Regional variability of species-specific crown openness for aspen and spruce in western boreal Canada

Forest Ecology and Management

Volumn 228, Issue 1-3, 2006, Pages 241-250

  Astrup, Rasmus ^a   Larson, Bruce C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Aspen; Crown openness; Light model; Picea glauca; Populus tremuloides; SORTIE; White spruce

Indexed keywords

FORESTRY; REGIONAL PLANNING; SOFTWOODS; WOOD PRODUCTS;

CROWN OPENNESS; LIGHT MODEL; SORTIE;

HARDWOODS;

BOREAL FOREST; FOREST MANAGEMENT; LIGHT AVAILABILITY; UNDERSTORY;

FORESTRY; PICEA; POPULUS; WOOD PRODUCTS;

CANADA; NORTH AMERICA;

PICEA; PICEA GLAUCA; POPULUS TREMULOIDES;

EID: 33646567127     PISSN: 03781127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.02.048     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Banner, A., MacKenzie, W., Haeussler, S., Thomson, S., Pojar, J., Trowbridge, R., 1993. A Field Guide to Site Identification and Interpretation for the Prince Rupert Forest Region. Land Management Handbook No. 26. BC Ministry of Forests, Research Branch, Victoria, BC.
2. BC Ministry of Forests 2003. Site Index Estimates by Site Series: Report by Region (2003 approximation) (available at: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/sibec/reports/sisu2003ByRegion.pdf, accessed: 7 December 2004).
3. Beckingham, J.D., Archibald, J.H., 1996. Field Guide to Ecosites of Northern Alberta. Spec. Rep. 5. Canadian Forest Service, Northwest Region, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta.
4. Beckingham, J.D., Nielsen, D.G., Futoransky, V.A., 1996. Field Guide to Ecosites of the Mid-boreal Ecoregions of Saskatchewan. Spec. Rep. 6. Canadian Forest Service, Northwest Region, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta.
5. Beaudet M., Messier C., and Canham C.D. Predictions of understory light conditions in northern hardwood forests following parameterization, sensitivity analysis, and test of the SORTIE light model. For. Ecol. Manage. 165 (2002) 235-248
6. Brunner A. A light model for spatially explicit forest stand models. For. Ecol. Manage. 107 (1998) 19-46
7. Canham C.D. An index for understory light levels in and around canopy gaps. Ecology 69 (1988) 1634-1638
8. Canham C.D., Finzi A.C., Pacala S.W., and Burbank D.H. Causes and consequences of resource heterogeneity in forests: interspecific variation in light transmission by canopy trees. Can. J. For. Res. 24 (1994) 337-349
9. Canham C.D., Coates K.D., Bartemucci P., and Quaglia S. Measurement and modeling of spatially explicit variation in light transmission through interior cedar-hemlock forests of British Columbia. Can. J. For. Res. 29 (1999) 1775-1783
10. Chazdon R.L. Sunflecks and their importance to forest understory plants. Adv. Ecol. Res. 18 (1988) 1-63
11. Coates K.D., Canham C.D., Beaudet M., Sachs D.L., and Messier C. Use of a spatially explicit individual-tree model (SORTIE-BC) to explore the implications of patchiness in structurally complex forests. For. Ecol. Manage. 186 (2004) 297-310
12. Constabel A.J., and Lieffers V.J. Seasonal patterns of light transmission through boreal mixedwood canopies. Can. J. For. Res. 26 (1996) 1008-1014
13. DeLong, C., MacKinnon, A., Jang, L., 1990. A Field Guide for Site Identification and Interpretation of Ecosystems of the Northeast Portion of Prince George Forest Region. Land Management Handbook No. 22. BC Ministry of Forests, Research Branch, Victoria, BC.
14. De Vries W., Klap J.M., and Erisman J.W. Effects of environmental stress on forest crown condition in Europe. Part I. Hypotheses and approach to the study. Water Air Soil Pollut. 119 (2000) 317-333
15. Frazer, G.W., Canham, C.D., Lertzman, K.P., 1999. Gap Light Analyzer (GLA), Version 2: Imaging Software to Extract Canopy Structure and Gap Light Indices from True-Colour Fisheye Photographs. Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, and the Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY.
16. Frazer G.W., Trofymow J.A., and Lertzman K.P. Canopy openness and leaf area in chronosequences of coastal temperate rainforests. Can. J. For. Res. 30 (2000) 239-256
17. Frazer G.W., Fournier R.A., Trofymow J.A., and Hall R.J. A comparison of digital and film fisheye photography for analysis of forest canopy structure and gap light transmission. Agric. For. Meteorol. 109 (2001) 249-263
18. Gholz H.L., Fitz F.K., and Waring R.H. Leaf area differences associated with old-growth forest communities in the western Oregon Cascades. Can. J. For. Res. 6 (1976) 49-57
19. Grier C.G., and Running S.W. Leaf area of mature northwestern coniferous forests; relation to site water balance. Ecology 58 (1977) 893-899
20. Horn H.S. The Adaptive Geometry of Trees (1971), Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ 144 pp.
21. Huang S., Price D., and Titus S.J. Development of ecoregion-based height-diameter models for white spruce in boreal forests. For. Ecol. Manage. 129 (2000) 125-141
22. Huang S., Titus S.J., and Wiens D.P. Comparison of nonlinear height-diameter functions for major Alberta tree species. Can. J. For. Res. 22 (1992) 1297-1304
23. Innes, J.L., 1990. Assessment of Tree Condition. Forestry Commission Fieldbook 12. HMSO, London.
24. Innes J.L. Forest Health: Its Assessment and Status (1993), CAB International, Wallingford, UK 667 pp.
25. Innes, J.L., Boswell, R.C., 1988. Forest Health Surveys 1987. Part 2: Analysis and Interpretation. Forestry Commission Bulletin 79. HMSO, London.
26. Klap J.M., Voshaar J.H.O., De Vries W., and Erisman J.W. Effects of environmental stress on forest crown condition in Europe. Part IV. Statistical analysis of relationships. Water Air Soil Pollut. 119 (2000) 387-420
27. Larsen D.R., and Kershaw Jr. J.A. Influence of canopy structure assumptions on predictions from Beer's law. A comparison of deterministic and stochastic simulations. Agric. For. Meteorol. 81 (1996) 61-77
28. Lieffers V.J., Messier C., Stadt K.J., Gendron F., and Comeau P.G. Predicting and managing light in the understory of boreal forests. Can. J. For. Res. 29 (1999) 769-811
29. Lieffers V.J., and Stadt K. Growth of understory Picea glauca, Calamagrostis canadensis, and Epilobium angustifolium in relation to overstory light. Can. J. For. Res. 24 (1994) 1193-1198
30. Machado J.-L., and Reich P.B. Evaluation of several measures of canopy openness as predictors of photosynthetic photon flux density in deeply shaded conifer-dominated forest understory. Can. J. For. Res. 29 (1999) 1438-1444
31. Messier C., Parent S., and Bergeron Y. Effects of overstory and understory vegetation on the understory light environment in mixed boreal forests. J. Veg. Sci. 9 (1998) 511-520
32. Messier C., Doucet R., Ruel J.-C., Claveau Y., Kelly C., and Lechowicz M.J. Functional ecology of advanced regeneration in relation to light in boreal forests. Can. J. For. Res. 29 (1999) 812-823
33. Monsi M., and Saeki T. Über den lichtfakctor in den pflanzengesellschaften und seine bedetung für die stoffproduktion. Jpn. J. Bot. 14 (1953) 22-52
34. Neter J., Kunter M.H., Nachtsheim C.J., and Wasserman W. Applied Linear Statistical Models. fourth ed. (1996), The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc., Boston 1408 pp.
35. Norman J.M., and Jarvis P.G. Photosynthesis in sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.). V. Radiation penetration theory and a test case. J. Appl. Ecol. 12 (1975) 839-878
36. Oliver C.D., and Larson B.C. Forest Stand Dynamics. update ed. (1996), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York 520 pp.
37. Pacala S.W., Canham C.D., and Silander Jr. J.A. Forest models defined by field measurements. I. The design of a northeastern forest simulator. Can. J. For. Res. 23 (1993) 1980-1988
38. Pacala S.W., Canham C.D., Saponara J., Silander Jr. J.A., Kobe R.K., and Ribbens E. Forest models defined by field measurements: estimation, error analysis, and dynamics. Ecol. Monogr. 66 (1996) 1-43
39. Pojar, J., Meidingerm, D., Klinka, K., 1991. Concepts. In: Meidinger, D., Pojar, J., (Eds.), Ecosystems of British Columbia. BC Ministry of Forests, Research Branch, Victoria, BC. Special Report Series No. 6, pp. 9-37.
40. Redfern D.B., and Boswell R.C. Assessment of crown conditions in forest trees: comparison of methods, sources of variation and observer bias. For. Ecol. Manage. 188 (2004) 146-160
41. Stadt K.J., and Lieffers V.J. MIXLIGHT: a flexible light transmission model for mixed-species forest stands. Agric. For. Meteorol. 102 (2000) 235-252
42. USDA Forest Service, 2002. Phase 3 Field Guide-Crowns: Measurements and Sampling (available at: http://fia.fs.fed.us/library.htm%20manuals, accessed: 7 December 2004).
43. Wagner S. Calibration of gray values of hemispherical photographs for image analysis. Agric. For. Meteorol. 90 (1998) 103-117
44. Wagner S. Relative radiance measurements and zenith angle dependent segmentation in hemispherical photography. Agric. For. Meteorol. 107 (2001) 103-115
45. Wright E.F., Coates K.D., Canham C.D., and Bartemucci P. Species variability in growth response to light across climatic regions in northwestern British Columbia. Can. J. For. Res. 28 (1998) 871-886