The role of astrocytes and microglia in persistent pain

Advances in Molecular and Cell Biology

Volumn 31, Issue , 2003, Pages 951-966

  Raghavendra, Vasudeva ^a   DeLeo, Joyce A ^a  

^a DARTMOUTH HITCHCOCK MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33745168051     PISSN: 15692558     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S1569-2558(03)31042-2     Document Type: Review

References (79)

1. F. Aloisi Immune function of microglia Glia 36 2001 165 179
2. J.L. Arruda R.W. Colburn A.J. Rickman M.D. Rutkowski J.A. DeLeo Increase of interleukin-6 mRNA in the spinal cord following peripheral nerve injury in the rat: potential role of IL-6 in neuropathic pain Mol. Brain Res. 62 1998 228 235
3. J.L. Arruda S. Sweitzer M.D. Rutkowski J.A. DeLeo Intrathecal anti-IL-6 antibody and IgG attenuates peripheral nerve injury-induced mechanical allodynia in the rat: possible immune modulation in neuropathic pain Brain Res. 879 2000 216 225
4. M. Aschner J.W. Allen H.K. Kimelberg R.M. LoPachin W.J. Streit Glial cells in neurotoxicity development Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 39 1999 151 173
5. L. Bao Y. Zhu A.M. Elhassan Q. Wu B. Xiao J. Zhu J.U. Lindgren Adjuvant-induced arthritis: IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α are up-regulated in the spinal cord Neuroreport 12 2001 3905 3908
6. A. Benini J.A. DeLeo Rene Descartes’ physiology of pain Spine 24 1999 2115 2119
7. L.M. Bolin A.N. Verity J.E. Silver E.M. Shooter J.S. Abrams Interleukin-6 production in Schwann cells and induction in sciatic nerve injury J. Neurochem. 64 1995 850 858
8. M. Bianchi R. Maggi F. Pimpinelli T. Rubino D. Parolaro V. Poli G. Ciliberto A.E. Panerai P. Sacerdote Presence of reduced opioid response in interleukin-6 knock out mice Eur. J. Neurosci. 11 1999 1501 1507
9. A. Coelho J. Fioramonti L. Bueno Brain interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha are involved in lipopolysaccharide-induced delayed rectal allodynia in awake rats Brain Res. Bull. 52 2000 223 228
10. R.W. Colburn J.A. DeLeo A.J. Rickman M.P. Yeager P. Kwon W.F. Hickey Dissociation of microglial activation and neuropathic pain behaviors following peripheral nerve injury in the rat J. Neuroimmunol. 79 1997 163 175
11. R.W. Colburn A.J. Rickman J.A. DeLeo The effect of site and type of nerve injury on spinal glial activation and neuropathic pain behavior Exp. Neurol. 157 1999 289 304
12. J.L. Cova H. Aldskogius Effect of nerve section on perineuronal glial cells in the CNS of rat and cat Anat. Embryol. (Berl) 169 1984 303 307
13. W.C. Covey T.A. Ignatowski P.R. Knight R.N. Spengler Brain-derived TNF alpha: involvement in neuroplastic changes implicated in the conscious perception of persistent pain Brain Res. 859 2000 113 122
14. J.M. Cunha F.Q. Cunha S. Poole S.H. Ferreira Cytokine-mediated inflammatory hyperalgesia limited by interleukin-1 receptor antagonist Br. J. Pharmacol. 130 2000 1418 1424
15. J.A. DeLeo R.W. Colburn L.R. Watkins S.F. Maier Proinflammatory cytokines and glial cells: their role in neuropathic pain. 1999 Birkhauser Verlag Basel, Switzerland 159 181
16. J.A. DeLeo R.P. Yezierski The role of neuroinflammation and neuroimmune activation in persistent pain Pain 90 2001 1 6
17. J.A. DeLeo R.W. Colburn M. Nichols A. Malhotra Interleukin (IL)-6 mediated hyperalgesia/allodynia and increased spinal IL-6 in a mononeuropathy model in the rat J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 16 1996 695 700
18. J.A. DeLeo M.D. Rutkowski A.K. Stalder I.L. Campbell Transgenic expression of TNF by astrocytes increases mechanical allodynia in a mouse neuropathy model Neuroreport 11 2000 599 602
19. M. Ding R.P. Hart F.M. Jonakait Tumor necrosis factor-α induces substance P in sympathetic ganglia through sequential induction of interleukin-1 and leukemia inhibitory factor J. Neurobiol. 28 1995 445 454
20. Y. Dong E.N. Benveniste Immune function of astrocytes Glia 36 2001 180 190
21. R. Faggioni F. Benigni P. Ghezzi Proinflammatory cytokines as pathogenetic mediators in the central nervous system Neuroimmunomodulation 2 1995 2 15
22. S.M. Fine R.A. Angel S.W. Perry L.F. Epstein J.D. Rothstein S. Dewhurst H.A. Gelbard Tumor necrosis factor-α inhibits glutamate uptake by primary human astrocytes J. Biol. Chem. 271 1996 15303 15306
23. C.J. Garrison P.M. Dougherty S.M. Carlton GFAP expression in lumbar spinal cord of naı̈ve and neuropathic rats treated with MK-801 Exp. Neurol. 129 1994 237 243
24. J. Gehrmann S. Monoco G.W. Kreutzberg Spinal cord microglia cells and DRG satellite cells rapidly respond to transection of the rat sciatic nerve Restor. Neurol. Neurosci. 2 1991 181 198
25. S.A. Gilmore R.D. Skinner Intraspinal non-neuronal cellular responses to peripheral nerve injury Anat. Rec. 194 1979 369 388
26. H. Gul O. Yildiz A. Dogrul O. Yesilyurt A. Isimer The interaction between IL-1β and morphine: possible mechanism of the deficiency of morphine-induced analgesia in diabetic mice Pain 89 2000 39 45
27. H. Hashizume J.A. DeLeo R.W. Colburn J.N. Weinstein Spinal glial activation and cytokine expression after lumbar root injury in the rat Spine 25 2000 1206 1217
28. H. Hashizume M.D. Rutkowski J.N. Weinstein J.A. DeLeo Central administration of methotrexate reduces mechanical allodynia in an animal model of radiculopathy/sciatica Pain 87 2000 159 169
29. W.F. Hickey H. Kimura Perivascular microglia are bone marrow derived and present antigen in vivo Science 239 1988 290 292
30. R. Kiefer D. Lindholm G. Kreutzberg Interleukin-6 and transforming growth factor-β1 mRNAs are induced in rat facial nucleus following motoneuron axotomy Eur. J. Neurosci. 5 1993 775 781
31. J.I. Koening Presence of cytokines in the hypothalamic–pituitary axis Prog. Neuroendoimmunol. 4 1991 143 153
32. 2+ and induces a depolarization in cultured astroglial cells Brain 119 1996 2021 2027
33. G.W. Kreutzberg Microglia: a sensor for pathological events in the CNS Trends Neurosci. 19 1996 312 318
34. T.M. Laughlin J.R. Bethea R.P. Yezierski G.L. Wilcox Cytokine involvement in dynorphin-induced allodynia Pain 84 2000 159 167
35. E.A. Ling W.C. Wong The origin and nature of ramified and amoeboid microglia: a historical review and current concepts Glia 7 1993 9 18
36. Y. Luo C. Kaur E. Ling Neuronal and glial response in the rat hypothalamus–neurohypophysis complex with streptozotocin-induced diabetes Brain Res. 925 2002 42 54
37. W. Ma R. Quirion Partial sciatic nerve ligation induces increase in the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in astrocytes in the lumbar spinal dorsal horn and the gracile nucleus Pain 99 2002 175 184
38. K.S. McNaught P. Jenner Extracellular accumulation of nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and glutamate in astrocytic cultures following glutathione depletion, complex I inhibition, and/or lipopolysaccharide-induced activation Biochem. Pharmacol. 60 2000 979 988
39. S.T. Meller C. Dykstra D. Grzbycki S. Murphy G.F. Gebhart The possible role of glia in nociceptive processing and hyperalgesia in the spinal cord of the rat Neuropharmacology 33 1994 1471 1478
40. R. Melzack P. Wall Pain mechanism: a new theory Science 150 1965 971 979
41. R. Mielke H.J. Moller T. Erkinjuntti B. Rosenkranz M. Rother B. Kittner Propentofylline in the treatment of vascular dementia and Alzheimer type dementia: overview of phase 1 and phase II clinical trials Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. 12 1998 S29 S35
42. E.D. Milligan K.K. Mehmert J.L. Hinde L.O.J. Harvey D. Martin K.J. Tracey S.F. Maier L.R. Watkins Thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia produced by intrathecal administration of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein, gp120 Brain Res. 861 2000 105 116
43. E.D. Milligan K.A. O'Connor K.T. Nguyen C.B. Armstrong C. Twining R.P. Gaykema A. Holguin D. Martin S.F. Maier L.R. Watkins Intrathecal HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 induces enhanced pain states mediated by spinal cord proinflammatory cytokines J. Neurosci. 21 2001 2808 2819
44. Milligan, E.D., O'Connor, K.A., Armstrong, C.B., Martin, D., Tracey, K.J., Maier, S.F., Watkins, L.R., 2001b. Systemic administration of CNI-1493, a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor, blocks HIV-1 gp120-induced enhanced pain states in rats. J. Pain , –.
45. P.G. Murphy J. Grodin M. Altares P.M. Richardson Induction of interleukin-6 in axotomized sensory neurons J. Neurosci. 15 1995 5130 5138
46. P.G. Murphy M.S. Ramer L. Borthwick P.M. Gauldie M.A. Richardson M.A. Bisby Endogenous interleukin-6 contributes to hypersensitivity to cutaneous stimuli and changes in neuropeptides associated with chronic nerve constriction in mice Eur. J. Neursoci. 11 1999 2243 2253
47. J.G. Norris E.N. Benveniste Interleukin-6 production by astrocytes: induction by the neurotransmitter norepinephrine J. Neurosci. 45 1993 137 146
48. T. Oka S. Aou T. Hori Intracerebroventricular injection of interleukin-1β induces hyperalgesia in rats Brain Res. 624 1993 61 68
49. T. Oka S. Aou T. Hori Intracerebroventricular injection of interleukin-1β enhances nociceptive neuronal responses of trigeminal nucleus caudalis in rats Brain Res. 656 1994 236 244
50. A. Onda M. Hamba S. Yabuki S. Kikuchi Exogenous tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces abnormal discharges in rat dorsal horn neurons Spine 27 2002 1618 1624
51. P.H. Patterson H. Nawa Neuronal differentiation factors/cytokines and synaptic plasticity Cell 72 1993 123 137
52. L.M. Phillips L.A. Lampson Local neurochemicals and site-specific immune regulation in the CNS J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 59 2000 177 187
53. 1β in mice J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 299 2001 659 665
54. V. Raghavendra J.N. Agrewala S.K. Kulkarni Melatonin reversal of lipopolysaccharides-induced thermal and behavioral hyperalgesia in mice Eur. J. Pharmacol. 395 2000 15 21
55. Raghavendra V., DeLeo J.A., 2002. Activated glia in regulating morphine analgesia, development of tolerance and withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia in neuropathic and sham-operated rats. 10th World Congress on Pain. San Diego, California, USA.
56. Raghavendra, V., Rutkowski, M.D., DeLeo, J.A., 2002. The role of spinal neuroimmune activation in morphine tolerance/hyperalgesia in neuropathic and sham operated rats. J. Neursoci. ; –.
57. A.J. Reeve S. Patel A. Fox K. Walker L. Urban Intrathecally administered endotoxin or cytokine produce allodynia, hyperalgesia and changes in spinal cord neuronal responses to nociceptive stimuli in the rat Eur. J. Pain 4 2000 247 257
58. D.J. Rossi T. Oshima D. Attwell Glutamate release in severe brain ischemia is mainly by reversed uptake Nature 403 2000 316 321
59. N.J. Rothwell Functions and mechanisms of interleukin-1 in the brain Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 12 1991 430 436
60. N.J. Rothwell S.J. Hopkins Cytokines and the nervous system II: actions and mechanisms of action Trends Neurosci. 18 1995 130 136
61. Rutkowski, M.D., DeLeo, J.A., 2002. The role of cytokines in the initiation and maintenance of chronic pain. DNP , –.
62. G. Sakaue M. Shimaoka T. Fukuoka T. Hiroi T. Inoue N. Hashimoto T. Sakaguchi Y. Sawa R. Morishita H. Kiyono K. Noguchi T. Mashimo NF-κB decoy suppresses cytokine expression and thermal hyperalgesia in a rat neuropathic pain model Neuroreport 12 2001 2079 2084
63. P. Schubert T. Morino H. Miyazaki T. Ogata Y. Nakamura C. Marchini S. Ferroni Cascading glia reactions, a common pathomechanism and its differentiated control by cyclic nucleotide signaling Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 903 2000 24 33
64. A. Seely N. Christou Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome: exploring the paradigm of complex nonlinear systems Crit. Care Med. 28 2000 2193 2200
65. C. Sommer T. Lindenlaub P. Teuteberg M. Schafers T. Hartung K.V. Toyka Anti-TNF-neutralizing antibodies reduce pain-related behavior in two different mouse models of painful mononeuropathy Brain Res. 913 2001 86 89
66. P. Song Z.-Q. Zhao The involvement of glial cells in the development of morphine tolerance Neurosci. Res. 39 2001 281 286
67. Sweitzer, S.M., DeLeo, J.A., 2002. The active metabolite of leflunomide, an immunosuppressive agent, reduces mechanical sensitivity in a rat mononeuropathy model. J. Pain , –.
68. S. Sweitzer R.W. Colburn M. Rutkowski J.A. DeLeo Acute peripheral inflammation induces moderate glial activation and spinal IL-1β expression that correlates with pain behavior in the rat Brain Res. 829 1999 209 221
69. S. Sweitzer D. Martin J.A. DeLeo Intrathecal interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in combination with soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor exhibits an anti-allodynic action in a rat model of neuropathic pain Neuroscience 103 2001 529 539
70. S.M. Sweitzer P. Schubert J.A. DeLeo Propentofylline, a glial modulating agent, exhibits antiallodynic properties in a rat model of neuropathic pain J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 297 2001 1210 1217
71. S.M. Sweitzer K.A. White C. Dutta J.A. DeLeo The differential role of spinal MHC class II and cellular adhesion molecules in peripheral inflammatory versus neuropathic pain in rodents J. Neuroimmunol. 125 2002 82 93
72. K. Takuma E. Lee R. Enomoto K. Mori A. Baba T. Matsuda Ibudilast attenuates astrocyte apoptosis via cyclic GMP signalling pathway in an in vitro reperfusion model Br. J. Pharmacol. 133 2001 841 848
73. L.R. Watkins S.F. Maier The pain of being sick: implications of immune-to-brain communication for understanding pain Annu. Rev. Psychol. 51 2000 29 57
74. L.R. Watkins E.P. Wiertelak L.E. Goehler K.P. Smith D. Martin S.F. Maier Characterization of cytokine-induced hyperalgesia Brain Res. 654 1994 15 26
75. L.R. Watkins D. Martin P. Ulrich K.J. Tracey S.F. Maier Evidence for the involvement of spinal cord glia in subcutaneous formalin induced hyperalgesia in the rat Pain 71 1997 225 235
76. L.R. Watkins E.D. Milligan S.F. Maier Glial activation: a driving force for pathological pain Trends Neurosci. 24 2001 450 455
77. L.R. Watkins E.D. Milligan S.F. Maier Spinal cord glia: new players in pain Pain 93 2001 201 205
78. C. Won H.J. Park H.C. Shin Interleukin-1 beta facilitates afferent sensory transmission in the primary somatosensory cortex of anesthetized rats Neurosci. Lett. 201 1995 255 258
79. J. Wordliczek A.M. Szczepanik M. Banach J. Turchan M. Zembala M. Siedlar R. Przewlocki W. Serednicki B. Przewlocka The effect of pentoxifylline on post-injury hyperalgesia in rats and postoperative pain patient Life Sci. 66 2000 1155 1164