-
5
-
-
84993749035
-
Racial profiling: A survey of African American police officers
-
Barlow, D. E., & Barlow, M. H. (2002). Racial profiling: A survey of African American police officers. Police Quarterly, 5, 334-358.
-
(2002)
Police Quarterly
, vol.5
, pp. 334-358
-
-
Barlow, D.E.1
Barlow, M.H.2
-
9
-
-
0038806095
-
Police discretionary behavior: A study of style
-
R. G. Dunham & G. P. Alpert (Eds.), Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press
-
Brooks, L. W. (2001). Police discretionary behavior: A study of style. In R. G. Dunham & G. P. Alpert (Eds.), Critical issues in policing: Contemporary readings (4th ed., pp. 117-131). Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.
-
(2001)
Critical Issues in Policing: Contemporary Readings (4th Ed.)
, pp. 117-131
-
-
Brooks, L.W.1
-
11
-
-
85044797905
-
Black, white, and unequal: Examining situational determinants of arrest decisions from police-suspect encounters
-
Brown, R. A. (2005). Black, white, and unequal: Examining situational determinants of arrest decisions from police-suspect encounters. Criminal Justice Studies: A Critical Journal of Crime, Law and Society, 18, 51-68.
-
(2005)
Criminal Justice Studies: A Critical Journal of Crime, Law and Society
, vol.18
, pp. 51-68
-
-
Brown, R.A.1
-
12
-
-
33644598302
-
Introduction and background
-
H. J. Bryce (Ed.). Joint Center for Political Studies. Washington, DC: Police Foundation
-
Bryce, H. J. (1977). Introduction and background. In H. J. Bryce (Ed.), Black crime: A police view. Joint Center for Political Studies (pp. 1-18). Washington, DC: Police Foundation.
-
(1977)
Black Crime: A Police View
, pp. 1-18
-
-
Bryce, H.J.1
-
14
-
-
0018630909
-
Double marginality of black policemen: A reassessment
-
Campbell, V. (1980). Double marginality of black policemen: A reassessment. Criminology, 17, 477-484.
-
(1980)
Criminology
, vol.17
, pp. 477-484
-
-
Campbell, V.1
-
15
-
-
0003820162
-
-
Cincinnati: Author
-
Cincinnati Police Division. (1997). Annual report. Cincinnati: Author.
-
(1997)
Annual Report
-
-
-
16
-
-
42649123893
-
Statistical methods for comparing regression coefficients between models
-
Clogg, C. C., Petkova, E., & Haritou, A. (1995). Statistical methods for comparing regression coefficients between models. American Journal of Sociology, 100, 1261-1293.
-
(1995)
American Journal of Sociology
, vol.100
, pp. 1261-1293
-
-
Clogg, C.C.1
Petkova, E.2
Haritou, A.3
-
17
-
-
33644582724
-
-
(Criminal Justice Monograph, 1). Huntsville, TX: Sam Houston State University, Institute of Contemporary Corrections and the Behavioral Sciences
-
Cole, D. A., Kellingerg, G. G., Friel, C. M., & Kerper, H. B. (1969). The Negro law enforcement officer in Texas (Criminal Justice Monograph, 1). Huntsville, TX: Sam Houston State University, Institute of Contemporary Corrections and the Behavioral Sciences.
-
(1969)
The Negro Law Enforcement Officer in Texas
-
-
Cole, D.A.1
Kellingerg, G.G.2
Friel, C.M.3
Kerper, H.B.4
-
18
-
-
3242723299
-
Raising the age and education requirements for police officers: Will too many women and minority candidates be excluded?
-
Decker, L. K., & Huckabee, R. G. (2002). Raising the age and education requirements for police officers: Will too many women and minority candidates be excluded? Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 25, 789-802.
-
(2002)
Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management
, vol.25
, pp. 789-802
-
-
Decker, L.K.1
Huckabee, R.G.2
-
20
-
-
84903663535
-
-
Bloomington: Indiana University Press
-
Dulaney, W. (1996). Black police in America. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
-
(1996)
Black Police in America
-
-
Dulaney, W.1
-
21
-
-
18344377057
-
Examining the influence of drivers' characteristics during traffic stops with police: Results from a national survey
-
Engel, R. S., & Calnon, J. M. (2004). Examining the influence of drivers' characteristics during traffic stops with police: Results from a national survey. Justice Quarterly, 21, 49-90.
-
(2004)
Justice Quarterly
, vol.21
, pp. 49-90
-
-
Engel, R.S.1
Calnon, J.M.2
-
22
-
-
0347317329
-
Further exploration of the demeanor hypothesis: The interaction effects of suspect characteristics and demeanor on police behavior
-
Engel, R. S., Sobol, J. J., & Worden, R. E. (2000). Further exploration of the demeanor hypothesis: The interaction effects of suspect characteristics and demeanor on police behavior. Justice Quarterly, 17, 235-258.
-
(2000)
Justice Quarterly
, vol.17
, pp. 235-258
-
-
Engel, R.S.1
Sobol, J.J.2
Worden, R.E.3
-
23
-
-
0034385530
-
Race and disciplinary reports: An empirical study of correctional officers
-
Fisher-Giorlando, M., & Jiang, S. (2000). Race and disciplinary reports: An empirical study of correctional officers. Sociological Spectrum, 20, 169-194.
-
(2000)
Sociological Spectrum
, vol.20
, pp. 169-194
-
-
Fisher-Giorlando, M.1
Jiang, S.2
-
24
-
-
0001288118
-
Reassessing the impact of race on citizen attitudes toward the police: A research note
-
Frank, J., Brandl, S., Cullen, F. T., & Stichman, A. (1996). Reassessing the impact of race on citizen attitudes toward the police: A research note. Justice Quarterly, 13, 321-334.
-
(1996)
Justice Quarterly
, vol.13
, pp. 321-334
-
-
Frank, J.1
Brandl, S.2
Cullen, F.T.3
Stichman, A.4
-
31
-
-
0141954455
-
The effects of family, school, peers, and attitudes on adolescents; drug use: Do they vary with age?
-
Jang, S. J. (2002). The effects of family, school, peers, and attitudes on adolescents; drug use: Do they vary with age? Justice Quarterly, 19, 97-126.
-
(2002)
Justice Quarterly
, vol.19
, pp. 97-126
-
-
Jang, S.J.1
-
32
-
-
33644591408
-
Race and police officers' perceptions of their job performance: An analysis of the relationship between police officers' race, education level, and job performance
-
Kakar, S. (2003). Race and police officers' perceptions of their job performance: An analysis of the relationship between police officers' race, education level, and job performance. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 18, 45-56.
-
(2003)
Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology
, vol.18
, pp. 45-56
-
-
Kakar, S.1
-
33
-
-
33644584151
-
The racial transition of a police force: A profile of white and black policemen in Washington, DC
-
J. R. Snibbe & H. M. Snibbe (Eds.). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas
-
Kelly, R. M., & West, G. (1973). The racial transition of a police force: A profile of white and black policemen in Washington, DC. In J. R. Snibbe & H. M. Snibbe (Eds.), The urban policeman in transition: A psychological and sociological review (pp. 354-381). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
-
(1973)
The Urban Policeman in Transition: A Psychological and Sociological Review
, pp. 354-381
-
-
Kelly, R.M.1
West, G.2
-
34
-
-
0004197377
-
-
Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office
-
Kerner Commission. (1968). National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorder. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
-
(1968)
National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorder
-
-
-
35
-
-
84984337081
-
Demeanor or crime? Why "hostile" citizens are more likely to be arrested
-
Klinger, D. A. (1994). Demeanor or crime? Why "hostile" citizens are more likely to be arrested. Criminology, 32, 475-493.
-
(1994)
Criminology
, vol.32
, pp. 475-493
-
-
Klinger, D.A.1
-
36
-
-
0029783324
-
Bringing crime back in: Toward a better understanding of police arrest decisions
-
Klinger, D. A. (1996a). Bringing crime back in: Toward a better understanding of police arrest decisions. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 33, 333-336.
-
(1996)
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency
, vol.33
, pp. 333-336
-
-
Klinger, D.A.1
-
37
-
-
0040523229
-
More on demeanor and arrest in Dade County
-
Klinger, D. A. (1996b). More on demeanor and arrest in Dade County. Criminology, 34, 61-82.
-
(1996)
Criminology
, vol.34
, pp. 61-82
-
-
Klinger, D.A.1
-
38
-
-
0039270129
-
Negotiating order in patrol work: An ecological theory of police response to deviance
-
Klinger, D. A. (1997). Negotiating order in patrol work: An ecological theory of police response to deviance. Criminology, 35, 277-306.
-
(1997)
Criminology
, vol.35
, pp. 277-306
-
-
Klinger, D.A.1
-
40
-
-
84970657037
-
The black police officer: An historical perspective
-
Kuykendall, J. L., & Burns, D. L. (1980). The black police officer: An historical perspective. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 1 (4), 103-113.
-
(1980)
Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice
, vol.1
, Issue.4
, pp. 103-113
-
-
Kuykendall, J.L.1
Burns, D.L.2
-
42
-
-
0037921283
-
An examination of the convergence and divergence of internal and external allegations of misconduct filed against police officers
-
Lersch, K., & Mieczkowski, T. (2000). An examination of the convergence and divergence of internal and external allegations of misconduct filed against police officers. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 23, 54-68.
-
(2000)
Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management
, vol.23
, pp. 54-68
-
-
Lersch, K.1
Mieczkowski, T.2
-
43
-
-
0141924766
-
Replicating Sampson and Groves's test of social disorganization theory: Revisiting a criminological classic
-
Lowenkamp, C. T., Cullen, F. T., & Pratt, T. C. (2003). Replicating Sampson and Groves's test of social disorganization theory: Revisiting a criminological classic. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 40, 351-373.
-
(2003)
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency
, vol.40
, pp. 351-373
-
-
Lowenkamp, C.T.1
Cullen, F.T.2
Pratt, T.C.3
-
44
-
-
23044531493
-
Risk/need assessment, offender classification, and the role of childhood abuse
-
Lowenkamp, C. T., Holsinger, A. H., & Latessa, E. J. (2001). Risk/need assessment, offender classification, and the role of childhood abuse. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 28, 543-563.
-
(2001)
Criminal Justice and Behavior
, vol.28
, pp. 543-563
-
-
Lowenkamp, C.T.1
Holsinger, A.H.2
Latessa, E.J.3
-
45
-
-
84984377948
-
Demeanor or crime? The Midwest city police-citizen encounters study
-
Lundman, R. J. (1994). Demeanor or crime? The Midwest city police-citizen encounters study. Criminology, 32, 631-656.
-
(1994)
Criminology
, vol.32
, pp. 631-656
-
-
Lundman, R.J.1
-
46
-
-
0346806830
-
The changing face of the police officer: Occupational socialization of minority police recruits
-
R. G. Dunham & G. P. Alpert (Eds.). Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press
-
Maghan, J. (1993). The changing face of the police officer: Occupational socialization of minority police recruits. In R. G. Dunham & G. P. Alpert (Eds.), Critical issues in policing: Contemporary readings (2nd ed., pp. 348-360). Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.
-
(1993)
Critical Issues in Policing: Contemporary Readings (2nd Ed.)
, pp. 348-360
-
-
Maghan, J.1
-
47
-
-
0348200184
-
Police knowledge of the patrol beat as a performance indicator
-
R. R. Bennett (Ed.). Beverly Hills: Sage
-
Mastrofski, S. D. (1983). Police knowledge of the patrol beat as a performance indicator. In R. R. Bennett (Ed.), Police at work: Policy issues and analysis (pp. 45-64). Beverly Hills: Sage.
-
(1983)
Police at Work: Policy Issues and Analysis
, pp. 45-64
-
-
Mastrofski, S.D.1
-
48
-
-
0003623708
-
-
Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice
-
Mastrofski, S. D., Parks, R. B., Reiss, A. J., Worden, R. E., DeJong, C., Snipes, J. B., & Terrill, W. (1998). Systematic observation of public police: Applying field research methods to policy issues. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
-
(1998)
Systematic Observation of Public Police: Applying Field Research Methods to Policy Issues
-
-
Mastrofski, S.D.1
Parks, R.B.2
Reiss, A.J.3
Worden, R.E.4
DeJong, C.5
Snipes, J.B.6
Terrill, W.7
-
49
-
-
0346302290
-
The helping hand of the law: Police control of citizens on request
-
Mastrofski, S. D., Snipes, J. B., Parks, R. B., & Maxwell, C. (2000). The helping hand of the law: Police control of citizens on request. Criminology, 38, 307-342.
-
(2000)
Criminology
, vol.38
, pp. 307-342
-
-
Mastrofski, S.D.1
Snipes, J.B.2
Parks, R.B.3
Maxwell, C.4
-
50
-
-
0029742691
-
Compliance on demand: The public's response to specific police requests
-
Mastrofski, S. D., Snipes, J. B., & Supina, A. E. (1996). Compliance on demand: The public's response to specific police requests. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 33, 269-305.
-
(1996)
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency
, vol.33
, pp. 269-305
-
-
Mastrofski, S.D.1
Snipes, J.B.2
Supina, A.E.3
-
51
-
-
84984380040
-
Law enforcement in a time of community policing
-
Mastrofski, S. D., Worden, R. E., & Snipes, J. B. (1995). Law enforcement in a time of community policing. Criminology, 33, 539-563.
-
(1995)
Criminology
, vol.33
, pp. 539-563
-
-
Mastrofski, S.D.1
Worden, R.E.2
Snipes, J.B.3
-
52
-
-
0037835422
-
To acquiesce or rebel: Predicting citizen compliance with police requests
-
McCluskey, J. D., Mastrofski, S. D., & Parks, R. B. (1999). To acquiesce or rebel: Predicting citizen compliance with police requests. Police Quarterly, 2, 389-416.
-
(1999)
Police Quarterly
, vol.2
, pp. 389-416
-
-
McCluskey, J.D.1
Mastrofski, S.D.2
Parks, R.B.3
-
54
-
-
2442482908
-
-
Committee to Review Research on Police Policy and Practices. W. Skogan & K. Frydl (Eds.). Committee on Law and Justice, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: National Academies Press
-
National Research Council. (2004). Fairness and effectiveness in policing: The evidence. Committee to Review Research on Police Policy and Practices. W. Skogan & K. Frydl (Eds.). Committee on Law and Justice, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
-
(2004)
Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing: The Evidence
-
-
-
55
-
-
0037213219
-
Exploring officers' acceptance of community policing: Implications for policy implementation
-
Novak, K. J., Alarid, L. F., & Lucas, W. L. (2003). Exploring officers' acceptance of community policing: Implications for policy implementation. Journal of Criminal Justice, 31, 57-71.
-
(2003)
Journal of Criminal Justice
, vol.31
, pp. 57-71
-
-
Novak, K.J.1
Alarid, L.F.2
Lucas, W.L.3
-
56
-
-
0036220740
-
Revisiting the decision to arrest: Comparing beat and community officers
-
Novak, K. J., Frank, J., Smith, B. W., & Engel, R. S. (2002). Revisiting the decision to arrest: Comparing beat and community officers. Crime & Delinquency, 48, 70-98.
-
(2002)
Crime & Delinquency
, vol.48
, pp. 70-98
-
-
Novak, K.J.1
Frank, J.2
Smith, B.W.3
Engel, R.S.4
-
57
-
-
0037407942
-
Taking stock: Toward a richer understanding of police culture
-
Paoline, E. A. (2003). Taking stock: Toward a richer understanding of police culture. Journal of Criminal Justice, 31, 199-214.
-
(2003)
Journal of Criminal Justice
, vol.31
, pp. 199-214
-
-
Paoline, E.A.1
-
58
-
-
1842457960
-
Police culture, individualism, and community policing: Evidence from two police departments
-
Paoline, E. A., Myers, S. M., & Worden, R. E. (2000). Police culture, individualism, and community policing: Evidence from two police departments. Justice Quarterly, 17, 575-605.
-
(2000)
Justice Quarterly
, vol.17
, pp. 575-605
-
-
Paoline, E.A.1
Myers, S.M.2
Worden, R.E.3
-
59
-
-
0040082973
-
Using the correct statistical test for the equality of regression coefficients
-
Paternoster, R., Brame, R., Mazerolle, P., & Piquero, A. (1998). Using the correct statistical test for the equality of regression coefficients. Criminology, 36, 859-866.
-
(1998)
Criminology
, vol.36
, pp. 859-866
-
-
Paternoster, R.1
Brame, R.2
Mazerolle, P.3
Piquero, A.4
-
61
-
-
0346925642
-
-
Philadelphia: Quantum Leap
-
Reaves, J. N. (1991). Black cops. Philadelphia: Quantum Leap.
-
(1991)
Black Cops
-
-
Reaves, J.N.1
-
62
-
-
84998098768
-
Experience, quality of life, and neighborhood context: A hierarchical analysis of satisfaction with police
-
Reisig, M. D., & Parks, R. B. (2000). Experience, quality of life, and neighborhood context: A hierarchical analysis of satisfaction with police. Justice Quarterly, 17, 607-630.
-
(2000)
Justice Quarterly
, vol.17
, pp. 607-630
-
-
Reisig, M.D.1
Parks, R.B.2
-
64
-
-
84937387738
-
A multilevel analysis of school-based weapon possession
-
Roundtree, P. W., & Clayton, R. R. (2001). A multilevel analysis of school-based weapon possession. Justice Quarterly, 18, 509-542.
-
(2001)
Justice Quarterly
, vol.18
, pp. 509-542
-
-
Roundtree, P.W.1
Clayton, R.R.2
-
65
-
-
0041992404
-
The generalizability of multilevel models of burglary victimization: A cross-city comparison
-
Roundtree, P. W., & Land, K. C. (2000). The generalizability of multilevel models of burglary victimization: a cross-city comparison. Social Science Research, 29, 284-305.
-
(2000)
Social Science Research
, vol.29
, pp. 284-305
-
-
Roundtree, P.W.1
Land, K.C.2
-
66
-
-
84984372682
-
Macro-micro integration in the study of victimization: A hierarchical logistical model analysis across Seattle neighborhoods
-
Roundtree, P. W., Land, K. C., & Miethe, T. D. (1994). Macro-micro integration in the study of victimization: A hierarchical logistical model analysis across Seattle neighborhoods. Criminology, 32, 387-414.
-
(1994)
Criminology
, vol.32
, pp. 387-414
-
-
Roundtree, P.W.1
Land, K.C.2
Miethe, T.D.3
-
67
-
-
84974288982
-
Black mayors and police policies
-
Saltzstein, G. H. (1989). Black mayors and police policies. Journal of Politics, 51, 525-544.
-
(1989)
Journal of Politics
, vol.51
, pp. 525-544
-
-
Saltzstein, G.H.1
-
68
-
-
0030879479
-
Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy
-
Sampson, R. J., Raudenbush, S. W., & Earls, F. (1997). Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science, 277, 918-924.
-
(1997)
Science
, vol.277
, pp. 918-924
-
-
Sampson, R.J.1
Raudenbush, S.W.2
Earls, F.3
-
69
-
-
0018886209
-
Causes of police behavior: The current state of quantitative research
-
Sherman, L. W. (1980). Causes of police behavior: The current state of quantitative research. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 17, 69-100.
-
(1980)
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency
, vol.17
, pp. 69-100
-
-
Sherman, L.W.1
-
70
-
-
0011736458
-
-
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall
-
Shusta, R. M., Levine, D. R., Harris, P. R., & Wong, H. Z. (1995). Multicultural law enforcement: Strategies for peacekeeping in a diverse society. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
-
(1995)
Multicultural Law Enforcement: Strategies for Peacekeeping in a Diverse Society
-
-
Shusta, R.M.1
Levine, D.R.2
Harris, P.R.3
Wong, H.Z.4
-
74
-
-
1642587223
-
Community accountability, minority threat, and police brutality: An examination of civil rights criminal complaints
-
Smith, B. W., & Holmes, M. D. (2003). Community accountability, minority threat, and police brutality: An examination of civil rights criminal complaints. Criminology, 41, 1035-1063.
-
(2003)
Criminology
, vol.41
, pp. 1035-1063
-
-
Smith, B.W.1
Holmes, M.D.2
-
75
-
-
84984395962
-
The organizational context of legal control
-
Smith, D. A. (1984). The organizational context of legal control. Criminology, 22, 19-38.
-
(1984)
Criminology
, vol.22
, pp. 19-38
-
-
Smith, D.A.1
-
76
-
-
84959821952
-
Police response to interpersonal violence: Defining the parameters of legal control
-
Smith, D. A. (1987). Police response to interpersonal violence: Defining the parameters of legal control. Social Forces, 65, 767-782.
-
(1987)
Social Forces
, vol.65
, pp. 767-782
-
-
Smith, D.A.1
-
77
-
-
0002395443
-
Police agency characteristics and arrest decisions
-
G. P. Whitaker & C. D. Phillips (Eds.). Beverley Hills: Sage
-
Smith, D. A., & Klein, J. R. (1983). Police agency characteristics and arrest decisions. In G. P. Whitaker & C. D. Phillips (Eds.), Evaluating performance of criminal justice agencies (pp. 63-97). Beverley Hills: Sage.
-
(1983)
Evaluating Performance of Criminal Justice Agencies
, pp. 63-97
-
-
Smith, D.A.1
Klein, J.R.2
-
78
-
-
84925932175
-
Street level justice: Situational determinants of police arrest decisions
-
Smith, D. A., & Visher, C. A. (1981). Street level justice: Situational determinants of police arrest decisions. Social Problems, 29, 167-177.
-
(1981)
Social Problems
, vol.29
, pp. 167-177
-
-
Smith, D.A.1
Visher, C.A.2
-
79
-
-
84935873072
-
Equity and discretionary justice: The influence of race on police arrest decisions
-
Smith, D. A., Visher, C. A., & Davidson, L. A. (1984). Equity and discretionary justice: The influence of race on police arrest decisions. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 75, 234-249.
-
(1984)
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
, vol.75
, pp. 234-249
-
-
Smith, D.A.1
Visher, C.A.2
Davidson, L.A.3
-
80
-
-
84935603316
-
The sentencing decisions of black and white judges: Expected and unexpected similarities
-
Spohn, C. C. (1990). The sentencing decisions of black and white judges: Expected and unexpected similarities. Law and Society Review, 24, 1197-1216.
-
(1990)
Law and Society Review
, vol.24
, pp. 1197-1216
-
-
Spohn, C.C.1
-
81
-
-
0036562990
-
Effect of imprisonment on recidivism rates of felony offenders: A focus on drug offenders
-
Spohn, C., & Holleran, D. (2002). Effect of imprisonment on recidivism rates of felony offenders: A focus on drug offenders. Criminology, 40, 329-358.
-
(2002)
Criminology
, vol.40
, pp. 329-358
-
-
Spohn, C.1
Holleran, D.2
-
82
-
-
0035648631
-
Judges' race and judicial decision making: Do black judges sentence differently?
-
Steffensmeier, D., & Britt, C. L. (2001). Judges' race and judicial decision making: Do black judges sentence differently? Social Science Quarterly, 82, 749-764.
-
(2001)
Social Science Quarterly
, vol.82
, pp. 749-764
-
-
Steffensmeier, D.1
Britt, C.L.2
-
83
-
-
2342608668
-
Minority officers: Current issues
-
R. G. Dunham & G. P. Alpert (Eds.). Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press
-
Sullivan, P. S. (1989). Minority officers: Current issues. In R. G. Dunham & G. P. Alpert (Eds.), Critical issues in policing: Contemporary readings (pp. 331-345). Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.
-
(1989)
Critical Issues in Policing: Contemporary Readings
, pp. 331-345
-
-
Sullivan, P.S.1
-
84
-
-
33644591112
-
Police officers' attitudes toward their role and work: A comparison of black and white officers
-
Sun, I. Y. (2003). Police officers' attitudes toward their role and work: A comparison of black and white officers. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 28, 89-108.
-
(2003)
American Journal of Criminal Justice
, vol.28
, pp. 89-108
-
-
Sun, I.Y.1
-
85
-
-
4744348854
-
Racial differences in resolving conflicts: A comparison between black and white police officers
-
Sun, I. Y., & Payne, B. K. (2004). Racial differences in resolving conflicts: A comparison between black and white police officers. Crime & Delinquency, 50, 516-541.
-
(2004)
Crime & Delinquency
, vol.50
, pp. 516-541
-
-
Sun, I.Y.1
Payne, B.K.2
-
87
-
-
85024011851
-
Situational and officer-based determinants of police coercion
-
Terrill, W., & Mastrofski, S. D. (2002). Situational and officer-based determinants of police coercion. Justice Quarterly, 19, 215-248.
-
(2002)
Justice Quarterly
, vol.19
, pp. 215-248
-
-
Terrill, W.1
Mastrofski, S.D.2
-
89
-
-
85055959635
-
Observations on the making of policemen
-
Van Maanen, J. (1973). Observations on the making of policemen. Human Organization, 32, 407-418.
-
(1973)
Human Organization
, vol.32
, pp. 407-418
-
-
Van Maanen, J.1
-
91
-
-
0003474517
-
-
Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thompson Learning
-
Walker, S., Spohn, C., & DeLone, M. (2004). The color of justice: Race, ethnicity, and crime in America (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thompson Learning.
-
(2004)
The Color of Justice: Race, Ethnicity, and Crime in America (3rd Ed.)
-
-
Walker, S.1
Spohn, C.2
DeLone, M.3
-
93
-
-
0348186047
-
Police attitudes toward abuse of authority: Findings from a national study
-
Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice
-
Weisburd, D., Greenspan, R., Hamilton, E. E., Williams, H., & Bryant, K. (2000). Police attitudes toward abuse of authority: Findings from a national study. In Research in brief. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
-
(2000)
Research in Brief
-
-
Weisburd, D.1
Greenspan, R.2
Hamilton, E.E.3
Williams, H.4
Bryant, K.5
-
94
-
-
0030524802
-
Racial discrimination in the criminal justice system: Findings and problems in the literature
-
Weitzer, R. (1996). Racial discrimination in the criminal justice system: Findings and problems in the literature. Journal of Criminal Justice, 24, 309-322.
-
(1996)
Journal of Criminal Justice
, vol.24
, pp. 309-322
-
-
Weitzer, R.1
-
95
-
-
0034216516
-
White, black, or blue cops? Race and citizen assessments of police officers
-
Weitzer, R. (2000). White, black, or blue cops? Race and citizen assessments of police officers. Journal of Criminal Justice, 28, 313-324.
-
(2000)
Journal of Criminal Justice
, vol.28
, pp. 313-324
-
-
Weitzer, R.1
-
96
-
-
84935412237
-
Do black judges make a difference?
-
Welch, S., Combs, M., & Gruhl, J. (1988). Do black judges make a difference? American Journal of Political Science, 32, 126-136.
-
(1988)
American Journal of Political Science
, vol.32
, pp. 126-136
-
-
Welch, S.1
Combs, M.2
Gruhl, J.3
-
97
-
-
0012070743
-
The evolving strategy of police: A minority view
-
Washington, DC: Government Printing Office
-
Williams, H., & Murphy, P. V. (1990). The evolving strategy of police: A minority view. In Perspectives on Policing, 13. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
-
(1990)
Perspectives on Policing
, vol.13
-
-
Williams, H.1
Murphy, P.V.2
-
98
-
-
0345854951
-
Considering hierarchical models for research on inmate behavior: Predicting misconduct with multilevel data
-
Wooldredge, J., Griffin, T., & Pratt, T. C. (2001). Considering hierarchical models for research on inmate behavior: Predicting misconduct with multilevel data. Justice Quarterly, 18, 203-231.
-
(2001)
Justice Quarterly
, vol.18
, pp. 203-231
-
-
Wooldredge, J.1
Griffin, T.2
Pratt, T.C.3
-
99
-
-
84936824168
-
Situational and attitudinal explanations of police behavior: A theoretical reappraisal and empirical assessment
-
Worden, R. E. (1989). Situational and attitudinal explanations of police behavior: A theoretical reappraisal and empirical assessment. Law & Society Review, 23, 667-711.
-
(1989)
Law & Society Review
, vol.23
, pp. 667-711
-
-
Worden, R.E.1
-
100
-
-
0000918572
-
A badge and a baccalaureate: Policies, hypotheses and further evidence
-
Worden, R. E. (1990). A badge and a baccalaureate: Policies, hypotheses and further evidence. Justice Quarterly, 7, 565-592.
-
(1990)
Justice Quarterly
, vol.7
, pp. 565-592
-
-
Worden, R.E.1
-
101
-
-
84935189766
-
Police arrests in domestic disturbances: A further look
-
Worden, R. E., & Pollitz, A. A. (1984). Police arrests in domestic disturbances: A further look. Law & Society Review, 18, 105-119.
-
(1984)
Law & Society Review
, vol.18
, pp. 105-119
-
-
Worden, R.E.1
Pollitz, A.A.2
-
102
-
-
0038867200
-
Demeanor, crime and police behavior: A reexamination of police services study data
-
Worden, R. E., & Shepard, R. L. (1996). Demeanor, crime and police behavior: A reexamination of police services study data. Criminology, 34, 83-105.
-
(1996)
Criminology
, vol.34
, pp. 83-105
-
-
Worden, R.E.1
Shepard, R.L.2
-
103
-
-
84990357558
-
On the meaning and measurement of suspects' demeanor toward the police: A comment on "demeanor and arrest."
-
Worden, R. E., Shepard, R. L., & Mastrofski, S. D. (1996). On the meaning and measurement of suspects' demeanor toward the police: A comment on "demeanor and arrest." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 33, 324-332.
-
(1996)
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency
, vol.33
, pp. 324-332
-
-
Worden, R.E.1
Shepard, R.L.2
Mastrofski, S.D.3
-
104
-
-
0035538719
-
Race, ethnicity and the female COP: Differential patterns of representation
-
Zhao, J., Herbst, L., & Lovrich, N. (2001). Race, ethnicity and the female COP: Differential patterns of representation. Journal of Urban Affairs, 23, 243-257.
-
(2001)
Journal of Urban Affairs
, vol.23
, pp. 243-257
-
-
Zhao, J.1
Herbst, L.2
Lovrich, N.3
|