Last glacial maximum and Holocene climate in CCSM3

Journal of Climate

Volumn 19, Issue 11, 2006, Pages 2526-2544

  Otto Bliesner, Bette L ^a   Brady, Esther C ^a   Clauzet, Gabriel ^b   Tomas, Robert ^a   Levis, Samuel ^a   Kothavala, Zav ^a  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE; COMPUTER SIMULATION; GEOCHRONOLOGY; GLACIERS; GREENHOUSE EFFECT; SEA ICE; SEA LEVEL; THERMAL STRATIFICATION;

CIMATE SENSITIVITY; CLIMATE FORCINGS; COMMUNITY CLIMATE SYSTEM MODEL VERSION 3 (CCSM3); HOLOCENE CLIMATE; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM (LGM);

CLIMATOLOGY;

CLIMATE FORCING; GREENHOUSE GAS; HOLOCENE; ICE SHEET; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; SEA ICE; SEA LEVEL CHANGE; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE;

ARCTIC OCEAN;

EID: 33646369787     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI3748.1     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. 18O of the glacial deep ocean. Science, 298, 1769-1773.
2. An, S.-I., A. Timmermann, L. Bejarano, F.-F. Jin, F. Justino, Z. Liu, and A. W. Tudhope, 2004: Modeling evidence for enhanced El Niño-Southern Oscillation amplitude during the Last Glacial Maximum. Paleoceanography, 19, 4009, doi:10.1029/2004PA001020.
3. Barker, S., I. Cacho, H. Benway, and K. Tachikawa, 2005: Planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca as a proxy for past oceanic temperatures: A methodological overview and data compilation for the Last Glacial Maximum. Quat. Sci. Rev., 24, 821-834.
4. Berger, A. L., 1978: Long-term variations of caloric insolation resulting from the earth's orbital elements. Quat. Res., 9, 139-167.
5. Bigelow, N. H., and Coauthors, 2003: Climate change and Arctic ecosystems: 1. Vegetation changes north of 55°N between the last glacial maximum, mid-Holocene, and present. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8170, doi:10.1029/2002JD002558.
6. Boyle, E. A., and L. Keigwin, 1982: Deep circulation of the North Atlantic over the last 200,000 years: Geochemical evidence. Science, 218, 784-787.
7. Briegleb, B. P., C. M. Bitz, E. C. Hunke, W. H. Lipscomb, M. M. Holland, J. L. Schramm, and R. E. Moritz, 2004: Scientific description of the sea ice component in the Community Climate System Model, Version 3. NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-463+STR, 70 pp.
8. Bromwich, D. H., E. R. Toracinta, H. Wei, R. J. Oglesby, J. L. Fastook, and T. H. Hughes, 2004: Polar MM5 simulations of the winter climate of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. J. Climate, 17, 3415-3433.
9. Bryan, F. O., G. Danabasoglu, N. Nakashiki, Y. Yoshida, D.-H. Kim, J. Tsutsui, and S. C. Doney, 2006: Response of North Atlantic thermohaline circulation and ventilation to increasing carbon dioxide in CCSM3. J. Climate, 19, 2382-2397.
10. Bush, A. B. G., and S. G. H. Philander, 1999: The climate of the Last Glacial Maximum: Results from a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 24 509-24 525.
11. CLIMAP Project Members, 1981: Seasonal reconstructions of the earth's surface at the Last Glacial Maximum. Tech. Rep. MC-36, Geological Society of America, 18 pp.
12. Collins, W. D., and Coauthors, 2006a: The formulation and atmospheric simulation of the Community Atmosphere Model version 3 (CAM3). J. Climate, 19, 2144-2161.
13. Collins, W. D., and Coauthors, 2006b: The Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3). J. Climate, 19, 2122-2143.
14. Curry, W. B., and Lohman, 1982: Carbon isotope changes in benthic foraminifera from the western South Atlantic reconstruction of glacial abyssal circulation patterns. Quat. Res., 18, 218-235.
15. Dahl-Jensen, D., K. Mosegaard, N. Gundestrup, G. D. Clow, S. Johnsen, A. W. Hansen, and N. Balling, 1998: Past temperature directly from the Greenland Ice Sheet. Science, 282, 268-271.
16. 4 gradient between Greenland and Antarctica during the Last Glacial and the transition to the Holocene. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 1005-1008.
17. Deser, C., A. Capotondi, R. Saravanan, and A. Phillips, 2006: Tropical Pacific and Atlantic climate variability in CCSM3. J. Climate, 19, 2451-2481.
18. de Vernal, A., and Coauthors, 2005: Reconstruction of sea-surface conditions at middle to high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) based on dinoflagellate cyst assemblages. Quat. Sci. Rev., 24, 897-924.
19. Dickinson, R. E., K. W. Oleson, G. B. Bonan, F. Hoffman, P. Thorton, M. Vertenstein, Z.-L. Yang, and X. Zeng, 2006: The Community Land Model and its climate statistics as a component of the Community Climate System Model. J. Climate, 19, 2302-2324.
20. Duplessy, J. C., J. Moyes, and C. Pujol, 1980: Deep water formation in the North Atlantic ocean during the last ice age. Nature, 286, 476-482.
21. 2O concentration during abrupt climatic changes. Science, 285, 227-230.
22. Gent, P. R., W. G. Large, and F. O. Bryan, 2001: What sets the mean transport through the Drake Passage? J. Geophys. Res., 106, 2693-2712.
23. Gent, P. R., F. O. Bryan, G. Danabasoglu, K. Lindsay, D. Tsumune, M. W. Hecht, and S. C. Doney, 2006: Ocean chlorofluorocarbon and heat uptake during the twentieth century in the CCSM3. J. Climate, 19, 2366-2381.
24. Gersonde, R., X. Crosta, A. Abelmann, and L. Armand, 2005: Sea-surface temperature and sea ice distribution of the Southern Ocean at the EPILOG Last Glacial Maximum - A circum-Antarctic view based on siliceous microfossil records. Quat. Sci. Rev., 24, 869-896.
25. Gong, D.-Y., and S.-W. Wang, 1998: Antarctic oscillation: Concept and applications. Chinese Sci. Bull., 43, 734-738.
26. Hewitt, C. D., and J. F. B. Mitchell, 1997: Radiative forcing and response of a GCM to ice age boundary conditions: Cloud feedback and climate sensitivity. Climate Dyn., 13, 821-834.
27. Hewitt, C. D., R. J. Stouffer, A. J. Broccoli, J. F. B. Mitchell, and P. J. Valdes, 2003: The effect of ocean dynamics in a coupled GCM simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum. Climate Dyn., 20, 203-218.
28. Hoerling, M. P., J. W. Hurrell, and A. Phillips, 2006: Detection and attribution of twentieth-century northern and southern African rainfall change. J. Climate, in press.
29. Jolly, D., and Coauthors, 1998: Biome reconstruction from pollen and plant macrofossil data for Africa and the Arabian Peninsula at 0 and 6000 years. J. Biogeogr., 25, 1007-1027.
30. Joussaume, S., and Coauthors, 1999: Monsoon changes for 6000 years ago: Results of 18 simulations from the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP). Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 859-862.
31. Kiehl, J. T., C. A. Shields, J. J. Hack, and W. D. Collins, 2006: The climate sensitivity of the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3). J. Climate, 19, 2584-2596.
32. Kitoh, A., and S. Murakami, 2002: Tropical Pacific climate at the mid-Holocene and the Last Glacial Maximum simulated by a coupled ocean-atmosphere general model. Paleoceanography, 17, 1047, doi:10.1029/ 2001PA000724.
33. Kutzbach, J. E., and P. J. Guetter, 1986: The influence of changing orbital parameters and surface boundary conditions on climate simulations for the past 18 000 years. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 1726-1759.
34. Levis, S., G. B. Bonan, and C. Bonfils, 2005: Soil feedback drives the mid-Holocene North African monsoon northward in fully coupled CCSM2 simulations with a dynamic vegetation model. Climate Dyn., 23, 791-802.
35. Levitus, S., 1982: Climatological Atlas of the World Ocean. NOAA Prof. Paper, 13, 173 pp. and 17 microfiche.
36. Lynch-Stieglitz, J., W. B. Curry, and N. Slowey, 1999: Weaker Gulf Stream in the Florida Straits during the Last Glacial Maximum. Nature, 402, 644-648.
37. Mahowald, N., K. Kohfeld, M. Hannson, Y. Balkanski, S. P. Harrison, I. C. Prentice, M. Schulz, and H. Rohde, 1999: Dust sources and deposition during the Last Glacial Maximum and current climate: A comparison of model results with paleodata from ice cores and marine sediments. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 15 859-15 916.
38. Marchitto, T. N. J., D. W. Oppo, and W. B. Curry, 2002: Paired benthic foraminiferal Cd/Ca and Zn/Ca evidence for a greatly increased presence of Southern Ocean Water in the glacial North Atlantic. Paleoceanography, 17, 1038, doi:10.1029/2000PA000598.
39. McManus, J. F., R. Francois, J.-M. Gherardi, L. Keigwin, and S. Brown-Leger, 2004: Collapse and rapid resumption of Atlantic meridional circulation linked to deglacial climate changes. Nature, 428, 834-837.
40. Mix, A. C., A. E. Morey, N. G. Pisias, and S. W. Hostetler, 1999: Foraminiferal faunal estimates of paleotemperature: Circumventing the no-analog problem yields cool ice age tropics. Paleoceanography, 14, 350-359.
41. 2 concentrations over the last glacial termination. Science, 291, 112-114.
42. Otto-Bliesner, B. L., and E. C. Brady, 2001: Tropical Pacific variability in the NCAR Community Climate System Model. J. Climate, 14, 3587-3607.
43. Otto-Bliesner, B. L., E. C. Brady, S. Shin, Z. Liu, and C. Shields, 2003: Modeling El Niño and its teleconnections during the last glacial-interglacial cycle. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 2198, doi:10.1029/ 2003GL018553.
44. Otto-Bliesner, B. L., R. Tomas, E. C. Brady, C. Ammann, Z. Kothavala, and G. Clauzet, 2006: Climate sensitivity of moderate- and low-resolution versions of CCSM3 to preindustrial forcings. J. Climate, 19, 2567-2583.
45. Peltier, W. R., 1994: Ice age paleotopography. Science, 265, 195-201.
46. Peltier, W. R., 2004: Global glacial isostasy and the surface of the ice-age Earth: The ICE-5G (VM2) model and GRACE. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 32, 111-149.
47. Peltier, W. R., and L. P. Solheim, 2002: Dynamics of the ice age earth: Solid mechanics and fluid mechanics. J. Phys. IV, 12, 85-104.
48. Peltier, W. R., and L. P. Solheim, 2004: The climate of the Earth at Last Glacial Maximum: Statistical equilibrium state and a mode of internal variability. Quat. Sci. Rev., 23, 335-357.
49. Pflaumann, U., and Coauthors, 2003: Glacial North Atlantic: Sea-surface conditions reconstructed by GLAMAP 2000. Paleoceanography, 18, 1065, doi:10.1029/2002PA000774.
50. Prentice, I. C., D. Jolly, and Biome 6000 Participants, 2000: Mid-Holocene and glacial-maximum vegetation geography of the northern continents and Africa. J. Biogeogr., 27, 507-519.
51. Ramaswamy, V., and Coauthors, 2001: Radiative forcing of climate change. Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis, J. T. Houghton et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press, 349-416.
52. Rind, D., J. Perlwitz, P. Lonergan, and J. Lerner, 2005: AO/NAO response to climate change: 2. Relative importance of low-and high-latitude temperature changes. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D12108, doi:10.1029/ 2004JD005686.
53. Rodbell, D. T., G. O. Seltzer, D. M. Anderson, M. B. Abbott, D. B. Enfield, and J. H. Newman, 1999: An -15,000-year record of El Niño-driven alluviation in southwestern Ecuador. Science, 283, 516-520.
54. Rosenthal, Y., and A. J. Broccoli, 2004: In search of paleo-ENSO. Science, 304, 219-221.
55. Rutberg, R. L., S. R. Hemming, and S. L. Goldstein, 2000: Reduced North Atlantic deep water flux to the glacial Southern Ocean inferred from neodymium isotope ratios. Nature, 405, 935-938.
56. Sarnthein, M., U. Pflaumann, and M. Weinelt, 2003: Past extent of sea ice in the northern North Atlantic inferred from foraminiferal paleotemperature estimates. Paleoceanography, 18, 1047, doi:10.1029/ 2002PA000771.
57. Shin, S. I., Z. Liu, B. L. Otto-Bliesner, E. C. Brady, J. E. Kutzbach, and S. P. Harrison, 2003a: A simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum Climate using the NCAR CSM. Climate Dyn., 20, 127-151.
58. Shin, S. I., Z. Liu, B. L. Otto-Bliesner, J. E. Kutzbach, and S. J. Vavrus, 2003b: Southern ocean sea-ice control of the glacial North Atlantic thermohaline circulation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1096, doi:10.1029/2002GL015513.
59. Slowey, N., and W. B. Curry, 1992: Enhanced ventilation of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre thermocline during the last glaciation. Nature, 358, 665-668.
60. Stenni, B., V. Masson-Delmotte, S. Johnsen, J. Jouzel, A. Longinelli, E. Monnin, R. Rothlisberger, and E. Selmo, 2001: An oceanic cold reversal during the last deglaciation. Science, 293, 2074-2077.
61. Timmerman, A., F. Justino, H. Goosse, and F.-F. Jin, 2004: Surface temperature control in the North and tropical Pacific during the last glacial period. Climate Dyn., 23, 353-370.
62. Tudhope, A. W., and Coauthors, 2001: Variability in the El Niño-Southern Oscillation through a glacial-interglacial cycle. Science, 291, 1511-1517.
63. Wunsch, C., 2003: Determining paleoceanographic circulations, with emphasis on the Last Glacial Maximu. Quat. Sci. Rev., 22, 371-385.
64. Yan, Z., and N. Petit-Maire, 1994: The last 140 ka in the Afro-Asian arid/semi-arid transitional zone. Palaeogeogr., Palaeo-climatol. Palaeoecol., 110, 217-233.
65. Yu, E.-F., R. Francois, and P. Bacon, 1996: Similar rates of modern and last-glacial ocean thermohaline circulation inferred from radiochemical data. Nature, 379, 689-694.