Possible roles of oxidative stress, local circulatory failure and nutrition factors in the pathogenesis of hypervirulent influenza: Implications for therapy and global emergency preparedness

Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease

Volumn 17, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 189-199

  Albert Christophersen, Olav ^a   Haug, Anna ^a  

^a NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES   (Norway)

Author keywords

Avian influenza; Nutrition; Oxidative stress; Pathogenesis; Selenium

Indexed keywords

CARNITINE; GLUTAMINE; GLUTATHIONE; MELATONIN; NITRIC OXIDE; PROSTACYCLIN; PROSTACYCLIN SYNTHASE; REACTIVE NITROGEN SPECIES; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; SELENIUM; THIOCTIC ACID; TRYPTOPHAN; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; UBIDECARENONE;

DEGRADATION; DIET; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; INFLUENZA; INFLUENZA VIRUS; ISCHEMIA; LEUKOCYTE; MALNUTRITION; NONHUMAN; NUTRITION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PATHOGENESIS; PNEUMONIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN INTAKE; REVIEW; SUPPLEMENTATION; VASCULAR RESISTANCE; VIRUS REPLICATION;

ANIMALIA; AVES; ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE;

EID: 33745833189     PISSN: 0891060X     EISSN: 16512235     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/08910600500497655     Document Type: Review

References (98)

1. Scrimshaw NS, Taylor CE, Gordon JE. Interactions of nutrition and infection. Monogr Ser World Health Organ. Geneva: WHO; 1968.
2. Baum MK, Shor-Posner G, Lai S, Zhang G, Lai H, Fletcher MA, et al. High risk of HIV-related mortality is associated with selenium deficiency. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1997;15:370-4.
3. Friis H (ed.). Micronutrients & HIV infection. CRC series in modern nutrition. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2002.
4. Newsholme P. Why is L-glutamine metabolism important to cells of the immune system in health, postinjury, surgery or infection? J Nutr. 2001;131(9 Suppl):2515S-22S;discussion 2523S-2524S.
5. Newsholme EA, Calder PC. The proposed role of glutamine in some cells of the immune system and speculative consequences for the whole animal. Nutrition. 1997;13:728-30.
6. van Hall G, MacLean DA, Saltin B, Wagenmakers AJ. Mechanisms of activation of muscle branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase during exercise in man. J Physiol. 1996;494:899-905.
7. Smyth MJ. Glutathione modulates activation-dependent proliferation of human peripheral blood lymphocyte populations without regulating their activated function. J Immunol. 1991;146:1921-7.
8. Gromer S, Arscott LD, Williams CH Jr, Schirmer RH, Becker K. Human placenta thioredoxin reductase. Isolation of the selenoenzyme, steady state kinetics, and inhibition by therapeutic gold compounds. J Biol Chem. 1998;273:20096-101.
9. Manevich Y, Fisher AB. Peroxiredoxin 6, a 1-Cys peroxiredoxin, functions in antioxidant defense and lung phospholipid metabolism. Free Radic Biol Med. 2005;38:1422-32.
10. Quadrilatero J, Hoffman-Goetz L. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine prevents exercise-induced intestinal lymphocyte apoptosis by maintaining intracellular glutathione levels and reducing mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004;319:894-901.
11. O'Neill AJ, O'Neill S, Hegarty NJ, Coffey RN, Gibbons N, Brady H, et al. Glutathione depletion-induced neutrophil apoptosis is caspase 3 dependent. Shock. 2000;14:605-9.
12. Utsugi M, Dobashi K, Ishizuka T, Endou K, Hamuro J, Murata Y, et al. c-Jun N-terminal kinase negatively regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-12 production in human macrophages: role of mitogen-activated protein kinase in glutathione redox regulation of IL-12 production. J Immunol. 2003;171:628-35.
13. Murata Y, Amao M, Yoneda J, Hamuro J. Intracellular thiol redox status of macrophages directs the Th1 skewing in thioredoxin transgenic mice during aging. Mol Immunol. 2002;38:747-57.
14. Chen G, Wang SH, Converse CA. Glutathione increases interleukin-2 production in human lymphocytes. Int J Immunopharmacol. 1994;16:755-60
15. He SX, Wu B, Chang XM, Li HX, Qiao W. Effects of selenium on peripheral blood mononuclear cell membrane fluidity, interleukin-2 production and interleukin-2 receptor expression in patients with chronic hepatitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2004;10:3531-3.
16. Kiremidjian-Schumacher L, Roy M, Wishe HI, Cohen MW, Stotzky G. Supplementation with selenium augments the functions of natural killer and lymphokine-activated killer cells. Biol Trace Elem Res. 1996;52:227-39
17. Roy M, Kiremidjian-Schumacher L, Wishe HI, Cohen MW, Stotzky G. Supplementation with selenium and human immune cell functions. I. Effect on lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin 2 receptor expression. Biol Trace Elem Res. 1994;41:103-14.
18. 12 treatment. Clin Exp Immunol. 1999;116:28-32.
19. Vanderpas JB, Dumont JE, Contempre B, Diplock AT. Iodine and selenium deficiency in northern Zaire. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;56:957-8.
20. Moreno-Reyes R, Mathieu F, Boelaert M, Begaux F, Suetens C, Riviera MT, et al. Selenium and iodine supplementation of rural Tibetan children affected by Kashin-Beck osteoarthropathy. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78:137-44.
21. Annegers JF. Protein quality of West African foods. Ecology Food Nutr. 1974;3:125-30.
22. Annegers JF. Protein-calorie ratio of West African diets and their relationship to protein calorie malnutrition. Ecology Food Nutr. 1973;2:225-35.
23. Enwezor WO. Sulphur deficiencies in soils of southeastern Nigeria. Geoderma. 1976;15:401-11.
24. Schlesinger WH. Biogeochemistry: an analysis of global change. San Diego: Academic Press; 1997.
25. Adam R, Russing D, Adams O, Ailyati A, Sik Kim K, Schroten H, et al. Role of human brain microvascular endothelial cells during central nervous system infection. Significance of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in antimicrobial defence and immunoregulation. Thromb Haemost. 2005;94:341-6.
26. Venketaraman V, Dayaram YK, Talaue MT, Connell ND. Glutathione and nitrosoglutathione in macrophage defense against Mycobactenum tuberculosis. Infect Immun. 2005;73:1886-9.
27. Staal FJ, Ela SW, Roederer M, Anderson MT, Herzenberg LA, Herzenberg LA. Glutathione deficiency and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Lancet. 1992;339:909-12.
28. Maehira F, Miyagi I, Eguchi Y. Selenium regulates transcription factor NF-kappaB activation during the acute phase reaction. Clin Chim Acta. 2003;334:163-71.
29. Baum MK, Shor-Posner G, Lai S, Zhang H, Lai H, Fletcher MA, et al. High risk of HIV-related mortality is associated with selenium deficiency. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1997;15:370-4.
30. Nimmerjahn F, Dudziak D, Dirmeier U, Hobom G, Riedel A, Schlee M, et al. Active NF-kappaB signalling is a prerequisite for influenza virus infection. J Gen Virol. 2004;85:2347-56.
31. Wurzer WJ, Ehrhardt C, Pleschka S, Berberich-Siebelt F, Wolff T, Walczak H, et al. NF-kappaB-dependent induction of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and Fas/FasL is crucial for efficient influenza virus propagation. J Biol Chem. 2004;279:30931-7.
32. Suematsu N, Tsutsui H, Wen J, Kang D, Ikeuchi M, Ide T, et al. Oxidative stress mediates tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced mitochondrial DNA damage and dysfunction in cardiac myocytes. Circulation. 2003;107:1418-23.
33. Wei YH, Lu CY, Wei CY, Ma YS, Lee HC. Oxidative stress in human aging and mitochondrial disease - consequences of defective mitochondrial respiration and impaired antioxidant enzyme system. Chin J Physiol. 2001;44:1-11.
34. Banmeyer I, Marchand C, Clippe A, Knoops B. Human mitochondrial peroxiredoxin 5 protects from mitochondrial DNA damages induced by hydrogen peroxide. FEBS Lett. 2005;579:2327-33.
35. Ganther HE, Hafeman DG, Lawrence RA, Serfass RE, Hoekstra WG. Selenium and glutathione peroxidase in health and disease - a review. In: Prasad AS, Oberleas D. editors. Trace elements in human health and disease. Volume II. Essential and toxic elements. New York: Academic Press; 1976. p. 165-234.
36. Liu B, Andrieu-Abadie N, Levade T, Zhang P, Obeid LM, Hannun YA. Glutathione regulation of neutral sphingomyelinase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced cell death. J Biol Chem. 1998;273:11313-20.
37. Gouaze V, Mirault ME, Carpentier S, Salvayre R, Levade T, Andrieu-Abadie N. Glutathione peroxidase-1 overexpression prevents ceramide production and partially inhibits apoptosis in doxorubicin-treated human breast carcinoma cells. Mol Pharmacol. 2001;60:488-96.
38. Di Marzio L, Alesse E, Roncaioli P, Muzi P, Marcellini S, Amicosante G, et al. Influence of L-carnitine on CD95 cross-lining-induced apoptosis and ceramide generation in human cell lines: correlation with its effects on purified acidic and neutral sphingomyelinases in vitro. Proc Assoc Am Physicians. 1997;109:154-63.
39. Liu H, Sidiropoulos P, Song G, Pagliari LJ, Birrer MJ, Stein B, et al. TNF-alpha gene expression in macrophages: regulation by NF-kappa B is independent of c-Jun or C/EBP beta. J Immunol. 2000;164:4277-85.
40. Peristeris P, Clark BD, Gatti S, Faggioni R, Mantovani A, Mengozzi M, et al. N-acetylcysteine and glutathione as inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor production. Cell Immunol. 1992;140:390-9.
41. Zaki MH, Akuta T, Akaike T. Nitric oxide-induced nitrative stress involved in microbial pathogenesis. J Pharmacol Sci. 2005;98:117-29.
42. Chiueh CC, Rauhala P. The redox pathway of S-nitrosoglutathione, glutathione and nitric oxide in cell to neuron communications. Free Radic Res. 1999;31:641-50.
43. Jourd'heuil D, Mai CT, Laroux FS, Wink DA, Grisham MB. The reaction of S-nitrosoglutathione with superoxide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998;246:525-30.
44. Jensen DE, Belka GK, Du Bois GC. S-Nitrosoglutathione is a substrate for rat alcohol dehydrogenase class III isoenzyme. Biochem J. 1998;331:659-68.
45. Sies H, Arteel GE. Interaction of peroxynitrite with selenoproteins and glutathione peroxidase mimics. Free Radic Biol Med. 2000;28:1451-5.
46. Takebe G, Yarimizu J, Saito Y, Hayashi T, Nakomura H, Yodoi J, et al. A comparative study on the hydroperoxide and thiol specificity of the glutathione peroxidase family and selenoprotein P. J Biol Chem. 2002;277:41254-8.
47. Hink U, Oelze M, Kolb P, Bachschmid M, Zou MH, Daiber A, et al. Role for peroxynitrite in the inhibition of prostacyclin synthase in nitrate tolerance. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42:1826-34.
48. Bourgain RH. The inhibition of PGI2 synthetase within the arterial wall by 15-hydroperoxyarachidonic acid enhances local white platelet thrombosis. Haemostasis. 1980;9:345-51.
49. Szczeklik A, Gryglewski RJ. Low density lipoproteins (LDL) are carriers for lipid peroxides and inhibit prostacyclin (PGI2) biosynthesis in arteries. Artery. 1980;7:488-95.
50. Munzel T, Hink U, Heitzer T, Meinertz T. Role for NADPH/NADH oxidase in the modulation of vascular tone. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999;874:386-400.
51. Alp NJ, Channon KM. Regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by tetrahydrobiopterin in vascular disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:413-20.
52. Kase H, Hashikabe Y, Uchida K, Nakanishi N, Hattori Y. Supplementation with tetrahydrobiopterin prevents the cardiovascular effects of angiotensin II-induced oxidative and nitrosative stress. J Hypertens. 2005;23:1375-82.
53. Doshi S, McDowell I, Moat S, Lewis M, Goodfellow J. Folate improves endothelial function in patients with coronary heart disease. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2003;41:1505-12.
54. Stroes ES, van Faassen EE, Yo M, Martasek P, Boer P, Govers R, et al. Folic acid reverts dysfunction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Circ Res. 2000;86:1129-34.
55. Powell CS, Jackson RM. Mitochondrial complex I, aconitase, and succinate dehydrogenase during hypoxia-reoxygenation: modulation of enzyme activities by MnSOD. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2003;285:L189-98.
56. Tretter L, Adam-Vizi V. Inhibition of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase due to H2O2-induced oxidative stress in nerve terminals. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999;893:412-6.
57. Radi R, Cassina A, Hodara R. Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite interactions with mitochondria. Biol Chem. 2002;383:401-9.
58. Shiva S, Brookes PS, Patel RP, Anderson PG, Darley-Usmar VM. Nitric oxide partitioning into mitochondrial membranes and the control of respiration at cytochrome c oxidase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001;98:7212-7.
59. Stocker R, Bowry VW, Frei B. Ubiquinol-10 protects human low density lipoprotein more efficiently against lipid peroxidation than does alpha-tocopherol. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991;88:1646-50.
60. Bonvini E, Bougnoux P, Stevenson HC, Miller P, Hoffman T. Activation of the oxidative burst in human monocytes is associated with inhibition of methionine-dependent methylation of neutral lipids and phospholipids. J Clin Invest. 1984;73:1629-37.
61. Bougnoux P, Bonvini E, Stevenson HC, Markey S, Zatz M, Hoffman T. Identification of ubiquinone-50 as the major methylated nonpolar lipid in human monocytes. Regulation of its biosynthesis via methionine-dependent pathways and relationship to superoxide production. J Biol Chem. 1983;258:4339-44.
62. Boschi-Muller S, Olry A, Antoine M, Branlant G. The enzymology and biochemistry of methionine sulfoxide reductases. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005;1703:231-8.
63. Moskovitz J. Roles of methionine sulfoxide reductases in antioxidant defense, protein regulation and survival. Curr Pharm Des. 2005;11:1451-7.
64. Perna AF, Ingrosso D, Satta E, Romano M, Cimmino A, Galletti P, et al. Metabolic consequences of hyperhomocysteinemia in uremia. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;38(4 Suppl1):S85-S90.
65. Shaw S, Jayatilleke E, Herbert V, Colman N. Cleavage of folates during ethanol metabolism. Role of acetaldehyde/xanthine oxidase-generated superoxide. Biochem J. 1989;257:277-80.
66. 12, folic acid and haematological indices in healthy adults. Public Health Nutr. 2003;6:675-81.
67. Refsum H, Yajnik CS, Gadkari M, Schneede J, Vollset SE, Orning L, et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia and elevated methylmalonic acid indicate a high prevalence of cobalamin deficiency in Asian Indians. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;74:233-41.
68. Genova ML, Pich MM, Bernacchia A, Bianchi C, Biondi A, Bovina C, et al. The mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species in relation to aging and pathology. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004;1011:86-100.
69. Lou MF. Redox regulation in the lens. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2003;22:657-82.
70. van Klaveren RJ, Demedts M, Nemery B. Cellular glutathione turnover in vitro, with emphasis on type II pneumocytes. Eur Respir J. 1997;10:1392-400.
71. Moore PS, Marfin AA, Quenemoen LE, Gessner BD, Ayub YS, Miller DS, et al. Mortality rates in displaced and resident populations of central Somalia during 1992 famine. Lancet. 1993;341:935-8.
72. Tumpey TM, Basler CF, Aguilar PV, Zeng H, Solorzano A, Swayne DE, et al. Characterization of the reconstructed 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic virus. Science. 2005;310:77-80.
73. Ichikawa H, Kokura S, Aw TY. Role of endothelial mitochondria in oxidant production and modulation of neutrophil adherence. J Vasc Res. 2004;41:432-44.
74. Maddox JF, Aherne KM, Reddy CC, Sordillo LM. Increased neutrophil adherence and adhesion molecule mRNA expression in endothelial cells during selenium deficiency. J Leukoc Biol. 1999;65:658-64.
75. Moutet M, d'Alessio P, Malette P, Devaux V, Chaudiere J. Glutathione peroxidase mimics prevent TNFalpha- and neutrophil-induced endothelial alterations. Free Radic Biol Med. 1998;25:270-81.
76. Vlahopoulos S, Boldogh I, Casola A, Brasier AR. Nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent induction of interleukin-8 gene expression by tumor necrosis factor alpha: evidence for an antioxidant sensitive activating pathway distinct from nuclear translocation. Blood. 1999;94:1878-89.
77. Hou J, Wu Y, Ling Y. [Modulation of the inflammatory response through complement-neutrophil activation feedback mechanism with selenium and vitamin E.] Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 2000;22:580-4 (in Chinese).
78. Xu M, Hou J, Wu Y, Ling Y. [Study on the modulation of the inflammatory response in mouse hepatic vasculitis with sodium selenite and vitamin E antioxidants.] Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2000;29:279-83 (in Chinese).
79. Hou JC, Jiang ZY, He ZF. [Inhibitory effect of selenium on complement activation and its clinical significance.] Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 1993;73:645-6, 699 (in Chinese).
80. Hou JC. Inhibitory effect of selenite and other antioxidants on complement-mediated tissue injury in patients with epidemic hemorrhagic fever. Biol Trace Elem Res. 1997;56:125-30.
81. Esworthy RS, Yang L, Frankel PH, Chu FF. Epithelium-specific glutathione peroxidase, Gpx2, is involved in the prevention of intestinal inflammation in selenium-deficient mice. J Nutr. 2005;135:740-5.
82. Rayman MP. Dietary selenium: time to act. BMJ. 1997;314:387-8.
83. Statens Livsmedelsverk. Befolkningens kostvanor och näringsintag i Sverige 1989. In: Metod- och resultatanalys. Uppsala: Livsmedelsverkets förlag; 1994.
84. Biasetti M, Dawson R Jr. Effects of sulfur containing amino acids on iron and nitric oxide stimulated catecholamine oxidation. Amino Acids. 2002;22:351-68.
85. Messina SA, Dawson R Jr. Attenuation of oxidative damage to DNA by taurine and taurine analogs. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2000;483:355-67.
86. Gutteridge JM, Nagy I, Maidt L, Floyd RA. ADP-iron as a Fenton reactant: radical reactions detected by spin trapping, hydrogen abstraction, and aromatic hydroxylation. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1990;277:422-8.
87. Goldschmidt VM. Geochemistry. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1954.
88. Finnegan NM, Redmond HP, Bouchier-Hayes DJ. Taurine attenuates recombinant interleukin-2-activated, lymphocyte-mediated endothelial cell injury. Cancer. 1998;82:186-99.
89. Bilska A, Wlodek L. Lipoic acid - the drug of the future? Pharmacol Rep. 2005;57:570-7.
90. Ames BN. A role for supplements in optimizing health: the metabolic tune-up. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2004;423:227-34.
91. Reiter RJ, Tan DX, Pappolla MA. Melatonin relieves the neural oxidative burden that contributes to dementias. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004;1035:179-96.
92. Rodriguez C, Mayo JC, Sainz RM, Antolin I, Herrera F, Martin V, et al. Regulation of antioxidant enzymes: a significant role for melatonin. J Pineal Res. 2004;36:1-9.
93. Leon J, Acuna-Castroviejo D, Escames G, Tan DX, Reiter RJ. Melatonin mitigates mitochondrial malfunction. J Pineal Res. 2005;38:1-9.
94. Carrillo-Vico A, Garcia-Maurino S, Calvo JR, Guerrero JM. Melatonin counteracts the inhibitory effect of PGE2 on IL-2 production in human lymphocytes via its mt1 membrane receptor. FASEB J. 2003;17:755-7.
95. Lissoni P, Chilelli M, Villa S, Cerizza L, Tancini G. Five years survival in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy and melatonin: a randomized trial. J Pineal Res. 2003;35:12-5.
96. Zhang Z, Araghi-Niknam M, Liang B, Inserra P, Ardestani SK, Jiang S, et al. Prevention of immune dysfunction and vitamin E loss by dehydroepiandrosterone and melatonin supplementation during murine retrovirus infection. Immunology. 1999;96:291-7.
97. Lissoni P, Vigore L, Rescaldani R, Rovelli F, Brivio F, Giani L, et al. Neuroimmunotherapy with low-dose subcutaneous interleukin-2 plus melatonin in AIDS patients with CD4 cell number below 200/mm3: a biological phase-II study. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 1995;9:155-8.
98. Osterholm MT. Preparing for the next pandemic. Foreign Affairs. 2005;84:24-37.