Viewpoint: Male-female wage differentials: How can that be?

Canadian Journal of Economics

Volumn 39, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 1-21

  Gunderson, Morley ^a,b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b Centre for Industrial Relations   (Canada)

^c Centre for International Studies   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GENDER; GENDER DISPARITY;

EID: 33644884721     PISSN: 00084085     EISSN: 15405982     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.0008-4085.2006.00336.x     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Akyeampong, Ernst (2005) 'Work absences,' Perspectives on Labour and Income 17, 75-84
2. Altonji, Joseph, and Rebecca M. Blank (1999) 'Race and gender in the labor market,' in Handbook of Labor Economics, Vol. 3, ed. Orley Ashenfelter and David Card (Amsterdam: North-Holland)
3. Arrow, Kennth (1973) 'Models of job discrimination,' in Racial Discrimination in Economic Life, ed. Anthony Pascal (Lexington, MA: Lexington Books)
4. Ashenfelter, Orley, and Timothy Hannan (1986) 'Sex discrimination and product market competition: The case of the banking industry,' Quarterly Journal of Economics 101, 149-73
5. Baker, Michael, and Nicole Fortin (2001) 'Occupational gender composition and wages in Canada, 1987-1988,' Canadian Journal of Economics 34, 345-76
6. Baker, Michael, and Nicole Fortin (2004) 'Comparable worth in a decentralized labour market: The case of Ontario,' Canadian Journal of Economics 37, 850-878
7. Becker, Gary (1957) The Economics of Discrimination (Chicago: University of Chicago Press)
8. Black, Sandra, and Elizabeth Brainerd (2004) 'Importing equality? The impact of globalization on gender discrimination,' Industrial and Labor Relations Review 57, 540-59
9. Black, Sandra, and Philip Strahan (2001) 'The division of spoils: rent-sharing and discrimination in a regulated industry,' American Economic Review 91, 814-31
10. Blackaby, David, Alison Booth, and Jeff Frank (2005) 'Outside offers and the gender pay gap: Empirical evidence from the UK academic labour market,' Economic Journal 115, F81-F107
11. Blau, Francine (1998) 'Trends in the well-being of American women (1970-1995),' Journal of Economic Literature 36, 112-65
12. Blau, Francine, and Lawrence Kahn (2000) 'Gender differences in pay,' Journal of Economic Perspectives 14, 75-99
13. Blau, Francine, and Lawrence Kahn (2003) 'Understanding international differences in the gender pay gap,' Journal of Labor Economics 21, 106-44
14. Blau, F., A. Ferber, and A. Winkler (2002) The Economics of Women, Men and Work. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
15. Bowlus, A. (1997). 'A search interpretation of male-female wage differentials,' Journal of Labor Economics 15, 625-57.
16. Carrington, William, and Kenneth Troske (1998) 'Sex segregation in U.S. manufacturing,' Industrial and Labor Relations Review 51, 445-64
17. Coate, Stephen, and Glenn Loury (1993a) 'Antidiscrimination enforcement and the problem of patronization,' American Economic Review 83, 92-8
18. Coate, Stephen, and Glenn Loury (1993b) 'Will affirmation-action policies eliminate negative stereotypes?' American Economic Review 83, 1220-1240
19. Doiron, Denise, and W. Craig Riddell (1994) 'The impact of unionization on male-female earnings differences in Canada,' Journal of Human Resources 29, 505-534
20. Donald, Stephen, and Daniel Hamermesh (2004) 'What is discrimination? Gender in the American Economic Association,' National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 10684
21. Drolet, Marie (2001) The Persistent Gap: New Evidence on the Canadian Gender Wage Gap. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, Business and Labour Market Analysis Division
22. Drolet, Marie (2002a) 'New evidence on gender pay differentials: Does measurement matter?' Canadian Public Policy 28, 1- 6
23. Drolet, Marie (2002b) 'Can the workplace explain gender pay differentials?' Canadian Public Policy 28 Supplement, S41-S64
24. Edgeworth, F (1922) 'Equal pay to men and women for equal work,' Economic Journal 32, 431-57
25. Fawcett, Millicent (1904) 'Review of "Women in the Printing Trades"' Economic Journal 14, 295-9
26. Fawcett, Millicent (1918) 'Equal pay for equal work,' Economic Journal 28, 1-6
27. Festinger, Leo (1957) A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance (Palo Alto, CA.: Stanford University Press)
28. Goldin, Claudia, and Cecily Rouse (2000) 'Orchestrating impartiality: the impact of "blind" auditions on female musicians,' American Economic Review 90, 715 - 41
29. Gruber, Jonathan (1994) 'The incidence of mandated maternity benefits,' American Economic Review 84, 622-4
30. Gunderson, Morley (1975) 'Equal pay in Canada: History, progress and problems,' in Equal Pay for Women: Progress and Problems in Seven Countries, ed. Barrie Pettman (Bradford, UK: MCB Books)
31. Gunderson, Morley (1989) 'Male-female wage differentials and policy responses,' Journal of Economic Literature 27, 46-72
32. Gunderson, Morley (1995) 'Gender discrimination and pay equity legislation,' in Aspects of Labour Market Behaviour: Essays in Honour of John Vanderkamp, ed. L. Christofides, K. Grant, and Robert Swidinsky (Toronto: University of Toronto Press)
33. Gunderson, Morley, and Leon Muszynski (1990) Women and Labour Market Poverty (Ottawa: Canadian Advisory Council on the Status of Women)
34. Gunderson, Morley, Doug Hyatt, and Craig Riddell (1999) Pay Differences between the Government and Private Sectors: Labour Force Survey and Census Estimates (Ottawa: Canadian Policy Research Network)
35. Heckman, James (1998) Detecting discrimination,' Journal of Economic Perspectives 12, 101 - 16
36. Hellerstein, Judith, and David Neumark (1999) 'Sex, wages, and productivity: An empirical analysis of Israeli firm-level data,' International Economic Review 40, 95-123
37. Hellerstein, Judith, David Neumark, and Kenneth Troske (1999) 'Wages, productivity, and worker characteristics: Evidence from plant-level production functions and wage equations,' Journal of Labor Economics 17, 409-46
38. Hellerstein, Judith, David Neumark, and Kenneth Troske (2002) 'Market forces and sex discrimination,' Journal of Human Resources 37, 353-80
39. Hersch, Joni, and Leslie Stratton (1997) 'Housework, fixed effects and wages of married workers,' Journal of Human Resources 32, 285-307
40. Holzer, Harry, and David Neumark (2000) 'Assessing affirmative action,' Journal of Economic Literature 38, 483-568
41. Jarrell, Stephen, and T.D. Stanley (2004) 'Declining bias and gender wage discrimination? A meta-regression analysis,' Journal of Human Resources 39, 828-38
42. Kidd, Michael, and Michael Shannon (1994) 'An update and extension of the Canadian evidence on gender wage differentials,' Canadian Journal of Economics 27, 918-38
43. Kidd, Michael, and Michael Shannon (1996) 'The gender wage gap: A comparison of Australia and Canada,' Industrial and Labor Relations Review 49, 729-46
44. Kolpin, Van, and Larry Singell, Jr (1996) 'The gender composition and scholarly performance of economics departments,; Industrial and Labor Relations Review 49, 408-23
45. Madden, Janice (1972) The Economics of Sex Discrimination. (Lexington, MA: Lexington Books)
46. Manning, Alan (2003) Monopsony in Motion. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press)
47. Meng, Xin (2004) 'Gender earnings gap: The role of firm specific effects,' Labour Economics 11, 555-73
48. Mulligan, Casey, and Yona Rubinstein (2005) 'Selection, investment, and women's relative wages since 1975,' National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 11159
49. Neumark, David, Roy J. Bank, and Kyle D. Van Nort (1996) 'Sex discrimination in restaurant hiring: An audit study,' Quarterly Journal of Economics 111, 915-41
50. O'Neil, June, and Dave O'Neil (2005) 'What do wage differentials tell us about wage discrimination?' National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 11240
51. Pesando, James, Morley Gunderson, and John McLaren (1991) 'Pension benefits and male-female wage differentials,' Canadian Journal of Economics 24, 536-50
52. Reilly, Kevin, and Tony Wirjanto (1999) 'Does more mean less? The male-female wage gap and the proportion of females at the establishment level,' Canadian Journal of Economics 32, 906-29
53. Royalty, Ann (1996) 'The effect of job turnover on the training of men and women,' Industrial and Labor Relations Review 49, 506-21
54. Ruhm, Christpher (1998) 'The economic consequences of parental leave mandates: Lessons from Europe.' Quarterly Journal of Economics 113, 285-317
55. Sicherman, Nachum (1996) 'Gender differences in departure from a large firm,' Industrial and Labor Relations Review 49, 484-505
56. Solberg, Eric, and Teresa Laughlin (1995) 'The gender pay gap, fringe benefits and occupational crowding,' Industrial and Labor Relations Review 48, 692-708
57. Sorenson, Elaine (1990) 'The crowding hypothesis and comparable worth,' Journal of Human Resources 25, 55-89
58. Waldfogel, Jane (1998) 'Understanding the 'family gap' in pay for women with children,' Journal of Economic Perspectives 12, 3-12