K.3
  • 18
    • 0035088716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial coding of enantiomers in the rat olfactory bulb
    • Rubin B.D., and Katz L.C. Spatial coding of enantiomers in the rat olfactory bulb. Nat Neurosci 4 (2001) 355-356
    • (2001) Nat Neurosci , vol.4 , pp. 355-356
    • Rubin, B.D.1    Katz, L.C.2
  • 19
    • 0037104716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous versus reinforced olfactory discriminations
    • Linster C., Johnson B.A., Morse A., Yue E., and Leon M. Spontaneous versus reinforced olfactory discriminations. J Neurosci 22 (2002) 6842-6845
    • (2002) J Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 6842-6845
    • Linster, C.1    Johnson, B.A.2    Morse, A.3    Yue, E.4    Leon, M.5
  • 20
    • 0242321787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speed and accuracy of olfactory discrimination in the rat
    • Uchida N., and Mainen Z.F. Speed and accuracy of olfactory discrimination in the rat. Nat Neurosci 6 (2003) 1224-1229
    • (2003) Nat Neurosci , vol.6 , pp. 1224-1229
    • Uchida, N.1    Mainen, Z.F.2
  • 21
    • 0025306667 scopus 로고
    • A method for establishing a five odorant identification confusion matrix task in rats
    • Youngentob S.L., Markert L.M., Mozell M.M., and Hornung D.E. A method for establishing a five odorant identification confusion matrix task in rats. Physiol Behav 47 (1990) 1053-1059
    • (1990) Physiol Behav , vol.47 , pp. 1053-1059
    • Youngentob, S.L.1    Markert, L.M.2    Mozell, M.M.3    Hornung, D.E.4
  • 22
    • 0141687007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mucosal activity patterns as a basis for olfactory discrimination: comparing behavior and optical recordings
    • Kent P.F., Mozell M.M., Youngentob S.L., and Yurco P. Mucosal activity patterns as a basis for olfactory discrimination: comparing behavior and optical recordings. Brain Res 981 (2003) 1-11
    • (2003) Brain Res , vol.981 , pp. 1-11
    • Kent, P.F.1    Mozell, M.M.2    Youngentob, S.L.3    Yurco, P.4
  • 23
    • 0032562196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olfaction in rats with extensive lesions of the olfactory bulbs: implications for odor coding
    • Lu X.C., and Slotnick B.M. Olfaction in rats with extensive lesions of the olfactory bulbs: implications for odor coding. Neuroscience 84 (1998) 849-866
    • (1998) Neuroscience , vol.84 , pp. 849-866
    • Lu, X.C.1    Slotnick, B.M.2
  • 24
    • 0037095690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Odor discrimination and odor quality perception in rats with disruption of connections between the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulbs
    • Slotnick B., and Bodyak N. Odor discrimination and odor quality perception in rats with disruption of connections between the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulbs. J Neurosci 22 (2002) 4205-4216
    • (2002) J Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 4205-4216
    • Slotnick, B.1    Bodyak, N.2
  • 25
    • 0141867794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection and discrimination of carvone enantiomers in rats with olfactory bulb lesions
    • Slotnick B., and Bisulco S. Detection and discrimination of carvone enantiomers in rats with olfactory bulb lesions. Neuroscience 121 (2003) 451-457
    • (2003) Neuroscience , vol.121 , pp. 451-457
    • Slotnick, B.1    Bisulco, S.2
  • 26
    • 5644226083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olfaction in olfactory bulbectomized rats
    • When the bulb is ablated, olfactory axons innervate and form 'glomeruli' in other areas of the forebrain. The authors tested whether these connections are sufficient for odor discrimination and detection. Direct innervation of the olfactory cortex was sufficient to support behavior in many cases, whereas innervation of the frontal pole was not.
    • Slotnick B., Cockerham R., and Pickett E. Olfaction in olfactory bulbectomized rats. J Neurosci 24 (2004) 9195-9200. When the bulb is ablated, olfactory axons innervate and form 'glomeruli' in other areas of the forebrain. The authors tested whether these connections are sufficient for odor discrimination and detection. Direct innervation of the olfactory cortex was sufficient to support behavior in many cases, whereas innervation of the frontal pole was not.
    • (2004) J Neurosci , vol.24 , pp. 9195-9200
    • Slotnick, B.1    Cockerham, R.2    Pickett, E.3
  • 27
    • 1642458172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning modulation of odor-induced oscillatory responses in the rat olfactory bulb: a correlate of odor recognition?
    • The authors examine how oscillations in the olfactory bulb change over the course of olfactory training. Gamma oscillations (in this study defined as 60-90 Hz) are suppressed and beta (here, 20-40 Hz) oscillations are enhanced as the animal learns a two-odor go or no-go discrimination.
    • Martin C., Gervais R., Hugues E., Messaoudi B., and Ravel N. Learning modulation of odor-induced oscillatory responses in the rat olfactory bulb: a correlate of odor recognition?. J Neurosci 24 (2004) 389-397. The authors examine how oscillations in the olfactory bulb change over the course of olfactory training. Gamma oscillations (in this study defined as 60-90 Hz) are suppressed and beta (here, 20-40 Hz) oscillations are enhanced as the animal learns a two-odor go or no-go discrimination.
    • (2004) J Neurosci , vol.24 , pp. 389-397
    • Martin, C.1    Gervais, R.2    Hugues, E.3    Messaoudi, B.4    Ravel, N.5
  • 28
    • 28644438054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning-induced modulation of oscillatory activities in the mammalian olfactory system: the role of the centrifugal fibres
    • Martin C., Gervais R., Chabaud P., Messaoudi B., and Ravel N. Learning-induced modulation of oscillatory activities in the mammalian olfactory system: the role of the centrifugal fibres. J Physiol (Paris) 98 (2004) 467-478
    • (2004) J Physiol (Paris) , vol.98 , pp. 467-478
    • Martin, C.1    Gervais, R.2    Chabaud, P.3    Messaoudi, B.4    Ravel, N.5
  • 29
    • 0030666028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired odour discrimination on desynchronization of odour-encoding neural assemblies
    • Stopfer M., Bhagavan S., Smith B.H., and Laurent G. Impaired odour discrimination on desynchronization of odour-encoding neural assemblies. Nature 390 (1997) 70-74
    • (1997) Nature , vol.390 , pp. 70-74
    • Stopfer, M.1    Bhagavan, S.2    Smith, B.H.3    Laurent, G.4
  • 30
    • 0036092584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of inhibition for temporal and spatial odor representation in olfactory output neurons: a calcium imaging study
    • Sachse S., and Galizia C.G. Role of inhibition for temporal and spatial odor representation in olfactory output neurons: a calcium imaging study. J Neurophysiol 87 (2002) 1106-1117
    • (2002) J Neurophysiol , vol.87 , pp. 1106-1117
    • Sachse, S.1    Galizia, C.G.2
  • 31
    • 12844270440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-frequency oscillations are not necessary for simple olfactory discriminations in young rats
    • Neonatal rats (1-2 weeks postnatal) have immature olfactory bulb circuitry and much smaller odor-evoked local field potential oscillations compared with those of mature animals. Yet these animals showed normal odor-specific behavioral responses indexed using a measurement of heart-rate: habituation to a given odor reduces the response to that odor but has much less effect on closely related odors.
    • Fletcher M.L., Smith A.M., Best A.R., and Wilson D.A. High-frequency oscillations are not necessary for simple olfactory discriminations in young rats. J Neurosci 25 (2005) 792-798. Neonatal rats (1-2 weeks postnatal) have immature olfactory bulb circuitry and much smaller odor-evoked local field potential oscillations compared with those of mature animals. Yet these animals showed normal odor-specific behavioral responses indexed using a measurement of heart-rate: habituation to a given odor reduces the response to that odor but has much less effect on closely related odors.
    • (2005) J Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 792-798
    • Fletcher, M.L.1    Smith, A.M.2    Best, A.R.3    Wilson, D.A.4
  • 32
    • 0035793358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic optimization of odor representations by slow temporal patterning of mitral cell activity
    • Friedrich R.W., and Laurent G. Dynamic optimization of odor representations by slow temporal patterning of mitral cell activity. Science 291 (2001) 889-894
    • (2001) Science , vol.291 , pp. 889-894
    • Friedrich, R.W.1    Laurent, G.2
  • 33
    • 9644257221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maintaining accuracy at the expense of speed: stimulus similarity defines odor discrimination time in mice
    • The authors measured the speed of odor discrimination using a modification of a go/no-go task in which mice must stay at the sampling port to receive water for rewarded stimuli ('stay or no-stay'). Discrimination times, defined using the earliest detectable responses (withdrawals) to unrewarded stimuli, were short (around 200 ms) for easy discriminations and increased to 300 ms for the hardest binary mixtures. The use of asymmetric reward (stay responses are rewarded, whereas no-stay responses are unrewarded) and non-standard timing metrics makes comparison of the data to other psychophysical measurements more difficult.
    • Abraham N.M., Spors H., Carleton A., Margrie T.W., Kuner T., and Schaefer A.T. Maintaining accuracy at the expense of speed: stimulus similarity defines odor discrimination time in mice. Neuron 44 (2004) 865-876. The authors measured the speed of odor discrimination using a modification of a go/no-go task in which mice must stay at the sampling port to receive water for rewarded stimuli ('stay or no-stay'). Discrimination times, defined using the earliest detectable responses (withdrawals) to unrewarded stimuli, were short (around 200 ms) for easy discriminations and increased to 300 ms for the hardest binary mixtures. The use of asymmetric reward (stay responses are rewarded, whereas no-stay responses are unrewarded) and non-standard timing metrics makes comparison of the data to other psychophysical measurements more difficult.
    • (2004) Neuron , vol.44 , pp. 865-876
    • Abraham, N.M.1    Spors, H.2    Carleton, A.3    Margrie, T.W.4    Kuner, T.5    Schaefer, A.T.6
  • 34
    • 0037173603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A neural correlate of response bias in monkey caudate nucleus
    • Lauwereyns J., Watanabe K., Coe B., and Hikosaka O. A neural correlate of response bias in monkey caudate nucleus. Nature 418 (2002) 413-417
    • (2002) Nature , vol.418 , pp. 413-417
    • Lauwereyns, J.1    Watanabe, K.2    Coe, B.3    Hikosaka, O.4
  • 35
    • 0032717996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of mice in an automated olfactometer: odor detection, discrimination and odor memory
    • Bodyak N., and Slotnick B. Performance of mice in an automated olfactometer: odor detection, discrimination and odor memory. Chem Senses 24 (1999) 637-645
    • (1999) Chem Senses , vol.24 , pp. 637-645
    • Bodyak, N.1    Slotnick, B.2
  • 36
    • 0141852938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensity versus identity coding in an olfactory system
    • Stopfer M., Jayaraman V., and Laurent G. Intensity versus identity coding in an olfactory system. Neuron 39 (2003) 991-1004
    • (2003) Neuron , vol.39 , pp. 991-1004
    • Stopfer, M.1    Jayaraman, V.2    Laurent, G.3
  • 37
    • 3342970973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiplexing using synchrony in the zebrafish olfactory bulb
    • Friedrich R.W., Habermann C.J., and Laurent G. Multiplexing using synchrony in the zebrafish olfactory bulb. Nat Neurosci 7 (2004) 862-871
    • (2004) Nat Neurosci , vol.7 , pp. 862-871
    • Friedrich, R.W.1    Habermann, C.J.2    Laurent, G.3
  • 38
    • 0002605644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homing in pacific salmon: mechanisms and ecological basis
    • Dittman A., and Quinn T. Homing in pacific salmon: mechanisms and ecological basis. J Exp Biol 199 (1996) 83-91
    • (1996) J Exp Biol , vol.199 , pp. 83-91
    • Dittman, A.1    Quinn, T.2
  • 39
    • 0037061538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rats can track odors, other rats, and themselves: implications for the study of spatial behavior
    • Wallace D.G., Gorny B., and Whishaw I.Q. Rats can track odors, other rats, and themselves: implications for the study of spatial behavior. Behav Brain Res 131 (2002) 185-192
    • (2002) Behav Brain Res , vol.131 , pp. 185-192
    • Wallace, D.G.1    Gorny, B.2    Whishaw, I.Q.3
  • 40
    • 0037382714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Configurational and nonconfigurational interactions between odorants in binary mixtures
    • Wiltrout C., Dogra S., and Linster C. Configurational and nonconfigurational interactions between odorants in binary mixtures. Behav Neurosci 117 (2003) 236-245
    • (2003) Behav Neurosci , vol.117 , pp. 236-245
    • Wiltrout, C.1    Dogra, S.2    Linster, C.3
  • 41
    • 21644454705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A redefinition of odor mixture quality
    • Odors combined in a mixture are hypothesized to interact perceptually in multiple ways. 'Elemental' interactions retain the identity of their components, whereas 'synthetic' or 'configural' interactions produce mixtures with novel perceptual properties. Here, rats were trained to associate binary mixtures of similar and dissimilar odorants with food and then were probed for generalization of responses to the components of the mixture. The results suggested that interactions could mainly by explained by 'overshadowing' or mixture suppression - whereby one component dominates the mixture.
    • Kay L.M., Crk T., and Thorngate J. A redefinition of odor mixture quality. Behav Neurosci 119 (2005) 726-733. Odors combined in a mixture are hypothesized to interact perceptually in multiple ways. 'Elemental' interactions retain the identity of their components, whereas 'synthetic' or 'configural' interactions produce mixtures with novel perceptual properties. Here, rats were trained to associate binary mixtures of similar and dissimilar odorants with food and then were probed for generalization of responses to the components of the mixture. The results suggested that interactions could mainly by explained by 'overshadowing' or mixture suppression - whereby one component dominates the mixture.
    • (2005) Behav Neurosci , vol.119 , pp. 726-733
    • Kay, L.M.1    Crk, T.2    Thorngate, J.3
  • 42
    • 0036239080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical role of the hippocampus in memory for sequences of events
    • Fortin N.J., Agster K.L., and Eichenbaum H.B. Critical role of the hippocampus in memory for sequences of events. Nat Neurosci 5 (2002) 458-462
    • (2002) Nat Neurosci , vol.5 , pp. 458-462
    • Fortin, N.J.1    Agster, K.L.2    Eichenbaum, H.B.3
  • 43
    • 4544254557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recollection-like memory retrieval in rats is dependent on the hippocampus
    • Fortin N.J., Wright S.P., and Eichenbaum H. Recollection-like memory retrieval in rats is dependent on the hippocampus. Nature 431 (2004) 188-191
    • (2004) Nature , vol.431 , pp. 188-191
    • Fortin, N.J.1    Wright, S.P.2    Eichenbaum, H.3
  • 44
    • 0344393796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orbital prefrontal cortex mediates reversal learning and not attentional set shifting in the rat
    • McAlonan K., and Brown V.J. Orbital prefrontal cortex mediates reversal learning and not attentional set shifting in the rat. Behav Brain Res 146 (2003) 97-103
    • (2003) Behav Brain Res , vol.146 , pp. 97-103
    • McAlonan, K.1    Brown, V.J.2
  • 45
    • 0035340731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animal cognition and the rat olfactory system
    • Slotnick B. Animal cognition and the rat olfactory system. Trends Cogn Sci 5 (2001) 216-222
    • (2001) Trends Cogn Sci , vol.5 , pp. 216-222
    • Slotnick, B.1
  • 46
    • 33646870608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal integrity of an airborne odor stimulus is greatly affected by physical aspects of the odor delivery system
    • Vetter R.S., Sage A.E., Justus K.A., Carde R.T., and Galizia C.G. Temporal integrity of an airborne odor stimulus is greatly affected by physical aspects of the odor delivery system. Chem Senses 31 (2006) 359-369
    • (2006) Chem Senses , vol.31 , pp. 359-369
    • Vetter, R.S.1    Sage, A.E.2    Justus, K.A.3    Carde, R.T.4    Galizia, C.G.5
  • 47
    • 32544440216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sniff as a unit of olfactory processing
    • Kepecs A., Uchida N., and Mainen Z.F. The sniff as a unit of olfactory processing. Chem Senses 31 (2006) 167-179
    • (2006) Chem Senses , vol.31 , pp. 167-179
    • Kepecs, A.1    Uchida, N.2    Mainen, Z.F.3
  • 48
    • 32544439828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal dynamics and latency patterns of receptor neuron input to the olfactory bulb
    • Spors H., Wachowiak M., Cohen L.B., and Friedrich R.W. Temporal dynamics and latency patterns of receptor neuron input to the olfactory bulb. J Neurosci 26 (2006) 1247-1259
    • (2006) J Neurosci , vol.26 , pp. 1247-1259
    • Spors, H.1    Wachowiak, M.2    Cohen, L.B.3    Friedrich, R.W.4
  • 49
    • 32544451825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiratory modulation of olfactory neurons in the rodent brain
    • Buonviso N., Amat C., and Litaudon P. Respiratory modulation of olfactory neurons in the rodent brain. Chem Senses 31 (2006) 145-154
    • (2006) Chem Senses , vol.31 , pp. 145-154
    • Buonviso, N.1    Amat, C.2    Litaudon, P.3
  • 50
    • 0014750684 scopus 로고
    • Synchrony between limbic system theta activity and rhythmical behavior in rats
    • Komisaruk B.R. Synchrony between limbic system theta activity and rhythmical behavior in rats. J Comp Physiol Psychol 70 (1970) 482-492
    • (1970) J Comp Physiol Psychol , vol.70 , pp. 482-492
    • Komisaruk, B.R.1
  • 51
    • 14844340785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theta oscillations and sensorimotor performance
    • Kay L.M. Theta oscillations and sensorimotor performance. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102 (2005) 3863-3868
    • (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.102 , pp. 3863-3868
    • Kay, L.M.1
  • 52
    • 33745752234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seeing at a glance, smelling in a whiff: limits on temporal integration in perception
    • Uchida N., Kepecs A., and Mainen Z.F. Seeing at a glance, smelling in a whiff: limits on temporal integration in perception. Nat Rev Neurosci 7 (2006) 485-491
    • (2006) Nat Rev Neurosci , vol.7 , pp. 485-491
    • Uchida, N.1    Kepecs, A.2    Mainen, Z.F.3
  • 53
    • 31944450870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rats smell in stereo
    • Rats were trained to discriminate between odors delivered from left or right odor tubes by responding to left or the right choice ports. The authors used uni-nasal occlusion to demonstrate that animals used a binasal comparison to perform the task. The rats could detect not only location but also latency differences as short as 50 ms. Rats required only 1-2 sniffs for localization.
    • Rajan R., Clement J.P., and Bhalla U.S. Rats smell in stereo. Science 311 (2006) 666-670. Rats were trained to discriminate between odors delivered from left or right odor tubes by responding to left or the right choice ports. The authors used uni-nasal occlusion to demonstrate that animals used a binasal comparison to perform the task. The rats could detect not only location but also latency differences as short as 50 ms. Rats required only 1-2 sniffs for localization.
    • (2006) Science , vol.311 , pp. 666-670
    • Rajan, R.1    Clement, J.P.2    Bhalla, U.S.3
  • 55
    • 0033325669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Odor- and context-dependent modulation of mitral cell activity in behaving rats
    • Kay L.M., and Laurent G. Odor- and context-dependent modulation of mitral cell activity in behaving rats. Nat Neurosci 2 (1999) 1003-1009
    • (1999) Nat Neurosci , vol.2 , pp. 1003-1009
    • Kay, L.M.1    Laurent, G.2
  • 56
    • 33746527766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rinberg D, Koulakov A, Ollinger F, Geperin A: Mitral cell responses in awake and anesthetized mice [abstract]. Soc Neurosci Abstr 2004: 139.11.
  • 57
    • 17444377154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State-dependent sensory gating in olfactory cortex
    • Murakami M., Kashiwadani H., Kirino Y., and Mori K. State-dependent sensory gating in olfactory cortex. Neuron 46 (2005) 285-296
    • (2005) Neuron , vol.46 , pp. 285-296
    • Murakami, M.1    Kashiwadani, H.2    Kirino, Y.3    Mori, K.4
  • 58
    • 23244432007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An integrative theory of locus coeruleus-norepinephrine function: adaptive gain and optimal performance
    • Aston-Jones G., and Cohen J.D. An integrative theory of locus coeruleus-norepinephrine function: adaptive gain and optimal performance. Annu Rev Neurosci 28 (2005) 403-450
    • (2005) Annu Rev Neurosci , vol.28 , pp. 403-450
    • Aston-Jones, G.1    Cohen, J.D.2
  • 59
    • 0034796381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural basis of a perceptual decision in the parietal cortex (area LIP) of the rhesus monkey
    • Shadlen M.N., and Newsome W.T. Neural basis of a perceptual decision in the parietal cortex (area LIP) of the rhesus monkey. J Neurophysiol 86 (2001) 1916-1936
    • (2001) J Neurophysiol , vol.86 , pp. 1916-1936
    • Shadlen, M.N.1    Newsome, W.T.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.