Taking a walk on the wild side with planar electrochromatography and thin-layer electrophoresis: Of peptides, proteins, and proteomics

Journal of Liquid Chromatography and Related Technologies

Volumn 29, Issue 7-8, 2006, Pages 1177-1218

  Patton, Wayne F ^a   Panchagnula, Venkateswarlu ^a   Rockney, Erin ^a   Krull, Ira S ^b  

^a PERKINELMER INC   (United States)

^b NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Capillary electrochromatography (CEC); Peptides; Planar electrochromatography (PEC); Proteins; Proteomics; Thin layer chromatography (TLC); Thin layer electrophoresis (TLE)

Indexed keywords

CHROMATOGRAPHY; NITROGEN COMPOUNDS; PROTEINS; THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY;

CAPILLARY ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; PEPTIDES; PLANAR ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY (PEC); PROTEOMICS; THIN LAYER ELECTROPHORESIS (TLE);

ELECTROPHORESIS;

PEPTIDE; PROTEIN;

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; CAPILLARY ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; ELECTROPHORESIS; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; HIGH PERFORMANCE THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY; INSTRUMENTATION; PEPTIDE ANALYSIS; PLANAR CHROMATOGRAPHY; PREDICTION; PROGNOSIS; PROTEIN ANALYSIS; PROTEOMICS; REVIEW; SAMPLING; SEMANTICS; THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY;

EID: 33645642862     PISSN: 10826076     EISSN: 1520572X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10826070600574978     Document Type: Review

References (149)

1. Patton, W.F.; Schulenberg, B.; Steinberg, T.H. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis; better than a poke in the ICAT? Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 2002, 13 (4), 321-8.
2. Monteoliva, L.; Albar, J.P. Differential proteomics: an overview of gel and non-gel based approaches. Brief Funct. Genom. Proteom. 2004, 3 (3), 220-39.
3. Righetti, P.G.; Campostrini, N.; Pascali, J.; Hamdan, M.; Astner, H. Quantitative proteomics: a review of different methodologies. Eur. J. Mass Spectrom. 2004, 10 (3), 335-48.
4. Resing, K.A.; Ahn, N.G. Proteomics strategies for protein identification. FEBS Lett. 2005, 579 (4), 885-9.
5. Aebersold, R.; Mann, M. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Nature 2003, 422 (6928), 198-207.
6. Berezkin, V.G. The discovery of thin-layer chromatography. J. Planar Chromatogr. 1995, 8, 401-401.
7. Poole, C.F. Planar chromatography at the turn of the century. J. Chromatogr. A 1999, 856 (1-2), 399-427.
8. Poole, C.F.; Dias, N.C. Practitioner's guide to method development in thin-layer chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 2000, 892 (1-2), 123-42.
9. Poole, C.F. Thin-layer chromatography: challenges and opportunities. J. Chromatogr. A 2003, 1000 (1-2), 963-84.
10. Hahn-Deinstrop, E. Applied Thin-Layer Chromatography; Best Practices and Avoidance of Mistakes; Wiley-VCH: NY, 2000.
11. Stahl, E.; Ed. Thin-Layer Chromatography, A Laboratory Handbook; Springer-Verlag: Berlin, Germany, 1965.
12. Getz, M.E. Paper and Thin-Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Environmental Toxicants; Heyden & Son Ltd.: London, 1980.
13. Touchstone, J.C.; Ed. Quantitative Thin Layer Chromatography; J. Wiley & Sons: NY, 1973.
14. Issaq, H.J.; Cazes, J.; Eds. Special Issue of J. Liquid Chromatogr. Forty Years of Chromatography; Marcel Dekker: NYC, 1987; 10/8-9.
15. Issaq, H.J.; Ed. A Century of Separation Science; Marcel Dekker: NYC, 2002.
16. Cazes, J.; Ed. Encyclopedia of Chromatography; Marcel Dekker: NYC, 2001.
17. Zlatkis, A.; Kaiser, R.E.; Eds. HPTLC, High Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography; Elsevier Publishing Co.: Amsterdam, 1977.
18. Fried, B.; Sherma, J. Thin-Layer Chromatography, Techniques and Applications; Marcel Dekker: NYC, 1982.
19. Hais, I.M.; Macek, K.; Eds. Paper Chromatography, A Comprehensive Treatise; Academic Press: London, 1963.
20. Heftsman, E.; Ed. Chromatography, Fifth Edition; Elsevier Science Publishing Co: Amsterdam and New York, 1992; Parts A and B.
21. Brown, P.R.; Hartwick, R.A.; Eds. High Performance Liquid Chromatography; Wiley-Interscience: New York, 1989.
22. Hancock, W.S.; Ed. High Performance Liquid Chromatography in Biotechnology; Wiley & Sons: NY, 1990.
23. Bidlingmeyer, B.A. Practical HPLC Methodology and Applications; Wiley & Sons: NY, 1992.
24. Neue, U. HPLC Columns, Theory, Technology, and Practice; Wiley-VCH Publishers: New York, 1997.
25. Snyder, L.; Kirkland, J.J.; Glajch, J. Practical HPLC Method Development; Wiley-Interscience Publishers: New York, 1997.
26. Lunn, G.; Schmuff, N.; Eds. HPLC Methods for Pharmaceutical Analysis; Wiley-Interscience Publishers: New York, 1997 (CD-ROM).
27. Freeman, R.R.; Ed. High Resolution Gas Chromatography; Hewlett-Packard Company, 1981.
28. Jennings, W. Gas Chromatography With Glass Capillary Columns, Second Edition; Academic Press: San Diego, CA, 1980.
29. Jennings, W. Analytical Gas Chromatography; Academic Press: San Diego, CA, 1987.
30. Grob, R.L.; Ed. Modern Practice of Gas Chromatography, Second Edition; Wiley & Sons: NY, 1985.
31. Lethard, D.A.; Shurlock, B.C. Identification Techniques in Gas Chromatography; Wiley-Interscience: NY, 1970.
32. Jaeger, H.; Ed. Glass Capillary Chromatography in Clinical Medicine and Pharmacology; Marcel Dekker: NY, 1985.
33. Aboul-Enein, H.Y.; Ed. Analytical and Preparative Separation Methods of Biomacromolecules; Marcel Dekker: New York, 1999.
34. Bhown, A.S.; Ed. Protein/Peptide Sequence Analysis: Current Methodologies; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 1987.
35. Hancock, W.S.; Ed. New Methods in Peptide Mapping for the Characterization of Proteins; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 1996.
36. Karger, B.L.; Hancock, W.S.; Eds. High Resolution Separation and Analysis of Biological Macromolecules, Part A, Fundamentals, Methods in Enzymology; Academic Press: San Diego, CA, 1996; Vol. 270.
37. Robyt, J.F.; White, B.J. Biochemical Techniques, Theory and Practice; Waveland Press: Prospect Heights, IL, 1987.
38. Janson, J.-C.; Ryden, L.; Eds. Protein Purification, Principles, High Resolution Methods, and Applications, Second Edition; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1998.
39. Doonan, S.; Ed. Protein Purification Protocols; Humana Press: Totowa, NJ, 1996.
40. Bollag, D.M.; Rozycki, M.D.; Edelstein, S.J. Protein Methods; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1996.
41. Gordon, A.H. Electrophoresis of Proteins in Polyacrylamide and Starch Gels; North-Holland American Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1969.
42. Everaerts, F.M.; Mikkers, F.E.P.; Verheggen, Th.P.E.; MVacik, J. Electrophoresis. In Chromatography: Fundamentals and Applications of Chromatographic and Electrophoretic Methods: Part A, Fundamentals and Techniques; Elsevier Science Publishing Co.: Amsterdam, 1983.
43. Righetti, P.G. Isoelectric Focusing: Theory, Methodology, and Applications; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1983.
44. Ehrambach, X. The Practice of Quantitative Gel Electrophoresis; VCH Publishers: Germany, 1985.
45. Heftmann, E.; Ed. Chromatography: Fundamentals and Applications of Chromatographic and Electrophoretic Methods, Parts A and B, Journal of Chromatography Library; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1983, 1984; Vol. 22A and 22B.
46. Tracy, R.P. High-Resolution, Two-Dimensional, Gel Electrophoresis of Proteins: Basic Concepts and Recent Advances in Chromatography and Separation Chemistry, Advances and Concepts; Ahuja, S., Ed.; ACS Symposium Series No. 297; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1984.
47. Protein Electrophoresis, a Technical Manual; Amersham Pharmacia Biotech: San Francisco, CA, 1999.
48. 2-D Electrophoresis Using Immobilized pH Gradients, Principles and Methods; Amersham Pharmacia Biotech: San Francisco, CA, 1998.
49. 2-D Electrophoresis for Proteomics, A Methods and Product Manual; Bulletin 2651, Bio-Rad Corporation: Hercules, CA, 2002.
50. Jorgenson, J.W.; Phillips, M.; Eds. New Directions in Electrophoretic Methods; ACS Symposium Series,, American Chemical Society: Washington, D.C., 1987; Vol. 335.
51. Horvath, Cs.; Nikelly, J.G.; Eds. Analytical Biotechnology: Capillary Electrophoresis and Chromatography; ACS Symposium Series, American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1990; Vol. 434.
52. Li, S.F.Y. Capillary Electrophoresis: Principles, Practice and Applications; Elsevier Science Publishers: Amsterdam, 1992.
53. Grossman, P.D.; Colburn, J.C.; Eds. Capillary Electrophoresis-Theory and Practice; Academic Press: San Diego, CA, 1992.
54. Guzman, N.; Ed. Capillary Electrophoresis-Technology; Marcel Dekker: New York, 1993.
55. Weinberger, R. Practical Capillary Electrophoresis; Academic Press: San Diego, CA, 1993.
56. Landers, J.P.; Ed. CRC Handbook of Capillary Electrophoresis: Principles, Methods, and Applications; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 1994.
57. Baker, D.R. Capillary Electrophoresis, Techniques in Analytical Chemistry Series; J. Wiley & Sons Inc.: New York, 1995.
58. Righetti, P.G.; Ed. Capillary Electrophoresis in Analytical Biotechnology; CRC Series in Analytical Biotechnology; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 1996.
59. Camilleri, P.; Ed. Capillary Electrophoresis, Theory and Practice; CRC Press: Boca Raton, 1993.
60. Mosher, R.A.; Thormann, W. The Dynamics of Electrophoresis; VCH Publishers: Weinheim, FRG, 1992, Chapter 7.
61. Altria, K.D.; Ed. Capillary Electrophoresis Guidebook: Principles, Operation, and Applications; Humana Press: Totowa, NJ, 1996.
62. Weinberger, R.; Lombardi, R. Method Development, Optimization and Trouble-shooting for High Performance Capillary Electrophoresis; Simon & Schuster Custom Publishing: Needham Heights, MA, 1997.
63. Cunico, R.L.; Gooding, K.M.; Wehr, T. Basic HPLC and CE of Biomolecules; Bay Bioanalytical Laboratory: Richmond, CA, 1998.
64. Wehr, T.; Rodriguez-Diaz, R.; Zhu, M. Capillary Electrophoresis of Proteins; Marcel Dekker: New York, 1999.
65. Weinberger, R. Practical Capillary Electrophoresis, Second Edition; Academic Press: San Diego, CA, 2000.
66. Bhushan, R.; Mahesh, V.K.; Mallikharjun, P.V. Thin layer chromatography of peptides and proteins: a review. Biomed. Chromatogr. 1989, 3 (3), 95-104.
67. Luo, Q.; Andrade, J.D.; Caldwell, K.D. Thin-layer ion-exchange chromatography of proteins. J. Chromatogr. A 1998, 816 (1), 97-105.
68. Baczek, T.; Marszall, M.P.; Kaliszan, R.; Walijewski, L.; Makowiecka, W.; Sparzak, B.; Grzonka, Z.; Wisniewska, K.; Juszczyk, P. Behavior of peptides and computer-assisted optimization of peptides separations in a normal-phase thin-layer chromatography system with and without the addition of ionic liquid in the eluent. Biomed. Chromatogr. 2005, 19 (1), 1-8.
69. Marek, M. Determination of molecular weights of proteins, esterases, and basic phospho-monoesterases in the hemolymph of Galleria mellonella L. Prepupa and pupa using a thin-layer chromatography. Experientia 1969, 25 (2), 136-137.
70. van der Geer, P.; Hunter, T. Phosphopetide mapping and phosphoamino acid analysis by electrophoresis and chromatography on thin-layer cellulose plates. Electrophoresis 1994, 15, 544-554.
71. Judd, R.C. Peptide Mapping by Two-Dimensional Thin-Layer Electrophoresis-Thin Layer Chromatography, The Protein Protocols Handbook, Second Edition; Walker, J.W., Ed.; Humana Press: Totowa, NJ, 2000; 543.
72. Nagahara, H.; Latek, R.R.; Ezhevsky, S.A.; Dowdy, S.F. 2-D Phosphoteptide Mapping, The Protein Protocols Handbook, Second Edition; Walker, J.W., Ed.; Humana Press: Totowa, NJ, 2000; Chapter 96.
73. Mould, D.L.; Synge, R.L. Separations of polysaccharides related to starch by electrokinetic ultrafiltration in collodion membranes. Biochem. J. 1954, 58 (4), 571-85.
74. Smith, N.W.; Carter-Finch, A.S. Electrochromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 2000, 892, 219-255.
75. Niessen, G. Personal communication, December 2004.
76. Reissell, P.K.; Hagopian, L.M.; Hatch, F.T. Thin-layer electrophoresis of serum lipoproteins. J. Lipid Res. 1966, 7, 551-557.
77. Keler-Bacoka, M.; Pucar, Z. Two-dimensional electrochromatography of human haptoglobin and plasma protein-hemoglobin complexes. Clin. Chim. Acta 1969, 23, 431-436.
78. Meisenhelder, J.; Hunter, T.; van der Geer, P. Analysis of Protein Phosphorylation by Phosphopeptide Mapping; CBS Scientific: Del Mar, CA (www. cbsscientific.com).
79. Hunter, T. Thin Layer Peptide Mapping Electrophoresis System, Model #HTLE-7002, Instruction Manual; CBS Scientific Company: Del Mar, CA, 2004.
80. Nurok, D. Planar electrochromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 2004, 1044, 83-96.
81. Nurok, D.; Koers, J.; Novotny, A.L.; Carmichael, M.A.; Kosiba, J.J.; Santini, R.E.; Hawkins, G.L.; Replogle, R.W. Apparatus and initial results for pressurized planar electrochromatography. Anal. Chem. 2004, 76 (5), 1690-1695.
82. Lapizco-Encinas, B.H.; Pinto, N.G. On the potential of electrochemically modulated liquid chromatography of proteins in a micro open parallel plate separator. J. Sep. Sci. 2004, 27, 667-674.
83. Nurok, D.; Frost, M.C.; Chenoweth, D.M. Separation using planar electrochromatography with electroosmotic flow. J. Chromatogr. A 2000, 903, 211-217.
84. Nurok, D.; Koers, J.M.; Carmichael, M.A. Role of buffer concentration and applied voltage in obtaining a good separation in planar electrochromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 2003, 983, 247-253.
85. Stevenson, R.; Mistry, K.; Krull, I.S. CEC '98: The State-of-the-Art; American Laboratory, 1998; 16A.
86. Krull, I.S.; Sebag, A.; Stevenson, R. Analysis of peptides, proteins, and antibodies by capillary electrochromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 2000, 887, 137-163.
87. Krull, I.S.; Stevenson, R.; Mistry, K.; Swartz, M.E. Capillary Electrochromatography (CEC) and Pressurized Flow CEC (PEC) or Electro-HPLC, An Introduction; HNB Publishers: New York, 2000.
88. Kazmi, S.; Krull, I.S. Application of CEC to Biopolymers and Pharmaceuticals. In Encyclopedia of Chromatography; Cazes, J., Ed.; Marcel Dekker: New York, 2001; 49-58.
89. Mistry, K.; Cortez, H.; Meunier, D.; Schmidt, C.; Grinberg, N.; Krull, I.S. Non-aqueous capillary electrochromatographic separation of synthetic, neutral polymers by size exclusion chromatography using polymeric stationary phases. Anal. Chem 2002, 74, 617-625.
90. Mistry, K.; Grinberg, N.; Krull, I.S. CEC: an alternative to HPLC and CE? J. Sepn. Sci. 2002, 25 (15-17), 935-958.
91. Mistry, K.; Krull, I.S.; Grinberg, N. Capillary electrochromatographic separation of polysacchaides by size exclusion chomatography using polymeric stationary phases. Electrophoresis. 2003, 24, 1753-1763.
92. Zhang, S.; Zhang, J.; Horvath, Cs. Rapid separation of peptides and proteins by isocratic capillary electrochromatograpy at elevated temperature. J. Chromatogr. A 2001, 914 (1-2), 189-200.
93. Bandilla, D.; Skinner, C.D. Protein separation by monolithic capillary electrochromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 2003, 1044 (1-2), 167-179.
94. Ericson, C.; Hjerten, S. Reversed-phase electrochromatography of proteins on modified continuous beds using normal-flow and counterflow gradients. Theroetical and practical considerations. Anal. Chem. 1999, 91 (8), 1621-1627.
95. Bedair, M.; El Rassi, Z. Capillary electrochromatography with monolithic stationary phases. III. Evaluation of the electrochromatographic retention of neutral and charged solutes on cationic stearyl-acrylate monoliths and the separation of water-soluble proteins and membrane proteins. J. Chromatogr. A 2003, 1013 (1-2), 47-56.
96. Righetti, P.G. Electrophoresis: The march of pennies, the march of dimes. J. Chromatog. A 2005, 1079, 24-40.
97. Reissell, P.K.; Hagopian, L.M.; Hatch, F.T. Thin-layer electrophoresis of serum lipoproteins. J. Lipid Res. 1966, 7, 551-557.
98. Judd, R.C. Peptide mapping by two-dimensional thin-layer electrophoresis-thin-layer chromatography. In The Protein Protocols Handbook; Walker, J.M., Ed.; Humana Press: Totowa, NJ, 1996; Vol. 437.
99. Honegger, C.G. Thin-film ionophoresis and thin-film ionophoresis- chromatography. Helv. Chim. Acta 1961, 44, 173-179.
100. Ritschard, W.J. Thin-layer techniques for making peptide maps. J. Chromatog. 1964, 16, 327-333.
101. Stegemann, H.; Lerch, B. Fast fingerprinting on thin layers with polyacrylamide as diaphragm. Anal. Biochem. 1964, 9, 416-422.
102. Bieleski, R.L. Separation of phosphate esters by thin-layer chromatography and electrophoresis. Anal. Biochem. 1965, 12, 230-234.
103. Bieleski, R.L.; Turner, N.A. Separation and estimation of amino acids in crude plant extracts by thin-layer electrophoresis and chromatography. Anal. Biochem. 1966, 17, 278-293.
104. Katz, S.; Lewis, A. Apparatus for high-voltage thin-layer electrophoresis: application to amino acid analysis. Anal. Biochem. 1966, 17, 300-309.
105. Burns, D.J.W.; Turner, N.A. Peptide mapping on cellulose thin layers. J. Chromatog. 1967, 30, 469-475.
106. Tometsko, A.M.; Delihas, N. The application of high-voltage thin-layer electrophoresis to the separation of peptides, nucleotides, and proteins. Anal. Biochem. 1967, 18, 72-80.
107. Sargent, J.R.; Vadlamudi, B.P. Electrophoresis of peptides on thin layers of silica gel. Anal. Biochem. 1968, 25, 583-587.
108. Bogdansky, F.M. The two-dimensional characterization of amino acids in actinomycin hydrolysates. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 1975, 13, 567-569.
109. Bates, D.L.; Perham, R.N.; Coggins, J.R. Methods for obtaining peptide maps of proteins on a subnanomole scale. Anal. Biochem. 1975, 68, 175-184.
110. Schiltz, E.; Schnackerz, K.D.; Gracy, R.W. Comparison of ninhydrin, fluorescamine, and o-pthaldialdehyde for the detection of amino acids and peptides and their effects on the recovery and composition of peptides from thin-layer fingerprints. Anal. Biochem. 1977, 79, 33-41.
111. Stephens, R.E. Fluorescent thin-layer peptide mapping for protein identification and comparison in the subnanomole range. Anal. Biochem. 1978, 84, 116-126.
112. 14C via reductive methylation. Anal. Biochem. 1979, 94, 150-159.
113. Aromatorio, D.K.; Parker, J.; Brown, W.E. High-resolution, analytical and preparative mapping by a combination of ion-exchange and thin-layer chromatographies. Anal. Biochem. 1980, 103, 350-358.
114. Fishbein, J.C.; Place, A.R.; Ropson, I.J.; Powers, D.A.; Sofer, W. Thin-layer peptide mapping: quantitative analysis and sequencing at the nanomole level 1980, 108, 193-201.
115. Oray, B.; Jahani, M.; Gracy, R.W. High-sensitivity peptide mapping of triosephosphate isomerase: A comparison of high-performance liquid chromatography with two-dimensional thin-layer methods. Anal. Biochem. 1982, 125, 131-138.
116. Anderson, N.L.; Anderson, N.G. Proteome and proteomics: new technologies, new concepts and new words. Electrophoresis 1998, 19, 1853.
117. Hatzimanikatis, V.; Choe, L.H.; Lee, K.H. Proteomics: theoretical and experimental considerations. Biotechnol. Prog. 1999, 15, 312.
118. Westermeir, R.; Naven, T. Proteomics in Practice, A Laboratory Manual of Proteome Analysis; Wiley-VCH Publishers: Weinheim, Germany, 2002.
119. Dunn, M.J.; Ed. Proteomics Reviews, 2001; Wiley-VCH Publishers: Weinheim, Germany, 2001.
120. Pennington, S.R.; Dunn, M.J.; Eds. Proteomics, From Protein Sequence to Function; BIOS Scientific Publishers, Ltd., Springer-Verlag Publishers: New York, 2001.
121. Lieber, D.C. Introduction to Proteomics, Tools for the New Biology; Humana Press: Totowa, NJ, 2002.
122. Wilkins, M.R.; Williams, K.L.; Appel, R.D.; Hochstrasser, D.F.; Eds. Proteome Research: New Frontiers in Functional Genomics; Springer-Verlag Publishers: New York, 1997.
123. Kellner, R.; Lottspeich, F.; Meyer, H.E. Microcharacterization of Proteins, Second Edition; Wiley-VCH Publishers: New York and Weinheim, 1999.
124. Kazmi, S.; Krull, I.S. Proteomics and the current state of protein separation science, Part I. PharmaGenom. Mag. 2001 (August), 14.
125. Kazmi, S.; Krull, I.S. Proteomics and the current state of protein separation science, Part II. PharmaGenom. Mag. 2001 (October/November), 16.
126. Millea, K.; Krull, I.S. Approaches to subproteomics involving chromatography. J. Liq. Chromatogr. & Rel. Technol. 2003, 26 (14), 2195-2224.
127. Millea, K.; Kass, I.J.; Krull, I.S.; Gelber, J.C.; Berger, S.J. Evaluation of multidimensional (ion exchange/reversed phase) complex protein separations using linear and step gradients in the first dimension. J. Chromatogr. A 2005, 1079, 287-98.
128. Berger, S.J.; Millea, K.M.; Krull, I.S.; Cohen, S.A. In Middle-Out Proteomics: Incorporating Multidimensional Protein Fractionation and Intact Protein Mass Analysis as Elements of a Proteomic Analysis Workflow, Separations in Proteomics; Smejkal, G., Lazarev, A., Eds.; Taylor and Frances Publishers: NYC, 2005, in press.
129. Berezkin, V.G.; Balushkin, A.O.; Tyaglov, B.V.; Rozhilo, Y.; Malinovska, I. Electroosmotic thin layer chromatography with a covered sorption layer. Doklady Phys. Chem. 2004, 399, 287-289.
130. Tate, P.A.; Dorsey, J.G. Characterization of flow and voltage profiles in planar electrochromatography. J. Chromatogr A 2005, 1079 (1-2), 317-27.
131. Hardin, S.C.; Wolniak, S.M. Low-voltage separation of phosphoamino acids by silica gel thin-layer electrophoresis in a DNA electrophoresis cell. Biotechniques 1998, 24, 344-346.
132. Blonder, J.; Goshe, M.B.; Moore, R.J.; Pasa-Tolic, L.; Masseion, C.D.; Lipton, M.S.; Smith, R.D. Enrichment of integral membrane proteins for proteomic analysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J. Proteom. Res. 2002, 1 (4), 351-60.
133. Blonder, J.; Conrads, T.P.; Veenstra, T.D. Characterization and quantitation of membrane proteomes using multidimensional MS-based proteomic technologies. Expert Rev. Proteom. 2004, 1 (2), 153-63.
134. Patton, W.F. Detection technologies in proteome analysis. J. Chromatogr. B 2002, 771 (1-2), 3-31.
135. Schulenberg, B.; Aggeler, R.; Beechem, J.M.; Capaldi, R.A.; Patton, W.F. Analysis of steady-state protein phosphorylation in mitochondria using a novel fluorescent phosphosensor dye. J. Biol. Chem. 2003, 278 (29), 27251-5.
136. Steinberg, T.H.; Agnew, B.J.; Gee, K.R.; Leung, W.Y.; Goodman, T.; Schulenberg, B.; Hendrickson, J.; Beechem, J.M.; Haugland, R.P.; Patton, W.F. Global quantitative phosphoprotein analysis using multiplexed proteomics technology. Proteomics 2003, 3 (7), 1128-44.
137. Schulenberg, B.; Goodman, T.N.; Aggeler, R.; Capaldi, R.A.; Patton, W.F. Characterization of dynamic and steady-state protein phosphorylation using a fluorescent phosphoprotein gel stain and mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2004, 25 (15), 2526-32.
138. Higashi, H.; Hirabayashi, Y.; Ito, M.; Yamagata, T.; Matsumoto, M.; Ueda, S.; Kato, S. Immunostaining on thin-layer chromatograms of oligosaccharides released from gangliosides by endoglycoceramidase. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 1987, 102 (2), 291-6.
139. Sorice, M.; Griggi, T.; Circella, A.; Garofalo, T.; d'Agostino, F.; Pittoni, V.; Pontieri, G.M.; Lenti, L.; Valesini, G. Detection of antiphospholipid antibodies by immunostaining on thin layer chromatography plates. J. Immunol. Meth. 1994, 173 (1), 49-54.
140. Ishikawa, D.; Taki, T. Thin-layer chromatography immunostaining. Meth. Enzymol. 2000, 312, 157-9.
141. Saito, M.; Yu, R.K. Planar Chromatography in Life Sciences. In TLC-Immunostaining of Glycolipids; Touchstone, J.C., Ed.; John Wiley & Sons: NY, 1995.
142. Wind, M.; Feldmann, I.; Jakubowski, N.; Lehmann, W.D. Spotting and quantification of phosphoproteins purified by gel electrophoresis and laser ablation-element mass spectrometry with phosphorus-31 detection. Electrophoresis 2003, 24 (7-8), 1276-80.
143. Ivleva, V.B.; Sapp, L.M.; O'Connor, P.B.; Costello, C.E. Ganglioside analysis by thin-layer chromatography matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization orthogonal time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J. Am. Soc. Mass Sepctrom. 2005, 16, 1552-1560.
144. Loo, R.R.; Cavalcoli, J.D.; VanBogelen, R.A.; Mitchell, C.; Loo, J.A.; Moldover, B.; Andrews, P.C. Virtual 2-D gel electrophoresis: visualization and analysis of the E. coli proteome by mass spectrometry. Anal Chem. 2001, 73 (17), 4063-70.
145. Walker, A.K.; Rymar, G.; Andrews, P.C. Mass spectrometric imaging of immobilized pH gradient gels and creation of "virtual" two-dimensional gels. Electrophoresis 2001, 22 (5), 933-45.
146. Ivleva, V.B.; Elkin, N.Y.; Budnik, B.A.; Moyer, S.C.; O'Connor, P.B.; Costello, C.E. Coupling thin-layer chromatography with vibrational cooling matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization fourier transform mass spectrometry for the analysis of ganglioside mixtures. 2004, 76, 6484-6491.
147. Mehl, J.T.; Hercules, D.M. Direct TLC-MALDI coupling using a hybrid plate. Anal Chem. 2000, 72 (1), 68-73.
148. Sommerer, D.; Suss, R.; Hammerschmidt, S.; Wirtz, H.; Arnold, K.; Schiller, J. Analysis of the phospholipid composition of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from man and minipig by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in combination with TLC. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2004, 35 (1), 199-206.
149. Crecelius, A.; Clench, M.R.; Richards, D.S.; Parr, V. Quantitative determination of Piroxicam by TLC-MALDI TOF MS. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2004, 35 (1), 31-9.