Genotoxicity screening: The slow march to the future

Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism and Toxicology

Volumn 1, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 261-268

  Walmsley, Richard M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

drug discovery; fluorescence; genetic toxicology; toxicology; yeast

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DRUG DESIGN; FORECASTING; HUMAN; METHODOLOGY; MUTAGEN TESTING; PHARMACEUTICS; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; DRUG DESIGN; FORECASTING; HUMANS; MUTAGENICITY TESTS; TECHNOLOGY, PHARMACEUTICAL;

EID: 33746310232     PISSN: 17425255     EISSN: 17447607     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/17425255.1.2.261     Document Type: Review

References (49)

1. JACKSON MA, STACK HF, WATERS MD: The genetic toxicology of putative nongenotoxic carcinogens. Mutat. Res. (1993) 296:241-277. (Pubitemid 23063746)
2. GOLD LS, SLONE TH, MANLEY NB, AMES BN: Misconceptions about the causes of cancer. Risk Controversy Series 3. The Fraser Institute, Centre for Studies in Risk, Regulation and Environment, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (2002).
3. GOLD LS, DAVID W, GAYLOR DW, SLONE TH: Comparison of cancer risk estimates based on a variety of risk assessment methodologies. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. (2003) 37:45-53. (Pubitemid 36349336)
4. OECD Guidelines for Genetic Toxicology. Published by OECD, Paris, France (1983, 1984, 1986, 1994).
5. AMES BN, MCCANN J, YAMASAKI E: Methods for detecting carcinogens and mutagens with the Salmonella/mammalianmicrosome mutagenicity test. Mutat. Res. (1975) 31:347-364.
6. MARON D, AMES BN: Revised methods for the Salmonella mutagenicity assay. Mutat. Res. (1983) 88:343-350.
7. MORTELMANS K, ZEIGER E: The Ames Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay. Mutat. Res. (2000) 455:29-60.
8. ZEIGER E: Identification of rodent carcinogens and noncarcinogens using genetic toxicity tests: premises, promises, and performance. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. (1998) 28:85-95. (Pubitemid 29076774)
9. ZEIGER E, HASMAN JK, SHELBY MD, MARGOLIN BH, TENNANT RW: Evaluation of four in vitro genetic toxicity tests for predicting rodent carcinogenicity: confirmation of earlier results with 41 additional chemicals. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. (1990) 16:1-14. (Pubitemid 20376833)
10. APPLEGATE ML, MOORE MM, BRODER CB et al.: Molecular dissection of mutations at the heterozygous thymidine kinase locus in mouse lymphoma cells. PNAS USA (1990) 87:51-55.
11. ZHANG LS, HONMA M, MATSUOKA A, SUZUKI T, SOFUNI T, HAYASHI M: Chromosome painting analysis of spontaneous and methyl methanesulfonate-induced trifluorothymidine-resistant L5178Y cell colonies. Mutat. Res. (1996) 370:181-190. (Pubitemid 26365156)
12. COLE J, HARRINGTON-BROCK K, MOORE MM: The mouse lymphoma assay in the wake of ICH4 - where are we now? Mutagenesis (1999) 14:271-281.
13. GALLOWAY SM, ARMSTRONG MJ, REUBEN C et al.: Chromosome aberration and sister chromatic exchanges in Chinese hamster ovary cells: evaluation of 108 chemicals. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. (1978) 10:1-175.
14. GALLOWAY SM, AARDEMA MJ, ISHIDATE JR et al.: Report from working group on in vitro tests for chromosomal aberrations. Mutat. Res. (1994) 312:241-261. (Pubitemid 24187387)
15. PARRY EM, PARRY JM, CORSO C et al.: Detection and characterization of mechanisms of action of aneugenic chemicals. Mutagenesis (2002) 17:509-521. (Pubitemid 35414779)
16. ELLARD S, TOPER S, STEMP G, PARRY EM, WILCOX P, PARRY JM: A comparison of conventional metaphase analysis of Giemsa-stained chromosomes with multi-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis to detect chromosome aberrations induced by daunomycin. Mutagenesis (1996) 11:537-546. (Pubitemid 26397758)
17. DIAS VM, MANELLI-OLIVEIRA R, MACHADO-SANTELLIA GM: Using fluorescence for improvement of the quantitative analysis of micronucleus in cell culture. Mutat. Res. (2005) 565:173-179. (Pubitemid 40127579)
18. KIRKLAND D, AARDEMA M, HENDERSON L, LUTZ MÜLLER L: Evaluation of the ability of a battery of 3 in vitro genotoxicity tests to discriminate rodent carcinogens and non-carcinogens. I. Sensitivity, specificity and relative predictivity. Mutat. Res. (2005) 584:1-256. (Pubitemid 40922793)
19. KIRKLAND DJ: Chromosomal aberration tests in vitro: problems with protocol design and interpretation of results. Mutagenesis (1992) 7:95-106.
20. KIRKLAND D: Chromosome aberration testing in genetic toxicology-past, present and future. Mutat. Res. (1998) 404:173-185. (Pubitemid 29037837)
21. FAIRBAIRN DW, OLIVE PL, ONEILL KL: The comet assay: a comprehensive review. Mutat. Res. (1995) 339:37-59.
22. HARTMANN A, AGURELL E, BEEVERS C et al.: Recommendations for conducting the in vivo alkaline Comet assay. Mutagenesis (2003) 18:45-51. (Pubitemid 36118820)
23. WILLIAMS GM: Detection of chemical carcinogens by unscheduled DNA synthesis in rat liver primary cell cultures. Can. Res. (1977) 37:1845-1851. (Pubitemid 8095201)
24. MIRSALIS JC, TYSON CK, STEINMETZ KL: Measurement of unscheduled DNA synthesis and S-phase synthesis in rodent hepatocytes following in vivo treatment: testing of 24 compounds. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. (1989) 14:155-164. (Pubitemid 19277344)
25. IYER R, COLES B, RANEY KD, THIER R, GUENGERICH FP, HARRIS TM: DNA adduction by the potent carcinogen aflatoxin B1: mechanistic studies. J. Am. Chem. Assoc. (1994) 116:1603-1609. (Pubitemid 2048888)
26. GELBOIN HV: Benzo[alpha]pyrene metabolism, activation and carcinogenesis: role and regulation of mixed-function oxidases and related enzymes. Physiol. Rev. (1980) 60:1107-1166.
27. CRONIN MTD, JAWORSKA JS, WALKER JD, COMBER MHI, WATTS CD, WORTH AP: Use of QSARs in international decision-making frameworks to predict health effects of chemical substances. Environ. Health Perspect. (2003) 111:1391-1401. (Pubitemid 37021144)
28. OMENN GS, LAVE LB: Scientific and cost-effectiveness criteria in selecting batteries of short-term tests. Mutat. Res. (1988) 205:41-49.
29. MOORE MM, HARRINGTONBROCK K, COLE J: Issues for conducting the microtiter version of the mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase (tk) assay and a critical review of data generated in a collaborative trial using the microtiter method. Mutagenesis (1999) 14:271-281. (Pubitemid 29219011)
30. STYLES A, CLARK H, FESTING MF, REW DA: Automation of mouse micronucleus genotoxicity assay by laser scanning cytometry. Cytometry (2001) 44:153-155.
31. HAYASHI M, NORPPA H, SOFUNI T, ISHIDATE M Jr: Mouse bone marrow micronucleus test using flow cytometry. Mutagenesis (1992) 7:251-256.
32. HOPKINS AL, GROOM CR: The druggable genome. Nat. Rev. Drug Disc. (2002) 1:727-730. (Pubitemid 37361545)
33. NUWAYSIR EF, BITTNER M, TRENT J, BARRETT JC, AFSHARI CA: Microarrays and toxicology: the advent of toxicogenomics. Mol. Carc. (1999) 24:153-159. (Pubitemid 29169855)
34. NEWTON RK, AARDEMA M, AUBRECHT J: The utility of DNA microarrays for characterizing genotoxicity. Environ. Health Perspect. (2004) 112:420-422. (Pubitemid 38404552)
35. FLÜCKIGER-ISLER S, BAUMEISTER M, BRAUN K et al.: Assessment of the performance of the Ames II assay: a collaborative study with 19 coded compounds. Mutat. Res. (2004) 558:181-197. (Pubitemid 38229646)
36. REIFFERSCHEID G, HEIL J, ODA Y, ZAHN RK: A microplate version of the SOS/umu-test for rapid detection of genotoxins and genotoxic potentials of environmental samples. Mutat. Res. (1991) 253:215-222.
37. YASUNAGA K, KIYONARI A, OIKAWA T, NAOKI ABE N, YOSHIKAWA K: Evaluation of the Salmonella umu test with 83 NTP chemicals. Env. Mol. Mutagen. (2004) 44:329-345. (Pubitemid 39447237)
38. VAN DER LELIE D, REGNIERS L, BORREMANS B, PROVOOST A, VERSCHAEVE L: The VITOTOX® test, an SOS bioluminescence Salmonella typhimurium test to measure genotoxicity kinetics. Mutat. Res. (1997) 389:279-290. (Pubitemid 27227815)
39. WALMSLEY RM, BILLINTON N, HEYER WD: Green fluorescent protein as a reporter for the DNA damage-induced gene RAD54 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast (1997) 13:1535-1545. (Pubitemid 28088082)
40. KNIGHT AW, GODDARD NJ, BILLINTON N, CAHILL PA, WALMSLEY RM: Fluorescence polarization discriminates green fluorescent protein from interfering autofluorescence in a microplate assay for genotoxicity. J. Biochem. Biophys. Meth. (2002) 51:165-177. (Pubitemid 34327835)
41. CAHILL PA, KNIGHT AW, BILLINTON N et al.: The GreenScreen genotoxicity assay: a screening validation programme. Mutagenesis (2004) 19:105-119. (Pubitemid 38380287)
42. KIRPNICK Z, HOMISKI M, RUBITSKI E et al.: Yeast DEL assay detects clastogens. Mutat. Res. (2005) 582:16-134.
43. AMES BN, LEE FD, DURSTON WE: An improved bacterial test system for the detection and classification of mutagens and carcinogens. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1973) 70:782-786.
44. HEIM R, TSIEN RY: Engineering green fluorescent protein for improved brightness, longer wavelengths and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Curr. Biol. (1996) 6:178-182.
45. MISTELI T, SPECTOR DL: Applications of the green fluorescent protein in cell biology and biotechnology. Nat. Biotechnol. (1997) 15:961-964. (Pubitemid 27425933)
46. BILLINTON N, KNIGHT AW: Seeing the wood through the trees: a review of techniques for distinguishing green fluorescent protein from endogenous autofluorescence. Anal. Biochem. (2001) 291:175-197. (Pubitemid 32373153)
47. KITCHING J, BURLINSON B, WING MG, WALMSLEY RM: Finding the optimum approach for genetic toxicology screening. The Toxicologist (2004) 78(1-S):132.
48. VAN GOMPEL JAJ, BEERENS D, WOESTENBORGHS F, MACKIE C: Abstract of 34th Annual Meeting of the European Environmental Mutagen Society. OW6001 (2004):39.
49. http://www.btgplc.com/mettox/ BTG PLC (2004).