Recent developments in our understanding of the renal basis of hyperuricemia and the development of novel antihyperuricemic therapeutics

Arthritis Research and Therapy

Volumn 8, Issue SUPPL. 1, 2006, Pages

  Terkeltaub, Robert ^a   Bushinsky, David A ^b   Becker, Michael A ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALLANTOIN; ALLOPURINOL; BENZBROMARONE; FEBUXOSTAT; LOSARTAN; OXIPURINOL; PLACEBO; PROBENECID; PYRAZINAMIDE; RASBURICASE; SULFINPYRAZONE; URATE; URIC ACID; URICOSURIC AGENT; XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITOR; GUANINE; HYPOXANTHINE; ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTER; URATE OXIDASE; URATE TRANSPORTER 1; CARRIER PROTEIN; ENZYME INHIBITOR; ORGANIC CATION TRANSPORTER; SLC22A12 PROTEIN, HUMAN; XANTHINE OXIDASE;

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIETARY INTAKE; DRUG DOSE REGIMEN; DRUG ERUPTION; DRUG FATALITY; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY; DRUG SYNTHESIS; DRUG TARGETING; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; GENETIC ANALYSIS; GOUT; HUMAN; HYPERURICEMIA; KIDNEY DYSFUNCTION; KIDNEY TUBULE ABSORPTION; LIVER DYSFUNCTION; LIVER TOXICITY; NEPHROTOXICITY; NONHUMAN; REVIEW; URIC ACID BLOOD LEVEL; URINARY EXCRETION; UROLITHIASIS; ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; ANAPHYLAXIS; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG DOSE COMPARISON; DRUG ELIMINATION; DRUG INDICATION; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG STRUCTURE; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; ENZYME INHIBITION; HEREDITY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; RASH; SIDE EFFECT; SINGLE DRUG DOSE; ANTAGONISTS AND INHIBITORS; DIET; KIDNEY; METABOLISM; URINE;

CARRIER PROTEINS; DIET; ENZYME INHIBITORS; HUMANS; HYPERURICEMIA; KIDNEY; ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTERS; ORGANIC CATION TRANSPORT PROTEINS; URATE OXIDASE; URIC ACID; URICOSURIC AGENTS; XANTHINE OXIDASE;

EID: 33745274475     PISSN: 14786354     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/ar1909     Document Type: Review

References (64)

1. Terkeltaub RA: Clinical practice. Gout N Engl J Med 2003, 349: 1647-1655.
2. Becker MA, Jolly M: Clinical gout and the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia. In Arthritis and Allied Conditions, 15th ed. Edited by Koopman WJ, Moreland LW. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2005:2303-2339.
3. Wyngaarden JB, Kelley WN. Gout and Hyperuricemia. New York: Grune & Stratton; 1976:1-512.
4. Benedict JD, Forsham PH, Stetten DeW Jr: The metabolism of uric acid in the normal and gouty human studied with the aid of isotopic uric acid. J Biol Chem 1949, 181:183-193.
5. Sorensen LB: Degradation of uric acid in man. Metabolism 1959, 8:687-703.
6. Watanabe S, Kang DH, Feng L, Nakagawa T, Kanellis J, Lan H, Mazzali M, Johnson RJ: Uric acid, hominoid evolution, and the pathogenesis of slat sensitivity. Hypertension 2002, 40:355-360.
7. Perez-Ruiz F, Calabozo M, Garcia-Erauskin G, Ruibal A, Herrero-Beites AM: Renal underexcretion of uric acid is present in patients with apparent high urinary uric acid output. Arthritis Rheum 2002, 47:610-613.
8. Becker MA, Kim M: Regulation of rates of purine synthesis de novo by purine nucleotides and phosphoribosylpyrophosphate. J Biol Chem 1987, 262:14532-14537.
9. Becker, MA: Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase and the regulation of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate production in human cells. Prog Nucl Acid Res Mol Biol 2001, 69:115-148.
10. Simkin PA: Urate excretion in normal and gouty men. Adv Exp Med Biol 1977, 76B:41-45.
11. Rieselbach R, Sorensen LB, Shelp WD, Steele TH: Diminished renal urate secretion per nephron as a basis for gout. Ann Intern Med 1970, 70:359-366.
12. Roch-Ramel F, Diezi J: Renal transport of organic ions and uric acid. In Diseases of the Kidney, 6th ed. Edited by Schreier RW, Gottschalk CE. Boston: Little Brown; 1996:231-249.
13. Enomoto A, Kimura H, Chairoungdua A, Shigeta Y, Jutabha P, Cha SH, Hosoyamada M, Takeda M, Sekine T, Igarashi T, et al.: Molecular identification of a renal urate anion exchanger that regulates blood urate levels. Nature 2002, 417:447-452.
14. Ichida K, Hosoyamada M, Hisatome I, Enomoto A, Hikita M, Endou H, Hosoya T: Clinical and molecular analysis of patients with renal hypouricemia in Japan: influence of URAT1 gene on urinary urate excretion. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004, 15:164-173.
15. Anzai N, Miyazaki H, Noshiro R, Khamdang S, Chairoungdua A, Shin HJ, Enomoto A, Sakamoto S, Hirata T, Tomita K, Kanai Y, Endou H: The multivalent PDZ-domain-containing protein PDZKi1 regulates transport activity of renal urate-anion exchanger urate1 via its C terminus. J Biol Chem 2004, 279: 45942-45950.
16. Taniguchi A, Urano W, Yamanaka M, Yamanaka H, Hosoyamada M, Endou H, Kamatani N: A common mutation in an organic ion transporter gene, SLC22A12, is a suppressing factor for the development of gout. Arthritis Rheum 2005, 52:2576-2577.
17. Ljubojevic M, Herak-Kramberger CM, Hagos Y, Bahn A, Endou H, Burckhardt G, Sabolic I: Rat renal OAT1 and OAT3 exhibit gender differences determined by both androgen stimulation and estrogen inhibition. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2004, 287: F124-F138.
18. Kim GH, Na KY, Kim SY, Joo KW, Oh YK, Chae SW, Endou H, Han JS: Up-regulation of organic anion transporter 1 protein is induced by chronic furosemide or hydrochlorothiazide infusion in rat kidney. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2003, 18:1505-1511.
19. Kojima R, Sekine T, Kawachi M, Cha SH, Suzuki Y, Endou H: Immunolocalization of multispecific organic anion transporters, OAT1, OAT2, and OAT3, in rat kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002, 13:848-857.
20. Habu Y, Yano I, Takeuchi A, Saito H, Okuda M, Fukatsu A, Inui K: Decreased activity of basolateral organic ion transports in hyperuricemic rat kidney: roles of organic ion transporters, rOAT1, rOAT3 and rOCT2. Biochem Pharmacol 2003, 66:1107-1114.
21. Lipkowitz MS, Leal-Pinto E, Rappoport JZ, Najfeld V, Abramson RG: Functional reconstitution, membrane targeting genomic structure, and chromosomal localization of a human urate transporter. J Clin Invest 2001, 107:1103-1115.
22. Lipkowitz MS, Leal-Pinto E, Cohen BE, Abramson RG: Galectin 9 is the sugar-regulated urate transporter/channel UAT. Glycoconj J 2004, 19:491-498.
23. Anzai N, Enomoto A, Endou H: Renal urate handling: clinical relevance of recent advances. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2005, 7:227-234.
24. Rafey MA, Lipkowitz MS, Leal-Pinto E, Abramson RG: Uric acid transport. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2003, 12:511-516.
25. Hediger MA, Johnson RJ, Miyazaki H, Endou H: Molecular physiology of urate transport. Physiology 2006, 20:125-133.
26. Calabrese G, Simmonds HA, Cameron JS, Davies PM: Precocious familial gout with reduced fractional urate clearance and normal purine enzymes. OJM 1990, 78:441-445.
27. Puig JG, Miranda ME, Mateos FA, Picazo ML, Jimenez ML, Calvin TS, Gil AA: Hereditary nephropathy associated with hyperuricemia and gout. Arch Intern Med 1993, 153:357-365.
28. Dahan K, Devuyst O, Smaers M, Vertommen D, Loute G, Poux JM, Viron B, Jacquot C, Gagnadoux MF, Chauveau D, et al.: A cluster of mutations in the UMOD gene causes familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy with abnormal expression of uromodulin. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003, 14:2883-2893.
29. Kudo E, Kamatani N, Tezuka O, Taniguchi A, Yamanaka H, Yabe S, Osabe D, Shinohara S, Nomura K, Segawa M, et al.: Familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy: Detection of mutations in the uromodulin gene in five Japanese families. Kidney Int 2004, 65:1589-1597.
30. Weichhart T, Zlabinger GJ, Saemann MD: The multiple functions of Tamm-Horsfall protein in human health and disease: a mystery clears up. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2005, 117:316-322.
31. Cameron JS, Simmonds HA: Hereditary hyperuricemia and renal disease. Semin Nephrol 2005, 25:9-18.
32. Rampoldi L, Caridi G, Santon D, Boaretto F, Bernascone I, Lamorte G, Tardanico R, Dagnino M, Colussi G, Scolari F, at al.: Allelism of MCKD, FJHN, and GCKD caused by impairment of uromoduline export dynamics. Hum Molec Genet 2003, 12: 3369-3384.
33. Perez-Ruiz F, Inaki H, Herrero-Beites AM: Uricosuric therapy. In Crystal-induced Arthropathies. Edited by Wortmann RL, Schumacher HR Jr, Becker MA, Ryan LM. New York: Elsevier, in press.
34. Emmerson BT: The management of gout. N Engl J Med 1996, 334:445-451.
35. Bieber JD, Terkeltaub RA: Gout: on the brink of novel therapeutic options for an ancient disease. Arthritis Rheum 2004, 50: 2400-2414.
36. Hille R, Nishino T: Flavoprotein structure and mechanism. 4. Xanthine oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase. FASEB J. 1995, 9:995-1003.
37. Raivio KO, Saksela M, Lapatto R: Xanthine oxidoreductase-role in human pathophysiology and in hereditary xanthinuria. In The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease, 8th ed. Edited by Scriver CR, Beaudet AL, Sly WS, Valle D. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2001:2639-2652.
38. Berry CE, Hare JM: Xanthine oxidoreductase and cardiovascular disease. Molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological implications. J Physiol 2004, 555:589-606.
39. Perez-Ruiz F, Alonso-Ruiz A, Calabozo M, Herrero-Beites A, Garcia-Erauskin G, Ruiz-Lucea E: Efficacy of allopurinol and benzbromarone for the control of hyperuricaemia. A pathogenic approach to the treatment of primary chronic gout. Ann Rheum Dis 1998, 57:545-549.
40. Fam AG: Difficult gout and new approaches for control of hyperuricemia in the allopurinol-allergic patient. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2001, 3:29-35.
41. Arellano F, Sacristan JA: Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome: a review. Ann Pharmacother 1993, 27:337-343.
42. Hung S-I, Chung W-H, Liou L-B, Chu CC, Lin M, Huang HP, Lin YL, Lan JL, Yang LC, Hong HS, et al.: HLA-B*5801 allele as a genetic marker for severe cutaneous adverse reactions caused by allopurinol. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005, 102: 4134-4139.
43. Fam AG, Dunne SM, Jazetta J, Paton TW: Efficacy and safety of desensitization to allopurinol following cutaneous reactions. Arthritis Rheum 2001, 44:231-238.
44. Riedel AA, Nelson M, Joseph-Ridge N, Wallace K, MacDonald P, Becker M: Compliance with allopurinol therapy among managed care enrollees with gout: a retrospective analysis of administrative claims. J Rheumatol 2004, 31:1575-1581.
45. Walter-Sack I, de Vries JX, Kutschker C, Ittensohn A, Voss A: Disposition and uric acid lowering effect of oxipurinol: comparison of different oxipurinol formulations and allopurinol in healthy individuals. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1995, 49:215-220.
46. Okamoto K, Eger BT, Nishino T, Kondo S, Pai EF, Nishino T: An extremely potent inhibitor of xanthine oxidoreductese. Crystal structure of the enzyme-inhibitor complex and mechanism of inhibition. J Biol Chem 2003, 278:1848-1855.
47. Horiuchi H, Ota M, Kobayashi M, Kaneko H, Kasahara Y, Nishimura S, Kondo S, Komoriya K: A comparative study on the hypouricemic activity and potency in renal xanthine calculus formation of two xanthine oxidase/ xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitors: TEI-6720 and allopurinol in rats. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 1999, 104:307-319.
48. Osada Y, Tsuchimoto M, Fukushima H, Takahashi K, Kondo S, Hasegawa M, Komoriya K: Hypouricemic effect of the novel xanthine oxidase inhibitor, TEI-6720, in rodents. Eur J Pharmacol 1993, 241:183-188.
49. Komoriya K, Osada Y, Hasegawa M, Horiuchi H, Kondo S, Couch RC, Griffin TB: Hypouricemic effect of allopurinol and the novel xanthine oxidase inhibitor TEI-6720 in chimpanzees. Eur J Pharmacol 1993, 250:455-460.
50. Takano Y, Hase-Aoki K, Horiuchi H, Zhao L, Kasahara Y, Kondo S, Becker MA: Selectivity of febuxostat, a novel non-purine inhibitor of xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase. Life Sci 2005, 76:1835-1847.
51. Hoshide S, Nishimura S, Ishii S, Matsuzawa K, Saito N, Tanaka T: Metabolites of TMX-67, a new pharmaceutical entity for the treatment of gout or hyperuricemia, and their pharmacokinetic profiles in humans. Drug Metab Rev 2000, Suppl 2: 269.
52. Becker MA, Schumacher HR Jr, Wortmann RL, MacDonald PA, Palo WA, Eustace D, Vernillet L, Joseph-Ridge N: Febuxostat, a novel nonpurine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidese: a twenty-eight-day, multicenter, phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response clinical trial examining safety and efficacy in patients with gout. Arthritis Rheum 2005, 52:916-923.
53. Becker MA, Schumacher HR Jr, Wortmann RL, MacDonald PA, Eustace D, Palo WA, Streit J, Joseph-Ridge N: Feboxostat compared with allopurinol in patients with hyperuricemia and gout. N Engl J Med 2005, 353:2450-2461.
54. Kelly SJ, Delnomdedieu M, Oliverio MI,: Diabetes insipidus in uricase-deficient mice: a model for evaluating therapy with poly(ethylene glycol)-modified uricase. J Am Soc Nephrol 2001, 12:1001-1009.
55. Pui C-H, Jeha S, Camitta B: Recombinant urate oxidase (rasburicase) in the prevention and treatment of malignancy-associated hyperuricemia in pediatric and adult patients: results of a compassionate-use trial. Leukemia 2001, 15:1505-1509.
56. Baraf HSB, Kim S, Matsumoto AK, et al.: Resolution of tophi with intravenous Peg-uricase in refractory gout. Arthritis Rheum 2005, 52:S105.
57. Pui CH: Urate oxidase in the prophylaxis or treatment of hyperuricemia: the United States experience. Semin Hematol 2001, Suppl 10:13-21.
58. Goldman SC: Rasburicase: potential role in managing tumor lysis in patients with hematological malignancies. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2003, 3:429-433.
59. Yim BT, Sims-McCallum RP, Chong PR: Rasburicase for the treatment and prevention of hyperuricemia. Ann Pharmacother 2003, 37:1047-1054.
60. 2-generating peroxisomal urate oxidase. Cancer Res 1996, 56:4846-4852.
61. Patetsios P, Rodino W, Wisselink W, Bryan D, Kirwin JD, Panetta TF: Identification of uric acid in aortic aneurysms and atherosclerotic artery. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1996, 800:243-245.
62. Langemann H, Feuerstein T, Mendelowitsch A, Gratzl O: Microdialytical monitoring of uric and ascorbic acids in the brains of patients after severe brain injury and during neurovascular surgery. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001, 71:169-174.
63. Sundy JS, Becker MA, Baraf HSB, Barkhuizen A, Moreland L, Huang B, Alton M: A phase 2 study of multiple doses of intravenous polyethylene glycol (PEG)-uricase in patients with hyperuricemia and refractory gout. Arthritis Rheum 2005, 52: S679.
64. Bomalaski JS, Goddard DH, Grezlak D: Phase I study of uricase formulated with polyethylene glycol (Uricase-PEG 20). Arthritis Rheum 2002, 46:S141.