The reduced energy intake of rats fed a high-protein low-carbohydrate diet explains the lower fat deposition, but macronutrient substitution accounts for the improved glycemic control

Journal of Nutrition

Volumn 136, Issue 7, 2006, Pages 1849-1854

  Blouet, Clémence ^a   Mariotti, François ^a   Azzout Marniche, Dalila ^a   Bos, Cécile ^a   Mathé, Véronique ^a   Tomé, Daniel ^a   Huneau, Jean François ^a  

^a INRA Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique   (France)

Author keywords

Body composition; Glucose tolerance; Insulin sensitivity; Protein:carbohydrate ratio

Indexed keywords

CARBOHYDRATE; GLUCOSE; INSULIN; LIPID; MILK PROTEIN; PROTEIN;

ADIPOCYTE; ADIPOSE TISSUE; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; BODY COMPOSITION; BODY WEIGHT; CALORIC INTAKE; CARBOHYDRATE DIET; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIET; FEEDING; FOOD INTAKE; GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; LIPID STORAGE; MACRONUTRIENT; MALE; NONHUMAN; ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST; PROTEIN DIET; RAT;

EID: 33745653313     PISSN: 00223166     EISSN: 15416100     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jn/136.7.1849     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Jean C, Rome S, Mathe V, Huneau JF, Aattouri N, Fromentin G, Achagiotis CL, Tomé D. Metabolic evidence for adaptation to a high protein diet in rats. J Nutr. 2001;131:91-8.
2. Farnsworth E, Luscombe ND, Noakes M, Wittert G, Argyiou E, Clifton PM. Effect of a high-protein, energy-restricted diet on body composition, glycemic control, and lipid concentrations in overweight and obese hyperinsulinemic men and women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78:31-9.
3. Baba NH, Sawaya S, Torbay N, Habbal Z, Azar S, Hashim SA. High protein vs high carbohydrate hypoenergetic diet for the treatment of obese hyperinsulinemic subjects. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1999;23:1202-6.
4. Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ, Saeed A, Jordan K, Hoover H. An increase in dietary protein improves the blood glucose response in persons with type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78:734-41.
5. Westerterp KR, Wilson SA, Rolland V. Diet induced thermogenesis measured over 24h in a respiration chamber: effect of diet composition. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1999;23:287-92.
6. Boden G, Sargrad K, Homko C, Mozzoli M, Stein TP. Effect of a low-carbohydrate diet on appetite, blood glucose levels, and insulin resistance in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142:403-11.
7. Rossetti L, Rothman DL, DeFronzo RA, Shulman GI. Effect of dietary protein on in vivo insulin action and liver glycogen repletion. Am J Physiol. 1989;257:E212-9.
8. Krebs M, Krssak M, Bernroider E, Anderwald C, Brehm A, Meyerspeer M, Nowotny P, Roth E, Waldhausl W, Roden M. Mechanism of amino acid-induced skeletal muscle insulin resistance in humans. Diabetes. 2002;51:599-605.
9. Patti ME, Brambilla E, Luzi L, Landaker EJ, Kahn CR. Bidirectional modulation of insulin action by amino acids. J Clin Invest. 1998;101:1519-29.
10. Tremblay F, Marette A. Amino acid and insulin signaling via the mTOR/p70 S6 kinase pathway. A negative feedback mechanism leading to insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells. J Biol Chem. 2001;276:38052-60.
11. Linn T, Santosa B, Gronemeyer D, Aygen S, Scholz N, Busch M, Bretzel RG. Effect of long-term dietary protein intake on glucose metabolism in humans. Diabetologia. 2000;43:1257-65.
12. Lacroix M, Gaudichon C, Martin A, Morens C, Mathe V, Tomé D, Huneau JF. A long-term high-protein diet markedly reduces adipose tissue without major side effects in Wistar male rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2004;287:R934-42.
13. Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ. Effect of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet on blood glucose control in people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2004;53:2375-82.
14. Goodpaster BH, Kelley DE, Wing RR, Meier A, Thaete FL. Effects of weight loss on regional fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in obesity. Diabetes. 1999;48:839-47.
15. Blanc S, Geloen A, Pachiaudi C, Gharib C, Normand S. Validation of the doubly labeled water method in rats during isolation and simulated weightlessness. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2000;279:R1964-79.
16. Culebras JM, Moore FD. Total body water and the exchangeable hydrogen. I. Theoretical calculation of nonaqueous exchangeable hydrogen in man. Am J Physiol. 1977;232:R54-9.
17. Hirsch J, Gallian E. Methods for the determination of adipose cell size in man and animals. J Lipid Res. 1968;9:110-9.
18. Mersmann HJ, MacNeil MD. Variables in estimation of adipocyte size and number with a particle counter. J Anim Sci. 1986;62:980-91.
19. Monzillo LU, Hamdy O. Evaluation of insulin sensitivity in clinical practice and in research settings. Nutr Rev. 2003;61:397-412.
20. Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 1985;28:412-9.
21. Foufelle F, Girard J, Ferre P. Regulation of lipogenic enzyme expression by glucose in liver and adipose tissue: a review of the potential cellular and molecular mechanisms. Adv Enzyme Regul. 1996;36:199-226.
22. Gosmain Y, Dif N, Berbe V, Loizon E, Rieusset J, Vidal H, Lefai E. Regulation of SREBP-1 expression and transcriptional action on HKII and FAS genes during fasting and refeeding in rat tissues. J Lipid Res. 2005;46:697-705.
23. Skov AR, Toubro S, Ronn B, Holm L, Astrup A. Randomized trial on protein vs carbohydrate in ad libitum fat reduced diet for the treatment of obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1999;23:528-36.
24. Layman DK. The role of leucine in weight loss diets and glucose homeostasis. J Nutr. 2003;133:261S-7.
25. Bensaid A, Tomé D, L';Heureux-Bourdon D, Even P, Gietzen D, Morens C, Gaudichon C, Larue-Achagiotis C, Fromentin G. A high-protein diet enhances satiety without conditioned taste aversion in the rat. Physiol Behav. 2003;78:311-20.
26. Bensaid A, Tomé D, Gietzen D, Even P, Morens C, Gausseres N, Fromentin G. Protein is more potent than carbohydrate for reducing appetite in rats. Physiol Behav. 2002;75:577-82.
27. Frizzell RT, Hendrick GK, Brown LL, Lacy DB, Donahue EP, Carr RK, Williams PE, Parlow AF, Stevenson RW, Cherrington AD. Stimulation of glucose production through hormone secretion and other mechanisms during insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Diabetes. 1988;37:1531-41.
28. Boden G, Chen X, Ruiz J, White JV, Rossetti L. Mechanisms of fatty acid-induced inhibition of glucose uptake. J Clin Invest. 1994;93:2438-46.
29. Hotamisligil GS, Peraldi P, Budavari A, Ellis R, White MF, Spiegelman BM. IRS-1-mediated inhibition of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity in TNF-alpha-and obesity-induced insulin resistance. Science. 1996;271:665-8.
30. Wolever TM, Mehling C. Long-term effect of varying the source or amount of dietary carbohydrate on postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, triacylglycerol, and free fatty acid concentrations in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;77:612-21.
31. Pawlak DB, Kushner JA, Ludwig DS. Effects of dietary glycaemic index on adiposity, glucose homoeostasis, and plasma lipids in animals. Lancet. 2004;364:778-85.
32. Parks EJ. Dietary carbohydrate's effects on lipogenesis and the relationship of lipogenesis to blood insulin and glucose concentrations. Br J Nutr. 2002;87:Suppl 2:S247-53.
33. Klein S, Wolfe RR. Carbohydrate restriction regulates the adaptive response to fasting. Am J Physiol. 1992;262:E631-6.
34. Solerte SB, Gazzaruso C, Schifino N, Locatelli E, Destro T, Ceresini G, Ferrari E, Fioravanti M. Metabolic effects of orally administered amino acid mixture in elderly subjects with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol. 2004;93:23A-9A.
35. Manzella D, Grella R, Esposito K, Cacciapuoti F, Arciello A, Giugliano D, Paolisso G. Oral amino acid administration decreases oxidative stress and improves brachial reactivity in elderly individuals. Am J Hypertens. 2005;18:858-63.
36. Nuttall FQ, Gannon MC, Jordan K. The metabolic response to ingestion of proline with and without glucose. Metabolism. 2004;53:241-6.
37. Gannon MC, Nuttall JA, Nuttall FQ. Oral arginine does not stimulate an increase in insulin concentration but delays glucose disposal. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76:1016-22.
38. Gannon MC, Nuttall JA, Nuttall FQ. The metabolic response to ingested glycine. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76:1302-7.
39. Tremblay F, Lavigne C, Jacques H, Marette A. Dietary cod protein restores insulin-induced activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and GLUT4 translocation to the T-tubules in skeletal muscle of high-fat-fed obese rats. Diabetes. 2003;52:29-37.
40. Lavigne C, Tremblay F, Asselin G, Jacques H, Marette A. Prevention of skeletal muscle insulin resistance by dietary cod protein in high fat-fed rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2001;281:E62-71.
41. Belobrajdic DP, McIntosh GH, Owens JA. A high-whey-protein diet reduces body weight gain and alters insulin sensitivity relative to red meat in Wistar rats. J Nutr. 2004;134:1454-8.