Does more mean less? The male/female wage gap and the proportion of females at the establishment level

Canadian Journal of Economics

Volumn 32, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 906-929

  Reilly, Kevin T ^a   Wirjanto, Tony S ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GENDER DISPARITY; PUBLIC SECTOR; WAGE GAP;

CANADA;

EID: 0032757993     PISSN: 00084085     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/136410     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Apostle, Richard, Donald Clairmont, and Lars Osberg (1983) 'The handbook to Bigbang2: an SPSS systems file of the general segmentation survey, 1979-1981,' mimeo, Dalhousie University
2. Arrow, Kenneth J. (I985a) 'Some mathematical models of race discrimination in the labor market,' in Collected Papers of Kenneth J. Arrow, Applied Economics, Vol. 6, ed. Kenneth J. Arrow (Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press).
3. _ (1985b) 'The theory of discrimination,' in Collected Papers of Kenneth J. Arrow, Applied Economics, Vol. 6, ed. Kenneth J. Arrow (Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press)
4. Baker, Michael, Dwayne Benjamin, Andrée Desauliners, and Mary Grant (1995) 'The distribution of the male/female earnings differential, 1970-90,' Canadian Journal of Economics 28, 479-501
5. Becker, Gary S. (1971) The Economics of Discrimination, 2nd ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press)
6. Bergmann, Barbara R. (1974) 'Occupational segregation, wages and profits when employers discriminate by race or sex,' Eastern Economic Journal 1, 103-10
7. Blau, Francine, and Marianne A. Ferber (1992) The Economics of Women, Men and Work, 2nd ed. (Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall)
8. Carrington, William J., and Kenneth R. Troske (1995) 'Gender segregation in small firms,' Journal of Human Resources 30, 503-33
9. _ (1998) 'Sex segregation in U.S. manufacturing,' Industrial and Labor Relations Review 51, 445-64
10. Cotton, Jeremiah (1988) 'On the decomposition of wage differentials,' Review of Economics and Statistics 70, 236-43
11. Federal Government of Canada (1995) Employment Equity Act, 1995, Consolidated Statutes (Ottawa)
12. Groshen, Erica (1991) 'The wage structure of the female/male wage differential,' Journal of Human Resources 24, 457-72
13. Hausman, Jerry A., and William E. Taylor (1981) 'Panel data and unobservable individual effects,' Econometrica 49, 1377-98
14. Johnson, George, and Gary Solon (1986) 'Estimates of the direct effects of comparable worth policy,' American Economic Review 75, 1117-25
15. Kaye, Philip (1993) 'An overview of Bill 79, the Employment Equity Act, 1993,' Legislative Research Service, Current Issue Paper 143 (Toronto: Legislative Library)
16. Kidd, Michael P., and Michael Shannon (1996) 'The gender wage gap: a comparison of Australia and Canada,' Canadian Journal of Economics, Special Issue, Part 1, 29, S121-5
17. Koch, James V., and John F. Chizmar, Jr (1976) The Economics of Affirmative Action (Lexington: D.C. Heath)
18. Macpherson, David A., and Barry T. Hirsch (I995) 'Wages and gender composition: why do women's jobs pay less,' Journal of Labour Economics 13, 426-71
19. McCullagh, Peter and John A. Nelder (1989) Generalised Linear Models, 2nd ed. (London: Chapman and Hall)
20. Moulton, Brent (1986) 'Random group effects and the precision of regression estimates,' Journal of Econometrics 32, 385-97
21. Neumark, David (1988) 'Employer discriminatory behavior and the estimation of wage discrimination,' Journal of Human Resources 23, 279-95
22. Oaxaca, Ronald L. (1973) 'Male-female wage differentials in urban labor markets,' International Economic Review 14, 693-709
23. Oaxaca, Ronald L., and Michael R. Ransom (1988) 'Searching for the effect of unionism on the wages of union and nonunion workers,' Journal of Labor Research 9, 139-48
24. _ (1994) 'on discrimination and the decomposition of wage differentials,' Journal of Econometrics 61, 5-21
25. Palmer, Camilla (1992) Discrimination at Work: The Law on Sex and Race Discrimination, 2nd ed. (London: Legal Action Group)
26. Phelps, Edmund S. (1972) 'The statistical theory of racism and sexism,' American Economic Review 62, 659-61
27. Province of Ontario (1993) Employment Equity Act, 1993, S.O. 1993, c. 35.
28. Polachek, Solomon W., and Moon-Kak Kim (1994) 'Panel estimates of the gender earnings gap: individual-specific intercepts and individual-specific slope models,' Journal of Econometrics 61, 23-42
29. Reilly, Kevin T. (1995) 'Human capital and information: the employer-size wage effect,' Journal of Human Resources 30, 1 -18
30. _ (1998) 'A generalisation of the standard wage decomposition techniques,' mimeo, Leeds University Business School
31. Reilly, Kevin T., and Tony S. Wirjanto ( 1998) 'The proportion of females at the establishment level: discrimination versus preferences-technology,' mimeo, Leeds University Business School
32. Rosen, Sherwin (1974) 'Hedonic prices and implicit markets: product differentiation in pure competition,' Journal of Political Economy 82, 34-55
33. Sorensen, Elaine (1994) Comparable Worth: Is It a Worthy Policy? (Princeton: Princeton University Press)
34. Statistics Canada (1984) Labour Force Annual Averages 1975-83 (Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada)
35. _ (1993) The Labour Force, November 1993 (Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada)
36. White, Halbert (1980) 'A heteroskedastic-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity,' Econometrica 48, 817-30