Exposure of rat brain to 915 MHz GSM microwaves induces changes in gene expression but not double stranded DNA breaks or effects on chromatin conformation

Bioelectromagnetics

Volumn 27, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 295-306

  Belyaev, Igor Y ^a   Koch, Catrin Bauréus ^b   Terenius, Olle ^a   Roxström Lindquist, Katarina ^a   Malmgren, Lars O G ^b   Sommer, Wolfgang H ^c   Salford, Leif G ^b   Persson, Bertil R R ^b  

^a STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b LUND UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^c KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Blood brain barrier; Gene microarrays; Melatonin; Mobile phones; Neurotransmitter regulation

Indexed keywords

BLOOD; BRAIN; CELL CULTURE; DNA; ELECTROPHORESIS; GENE EXPRESSION; GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS; HORMONES; MICROARRAYS; RATS;

BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER; DNA BREAKS; DNA DOUBLE STRAND BREAKS; DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA BREAKS; GENE MICROARRAYS; GENES EXPRESSION; MELATONIN; NEUROTRANSMITTER REGULATION; PULSED FIELD GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; RATS BRAIN;

CELLULAR TELEPHONES;

DOUBLE STRANDED DNA; MELATONIN; NEUROTRANSMITTER; RNA;

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER; BRAIN CELL; BRAIN RADIATION; CEREBELLUM; CHROMATIN STRUCTURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DNA STRAND BREAKAGE; GENE CONTROL; GENE EXPRESSION; GENOTOXICITY; HORMONE SYNTHESIS; MALE; MICROWAVE RADIATION; MOBILE PHONE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PULSED FIELD GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; RADIATION EXPOSURE; RAT; RNA EXTRACTION; SPLEEN; THYMUS; UPREGULATION;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 33646241995     PISSN: 01978462     EISSN: 1521186X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/bem.20216     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Adey WR. 1999. Cell and molecular biology associated with radiation fields of mobile telephones. In: Ueno S, editor. Review of radio science, 1996-1999. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp 845-872.
2. Aitken RJ, Bennetts LE, Sawyer D, Wiklendt AM, King BV. 2005. Impact of radio frequency electromagnetic radiation on DNA integrity in the male germline. Int J Androl 28(3):171-179.
3. Aksen F, Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Askin M, Dasdag MM. 2004. The effects of whole body cell phone exposure on the T1 relaxation times and trace elements in the serum of rats. Electromagnetic Biol Med 23(1):7-17.
4. Ayata A, Mollaoglu H, Yilmaz HR, Akturk O, Ozguner F, Altuntas I. 2004. Oxidative stress-mediated skin damage in an experimental mobile phone model can be prevented by melatonin. J Dermatol 31(11):878-883.
5. Balmori B. 2005. Possible effects of electromagnetic fields from phone masts on a population of white stork (Ciconia ciconia). Electromagnetic Biol Med 24(2):109-119.
6. Banik S, Bandyopadhyay S, Ganguly S. 2003. Bioeffects of microwave - A brief review. Bioresour Technol 87(2):155-159.
7. Belyaev I. 2005. Non-thermal biological effects of microwaves. Microwave Review 11(2):13-29, available on http://www.mwr.medianis.net/pdf/Vol11No2-03- IBelyaev.pdf.
8. Belyaev IY, Harms-Ringdahl M. 1996. Effects of gamma-rays in the 0.5-50-cGy range on the conformation of chromatin in mammalian cells. Radiat Res 145(6):687-693.
9. Belyaev IY, Alipov YD, Shcheglov VS, Lystsov VN. 1992. Resonance effect of microwaves on the genome conformational state of E. coli cells. Z Naturforsch [C] 47(7-8):621-627.
10. Belyaev IY, Eriksson S, Nygren J, Torudd J, Harms-Ringdahl M. 1999. Effects of ethidium bromide on DNA loop organisation in human lymphocytes measured by anomalous viscosity time dependence and single cell gel electrophoresis. Biochim Biophys Acta 1428(2-3):348-356.
11. Belyaev IY, Czene S, Harms-Ringdahl M. 2001. Changes in chromatin conformation during radiation-induced apoptosis in human lymphocytes. Radiat Res 156(4):355-364.
12. Belyaev IY, Hillert L, Protopopova M, Tamm C, Malmgren LO, Persson BRR, Selivanova G, Harms-Ringdahl M. 2005. 915 MHz microwaves and 50 Hz magnetic field affect chromatin conformation and 53BP1 foci in human lymphocytes from hypersensitive and healthy persons. Bioelectromagnetics 26(3):173-184.
13. Binhi VN. 2002. Magnetobiology: Underlying physical problems. San Diego: Academic Press.
14. Blackman CF, Kinney LS, House DE, Joines WT. 1989. Multiple power-density windows and their possible origin. Bioelectromagnetics 10(2):115-128.
15. Burch JB, Reif JS, Noonan CW, Ichinose T, Bachand AM, Koleber TL, Yost MG. 2002. Melatonin metabolite excretion among cellular telephone users. Int J Radiat Biol 78(11):1029-1036.
16. Chiabrera A, Bianco B, Moggia E, Kaufman JJ. 2000. Zeeman-Stark modeling of the RF EMF interaction with ligand binding. Bioelectromagnetics 21(4):312-324.
17. Crumpton MJ, Collins AR. 2004. Are environmental electromagnetic fields genotoxic? DNA Repair (Amst) 3(10):1385-1387.
18. Dabrowski MP, Stankiewicz W, Kubacki R, Sobiczewska E, Szmigielski S. 2003. Immunotropic effects in cultured human blood mononuclear cells pre-exposed to low-level 1300 MHz pulse-modulated microwave field. Electromagnetic Biol Med 22(1):1-13.
19. de Pomerai DI, Smith B, Dawe A, North K, Smith T, Archer DB, Duce IR, Jones D, Candido EP. 2003. Microwave radiation can alter protein conformation without bulk heating. FEBS Lett 543(1-3):93-97.
20. Diem E, Schwarz C, Adlkofer F, Jahn O, Rudiger H. 2005. Non-thermal DNA breakage by mobile-phone radiation (1800 MHz) in human fibroblasts and in transformed GFSH-R17 rat granulosa cells in vitro. Mutat Res 583(2):178-183.
21. Dill K, Shafer RH. 1976. Radial migration of DNA molecules in cylindrical flow. III. Circles and the effect of non-gaussian polymer statistics. Biophys Chem 4(1):51-54.
22. Gadhia PK, Shah T, Mistry A, Pithawala M, Tamakuwala D. 2003. A preliminary study to assess possible chromosomal damage among users of digital mobile phones. Electromagnetic Biol Med 22(2&3):149-159.
23. Goswami PC, Albee LD, Parsian AJ, Baty JD, Moros EG, Pickard WF, Roti Roti JL, Hunt CR. 1999. Proto-oncogene mRNA levels and activities of multiple transcription factors in C3H 10T 1/2 murine embryonic fibroblasts exposed to 835.62 and 847.74 MHz cellular phone communication frequency radiation. Radiat Res 151(3):300-309.
24. Grigoriev YG, Stepanov VS, Nikitina VN, Rubtcova NB, Shafirkin AV, Vasin AL. 2003. ISTC Report. Biological effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields and the radiation guidelines. Results of experiments performed in Russia/Soviet Union. Moscow: Institute of Biophysics, Ministry of Health, Russian Federation.
25. Hallberg O, Johansson O. 2004. Mobile Handset Output Power and Health. Electromagnetic Biol Med 23(3):229-239.
26. Hardell L, Mild KH, Carlberg M. 2003. Further aspects on cellular and cordless telephones and brain tumours. Int J Oncol 22(2):399-407.
27. Hardell L, Eriksson M, Carlberg M, Sundström C, Hansson Mild K. 2005. Use of cellular or cordless telephones and the risk for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 78(8):625-632.
28. Hossmann KA, Hermann DM. 2003. Effects of electromagnetic radiation of mobile phones on the central nervous system. Bioelectromagnetics 24(1):49-62.
29. Ilhan A, Gurel A, Armutcu F, Kamisli S, Iraz M, Akyol O, Ozen S. 2004. Ginkgo biloba prevents mobile phone-induced oxidative stress in rat brain. Clin Chim Acta 340(1-2):153-162.
30. Kang YS, Ohtsuki S, Takanaga H, Tomi M, Hosoya K, Terasaki T. 2002. Regulation of taurine transport at the blood-brain barrier by tumor necrosis factor-alpha, taurine and hypertonicity. J Neurochem 83(5):1188-1195.
31. Kriuchkov VS, Popunin VA, Alipov EA, Beliaev I. 1995. Physical model of the anomalous time dependence effect of viscosity in high molecular weight DNA-protein complex solutions (in Russian). Biofizika 40(6):1202-1207.
32. Kundi M, Mild K, Hardell L, Mattsson MO. 2004. Mobile telephones and cancer - a review of epidemiological evidence. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 7(5):351-384.
33. Kwee S, Raskmark P, Velizarov S. 2001. Changes in cellular proteins due to environmental non-ionizing radiation. I. Heat-shock proteins. Electromagnetic Biol Med 20(2):141-152.
34. Lai H. 2005. Biological effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field. In: Wnek CE, Bowlin GL, editor. Encyclopedia of biomaterials and biomedical engineering. New York, NY: Marcel Decker p 1-8.
35. Lai H, Singh NP. 1996. Single- and double-strand DNA breaks in rat brain cells after acute exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 69(4):513-521.
36. Lai H, Singh NP. 1997. Melatonin and a spin-trap compound block radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation-induced DNA strand breaks in rat brain cells. Bioelectromagnetics 18(6):446-454.
37. Lin H, Blank M, Jin M, Goodman R. 1996. Electromagnetic field stimulation of biosynthesis: Changes in c-myc transcript levels during continuous and intermittent exposures. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 39(2):215-220.
38. Lonn S, Ahlbom A, Hall P, Feychting M. 2004. Mobile phone use and the risk of acoustic neuroma. Epidemiology 15(6):653-659.
39. Malmgren L. 1998. Radio frequency systems for NMR- imaging-coil development and studies of non-thermal biological effects [Doctoral Thesis]. Lund, Sweden: Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
40. Markova E, Hillert L, Malmgren L, Persson BR, Belyaev IY. 2005. Microwaves from GSM mobile telephones affect 53BP1 and gamma-H2AX foci in human lymphocytes from hypersensitive and healthy persons. Environ Health Perspect 113(9):1172-1177.
41. Martens L, Van Hese J, De Zutter D, De Wagter C, Malmgren L, Persson BRR, Salford LG. 1993. Electromagnetic field calculations used for exposure experiments on small animals in TEM-cells. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 30:73-81.
42. Mileva K, Georgieva B, Radicheva N. 2003. About the biological effects of high and extremely high frequency electromagnetic fields. Acta Physiol Pharmacol Bulg 27(2-3):89-100.
43. Mori M, Hosokawa M, Ogasawara Y, Tsukada E, Chiba K. 1999. cDNA cloning, characterization and stable expression of novel human brain carboxylesterase. FEBS Lett 458(1):17-22.
44. Navarro EA, Segura J, Portoles M, de Mateo CG-P. 2003. The microwave syndrome: A preliminary study in Spain. Electromagnetic Biol Med 22(2&3):161-169.
45. Oktem F, Ozguner F, Mollaoglu H, Koyu A, Uz E. 2005. Oxidative damage in the kidney induced by 900-MHz-emitted mobile phone: Protection by melatonin. Arch Med Res 36(4):350-355.
46. Pacini S, Ruggiero M, Sardi I, Aterini S, Gulisano F, Gulisano M. 2002. Exposure to global system for mobile communication (GSM) cellular phone radiofrequency alters gene expression, proliferation, and morphology of human skin fibroblasts. Oncol Res 13(1):19-24.
47. Pakhomov AG, Murphy MB. 2000. Comprehensive review of the research on biological effects of pulsed radiofrequency radiation in Russia and the former Soviet Union. In: Lin JC, editor. Advances in electromagnetic fields in living system. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, pp 265-290.
48. Panagopoulos DJ, Karabarbounis A, Margaritis LH. 2004. Effect of GSM 900-MHz Mobile Phone Radiation on the Reproductive Capacity of Drosophila melanogaster. Electromagnetic Biol Med 23(1):29-43.
49. Paulraj R, Behari J. 2002. The effect of low level continuous 2.45 GHz waves on enzymes of developing rat brain. Electromagnetic Biol Med 21(3):221-231.
50. Persson BRR, Salford LG, Brun A. 1997. Blood-brain barrier permeability in rats exposed to electromagnetic fields used in wireless communication. Wireless Networks 3:455-461.
51. Rimondini R, Arlinde C, Sommer W, Heilig M. 2002. Long-lasting increase in voluntary ethanol consumption and transcriptional regulation in the rat brain after intermittent exposure to alcohol. FASEB J 16(1):27-35.
52. Ritz T, Thalau P, Phillips JB, Wiltschko R, Wiltschko W. 2004. Resonance effects indicate a radical-pair mechanism for avian magnetic compass. Nature 429(6988):177-180.
53. Rosemann M, Kanon B, Konings AW, Kampinga HH. 1993. An image analysis technique for detection of radiation-induced DNA fragmentation after CHEF electrophoresis. Int J Radiat Biol 64(2):245-249.
54. Salford LG, Brun AE, Eberhardt JL, Malmgren L, Persson BRR. 2003. Nerve cell damage in mammalian brain after exposure to microwaves from GSM mobile phones. Environ Health Perspect. 111(7):881-883.
55. Santini R, Santini P, Le Ruz P, Danze JM, Seigne M. 2003. Survey study of people living in the vicinity of cellular phone base stations. Electromagnetic Biol Med 22(1):41-49.
56. Sarimov R, Malmgren LOG, Markova E, Persson BRR, Belyaev IY. 2004. Non-thermal GSM microwaves affect chromatin conformation in human lymphocytes similar to heat shock. IEEE Trans Plasma Sci 32(4):1600-1608.
57. Seaman RL, Phelix CF. 2005. Acute effects of pulsed microwaves and 3-nitropropionic acid on neuronal ultrastructure in the rat caudate-putamen. Bioelectromagnetics 26(2):82-101.
58. Singh NP. 1998. A rapid method for the preparation of single-cell suspensions from solid tissues. Cytometry 31(3):229-232.
59. Singh NP, Stephens RE, Schneider EL. 1994. Modifications of alkaline microgel electrophoresis for sensitive detection of DNA damage. Int J Radiat Biol 66(1):23-28.
60. Sommer W, Arlinde C, Heilig M. 2005. The search for candidate genes of alcoholism: Evidence from expression profiling studies. Addict Biol 10(1):71-79.
61. Torudd J, Harms-Ringdahl M, Tapper L, Belyaev I. 2003. Radiation induced apoptosis in human lymphocytes as a possible tool for estimation of individual radiosensitivity for radiotherapy. Brisbane, Australia: ICMS Pty Ltd. 337p.
62. Torudd J, Protopopova M, Sarimov R, Nygren J, Eriksson S, Markova E, Chovanec M, Selivanova G, Belyaev IY. 2005. Dose-response for radiation-induced apoptosis, residual 53BP1 foci and DNA-loop relaxation in human lymphocytes. Int J Radiat Biol 81(2):125-138.
63. Van Hese J, Martens L, De Zutter D, De Wagter C, Malmgren L, Persson BRR, Salford LG. 1992. Simulation of the effect of inhomogenites in TEM transmission cells using the FDTD-method. IEEE Trans Electromagn Compat 34:292-298.
64. Weisbrot D, Lin H, Ye L, Blank M, Goodman R. 2003. Effects of mobile phone radiation on reproduction and development in Drosophila melanogaster. J Cell Biochem 89(1):48-55.