The 6-kilodalton early secreted antigenic target-responsive, asymptomatic contacts of tuberculosis patients express elevated levels of interleukin-4 and reduced levels of gamma interferon

Infection and Immunity

Volumn 74, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 2817-2822

  Demissie, Abebech ^a   Wassie, Liya ^a   Abebe, Markos ^a   Aseffa, Abraham ^a   Rook, Graham ^c   Zumla, Alimuddin ^c   Andersen, Peter ^b   Doherty, T Mark ^b   Fletcher, Helen ^d   Chintu, Chifumbe ^e   Mulundu, Gina ^e   Mwaba, Peter ^e   McAdam, K P W J ^f   Owiafe, Patrick ^f   Warndorff, David ^f   Lienhardt, Christian ^f   Brookes, R ^f   Hill, Phillip ^f  

^a ARMAUER HANSEN RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Ethiopia)

^b STATENS SERUM INSTITUT   (Denmark)

^c ROYAL FREE AND UNIVERSITY COLLEGE MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA   (Zambia)

^f MRC   (Gambia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EARLY SECRETORY ANTIGENIC TARGET 6; GAMMA INTERFERON; INTERLEUKIN 4; INTERLEUKIN 4DELTA2; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VIRULENCE FACTOR;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ALTERNATIVE RNA SPLICING; ANTIGEN RECOGNITION; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; DISEASE MARKER; ETHIOPIA; EXPOSURE; GENE EXPRESSION; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HOUSEHOLD; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; IMMUNE RESPONSE; INTERFERON PRODUCTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; TH1 CELL; TUBERCULOSIS;

EID: 33646379337     PISSN: 00199567     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/IAI.74.5.2817-2822.2006     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Cahn, P., H. Perez, G. Ben, and C. Ochoa. 2003. Tuberculosis and HIV: a partnership against the most vulnerable. J. Int. Assoc. Physicians AIDS Care (Chicago) 2:106-123.
2. Cooper, A. M., D. K. Dalton, T. A. Stewart, J. P. Griffin, D. G. Russell, and I. M. Orme. 1993, Disseminated tuberculosis in interferon gamma gene-disrupted mice, J. Exp, Med. 178:2243-2247.
3. de Jong, R., F. Altare, I. A. Haagen, D. G. Eiferink, T. Boer, P. J. van Breda Vriesman, P. J. Kabel, J. M. Draaisma, J. T. van Dissel, F. P. Kroon, J. L. Casanova, and T. H. Ottenhoff. 1998. Severe mycobacterial and Salmonella infections in interleukin-12 receptor-deficient patients. Science 280:1435-1438.
4. Demissie, A., M. Abebe, A. Aseffa, G. Rook, H. Fletcher, A. Zumla, K. Weldingh, I. Brock, P. Andersen, and T. M. Doherty. 2004. Healthy individuals that control a latent infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis express high levels of Th1 cytokines and the IL-4 antagonist IL-4delta2. J. Immunol. 172:6938-6943.
5. Dheda, K., J. S. Chang, R. A. Breen, L. U. Kim, J. A. Haddock, J. F. Huggett, M. A. Johnson, G. A. Rook, and A. Zumla. 2005. In vivo and in vitro studies of a novel cytokine, interleukin-4delta2, in pulmonary tuberculosis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 172:501-508.
6. Doherty, T. M., and P. Andersen. 2002. Tuberculosis vaccine development. Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med. 8:183-187.
7. Doherty, T. M., A. Demissie, J. Olobo, D. Wolday, S. Britton, T. Eguale, P. Ravn, and P. Andersen. 2002. Immune responses to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antigen ESAT-6 signal subclinical infection among contacts of tuberculosis patients. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40:704-706.
8. Fletcher, H. A., P. Owiafe, D. Jeffries, P. Hill, G. A. Rook, A. Zumla, T. M. Doherty, and R. H. Brookes. 2004. Increased expression of mRNA encoding interleukin (IL)-4 and its splice variant IL-4delta2 in cells from contacts of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in the absence of in vitro stimulation. Immunology 112:669-673.
9. Harboe, M., T. Oettinger, H. G. Wiker, I. Rosenkrands, and P. Andersen. 1996. Evidence for occurrence of the ESAT-6 protein in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and virulent Mycobacterium bovis and for its absence in Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Infect. Immun. 64:16-22.
10. Hill, P. C., A. Fox, D. J. Jeffries, D. Jackson-Sillah, M. D. Lugos, P. K. Owiafe, S. A. Donkor, A. S. Hammond, T. Corrah, R. A. Adegbola, K. P. McAdam, and R. H. Brookes. 2005. Quantitative T cell assay reflects infectious load of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an endemic case contact model. Clin. Infect. Dis. 40:273-278.
11. Iademarco, M. F., and K. G. Castro. 2003. Epidemiology of tuberculosis. Semin. Respir. Infect. 18:225-240.
12. Jalapathy, K. V., C. Prabha, and S. D. Das. 2004. Correlates of protective immune response in tuberculous pleuritis. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 40:139-145.
13. Jimenez-Martinez, M. C., M. Linares, R. Baez, L. F. Montano, S. Martinez-Cairo, P. Gorocica, R. Chavez, E. Zenteno, and R. Lascurain. 2004. Intracellular expression of interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma by a Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen-stimulated CD4+ CD57+ T-cell subpopulation with memory phenotype in tuberculosis patients. Immunology 111:100-106.
14. Jouanguy, E., F. Altare, S. Lamhamedi, P. Revy, J. F. Emile, M. Newport, M. Levin, S. Blanche, E. Seboun, A. Fischer, and J. L. Casanova. 1996. Interferon-gamma-reeeptor deficiency in an infant with fatal bacille Calmette-Guerin infection. N. Engl. J. Med. 335:1956-1961.
15. Lalvani, A., P. Nagvenkar, Z. Udwadia, A. A. Pathan, K. A. Wilkinson, J. S. Shastri, K. Ewer, A. V. Hill, A. Mehta, and C. Rodrigues. 2001. Enumeration of T cells specific for RD1-encoded antigens suggests a high prevalence of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in healthy urban Indians. J. Infect. Dis. 183:469-477.
16. Lalvani, A., A. A. Pathan, H. Durkan, K. A. Wilkinson, A. Whelan, J. J. Decks, W. H. Reece, M. Latif, G. Pasvol, and A. V. Hill. 2001. Enhanced contact tracing and spatial tracking of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by enumeration of antigen-specific T cells. Lancet 357:2017-2021.
17. Langermans, J. A., T. M. Doherty, R. A. Vervenne, T. van der Laan, K. Lyashchenko, R. Greenwald, E. M. Agger, C. Aagaard, H. Weiler, D. van Soolingen, W. Dalemans, A. W. Thomas, and P. Andersen. 2005. Protection of macaques against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by a subunit vaccine based on a fusion protein of antigen 85B and ESAT-6. Vaccine 23:2740-2750.
18. Lienhardt, C., A. Azzurri, A. Amedei, K. Fielding, J. Sillah, O. Y. Sow, B. Bah, M. Benagiano, A. Djallo, R. Manetti, K. Manneh, P. Gustafson, S. Bennett, M. M. D'Elios, K. McAdam, and G. Del Prete. 2002. Active tuberculosis in Africa is associated with reduced Th1 and increased Th2 activity in vivo. Eur. J. Immunol. 32:1605-1613.
19. Lilleback, T., A. Dirksen, I. Baess, B. Strange, V. O. Thomsen, and A. B. Andersen. 2002. Molecular evidence of endogenous reactivation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis after 33 years of latent infection. J. Infect. Dis. 185:401-404.
20. Manca, C., M. B. Reed, S. Freeman, B. Mathema, B. Kreiswirth, C. E. Barry III, and G. Kaplan. 2004. Differential monocyte activation underlies strain-specific Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis. Infect. Immun. 72:5511-5514.
21. Means, T. K., S. Wang, E. Lien, A. Yoshimura, D. T. Golenbock, and M. J. Fenton. 1999. Human Toll-like receptors mediate cellular activation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Immunol. 163:3920-3927.
22. Munk, M. E., S. M. Arend, I. Brock, T. H. Ottenhoff, and P. Andersen. 2001. Use of ESAT-6 and CFP-10 antigens for diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. J. Infect. Dis. 183:175-176.
23. Ordway, D. J., L. Costa, M. Martins, H. Silveira, L. Amaral, M. J. Arroz, F. A. Ventura, and H. M. Dockrell. 2004. Increased interleukin-4 production by CD8 and gammadelta T cells in health-care workers is associated with the subsequent development of active tuberculosis. J. Infect. Dis. 190:756-766.
24. O'Regan, A., and M. Joyce-Brady. 2001, Latent tuberculosis may persist for over 40 years. BMJ 323:635,
25. Orsini, B., B. Ottanelli, A. Amedei, E. Surrenti, M. Capanni, G. Del Prete, A. Amorosi, S. Milani, M. M. D'Elios, and C. Surrenti. 2003. Helicobacter pylori cag pathogenicity island is associated with reduced expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) mRNA and modulation of the IL-4δ2 mRNA isoform in human gastric mucosa. Infect. Immun. 71:6664-6667.
26. Pai, R. K., M. Convery, T. A. Hamilton, W. H. Boom, and C. V. Harding. 2003. Inhibition of IFN-gamma-induced class II transactivator expression by a 19-kDa lipoprotein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a potential mechanism for immune evasion. J. Immunol. 171:175-184.
27. Ravn, P., A. Demissie, T. Eguale, H. Wondwosson, D. Lein, H. A. Amoudy, A. S. Mustafa, A. K. Jensen, A. Holm, I. Rosenkrands, F. Oftung, J. Olobo, F. von Reyn, and P. Andersen. 1999. Human T cell responses to the ESAT-6 antigen from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Infect. Dis. 179:637-645.
28. Reed, M. B., P. Domenech, C. Manca, H. Su, A. K. Barczak, B. N. Kreiswirth, G. Kaplan, and C. E. Barry III. 2004. A glycolipid of hypervirulent tuberculosis strains that inhibits the innate immune response. Nature 431:84-87.
29. Sakkas, L. I., C. Tourtellotte, S. Berney, A. R. Myers, and C. D. Platsoucas. 1999. Increased levels of alternatively spliced interleukin 4 (IL-4δ2) transcripts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with systemic sclerosis. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 6:660-664.
30. Seah, G. T., P. S. Gao, J. M. Hopkin, and G. A. Rook. 2001. Interleukin-4 and its alternatively spliced variant (IL-4delta2) in patients with atopic asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 164:1016-1018.
31. Seah, G. T., and G. A. Rook. 2001. High levels of mRNA encoding IL-4 in unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from tuberculosis patients revealed by quantitative nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction; correlations with serum IgE levels. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 33:106-109.
32. Seah, G. T., and G. A. Rook. 1999. A sensitive, non-radioactive quantitative method for measuring IL-4 and IL-4delta2 mRNA in unstimulated cells from multiple clinical samples, using nested RT-PCR. J. Immunol. Methods 228:139-149.
33. Seah, G. T., G. M. Scott, and G. A. Rook. 2000. Type 2 cytokine gene activation and its relationship to extent of disease in patients with tuberculosis. J. Infect. Dis. 181:385-389.
34. van Crevel, R., E. Karyadi, F. Prayers, M. Leenders, B. J. Kullberg, R. H. Nelwan, and J. W. van der Meer. 2000. Increased production of interleukin 4 by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from patients with tuberculosis is related to the presence of pulmonary cavities. J. Infect. Dis. 181:1194-1197.
35. van Pinxteren, L. A., P. Ravn, E. M. Agger, J. Pollock, and P. Andersen. 2000. Diagnosis of tuberculosis based on the two specific antigens ESAT-6 and CFP10. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 7:155-160.
36. Vekemans, J., C. Lienhardt, J. S. Sillah, J. G. Wheeler, G. P. Lahai, M. T. Doherty, T. Corrah, P. Andersen, K. P. McAdam, and A. Marchant. 2001. Tuberculosis contacts but not patients have higher gamma interferon responses to ESAT-6 than do community controls in The Gambia. Infect. Immun. 69:6554-6557.
37. Vordermeier, H. M., M. A. Chambers, P. J. Cockle, A. O. Whelan, J. Simmons, and R. G. Hewinson. 2002. Correlation of ESAT-6-specific gamma interferon production with pathology in cattle following Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination against experimental bovine tuberculosis. Infect. Immun. 70:3026-3032.
38. Wu-Hsieh, B. A., C. K. Chen, J. H. Chang, S. Y. Lai, C. H. Wu, W. C. Cheng, P. Andersen, and T. M. Doherty. 2001. Long-lived immune response to early secretory antigenic target 6 in individuals who had recovered from tuberculosis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 33:1336-1340.