-
7
-
-
0035510793
-
Who are the complaint-prone officers? An examination of the relationship between police officers' attributes, arrest activity, assignment, and citizens' complaints about excessive force
-
Brandl, Steven G., Meghan S. Stroshine, and James Frank 2001 Who are the complaint-prone officers? An examination of the relationship between police officers' attributes, arrest activity, assignment, and citizens' complaints about excessive force. Journal of Criminal Justice 29:521-529.
-
(2001)
Journal of Criminal Justice
, vol.29
, pp. 521-529
-
-
Brandl, S.G.1
Stroshine, M.S.2
Frank, J.3
-
8
-
-
0004855595
-
The new politics of immigration: "Balanced budget conservatism" and the symbolism of proposition 187
-
Calavita, Kitty 1996 The new politics of immigration: "Balanced budget conservatism" and the symbolism of proposition 187. Social Problems 43:284-305.
-
(1996)
Social Problems
, vol.43
, pp. 284-305
-
-
Calavita, K.1
-
10
-
-
0034179066
-
Determinants of citizen complaints against police abuse of power
-
Cao, Liqun and Bu Huang 2000 Determinants of citizen complaints against police abuse of power. Journal of Criminal Justice 28:203-213.
-
(2000)
Journal of Criminal Justice
, vol.28
, pp. 203-213
-
-
Cao, L.1
Huang, B.2
-
13
-
-
84928846517
-
Conflict theory and police killings
-
Chamlin, Mitchell B. 1989 Conflict theory and police killings. Deviant Behavior 10:353-368.
-
(1989)
Deviant Behavior
, vol.10
, pp. 353-368
-
-
Chamlin, M.B.1
-
15
-
-
0038256794
-
Racial composition of neighborhood and fear of crime
-
Chiricos, Ted, Michael Hogan, and Marc Gertz 1997 Racial composition of neighborhood and fear of crime. Criminology 35:107-131.
-
(1997)
Criminology
, vol.35
, pp. 107-131
-
-
Chiricos, T.1
Hogan, M.2
Gertz, M.3
-
16
-
-
0040108067
-
The dilemmas of police residency: Views from the street
-
Coleman, Stephen F. 1983 The dilemmas of police residency: Views from the street. Journal of Police Science and Administration 11:194-199.
-
(1983)
Journal of Police Science and Administration
, vol.11
, pp. 194-199
-
-
Coleman, S.F.1
-
17
-
-
1642390510
-
Elements of community policing
-
L. Gaines and G. Cordner (eds.), Los Angeles: Roxbury
-
Cordner, Gary W. 1999 Elements of community policing. In L. Gaines and G. Cordner (eds.), Policing Perspectives: An Anthology. Los Angeles: Roxbury.
-
(1999)
Policing Perspectives: An Anthology
-
-
Cordner, G.W.1
-
18
-
-
0000083304
-
Police minority recruitment: A note on its effectiveness in improving black evaluations of the police
-
Decker, Scott H. and Russell L. Smith 1980 Police minority recruitment: A note on its effectiveness in improving black evaluations of the police. Journal of Criminal Justice 8:387-393.
-
(1980)
Journal of Criminal Justice
, vol.8
, pp. 387-393
-
-
Decker, S.H.1
Smith, R.L.2
-
19
-
-
84936097259
-
The continuing significance of race: Antiblack discrimination in public places
-
Feagin, Joe R. 1991 The continuing significance of race: Antiblack discrimination in public places. American Sociological Review 56:101-116.
-
(1991)
American Sociological Review
, vol.56
, pp. 101-116
-
-
Feagin, J.R.1
-
21
-
-
84946357376
-
Police use of deadly force: Research and reform
-
Fyfe, James J. 1988 Police use of deadly force: Research and reform. Justice Quarterly 5:165-205.
-
(1988)
Justice Quarterly
, vol.5
, pp. 165-205
-
-
Fyfe, J.J.1
-
23
-
-
84935592528
-
Beyond anomalies: Rethinking the conflict perspective on race and criminal punishment
-
Hawkins, Darnell F. 1987 Beyond anomalies: Rethinking the conflict perspective on race and criminal punishment. Social Forces 65:719-745.
-
(1987)
Social Forces
, vol.65
, pp. 719-745
-
-
Hawkins, D.F.1
-
24
-
-
0002479924
-
Perceptions of abusive police practices in a U.S.-Mexico border community
-
Holmes, Malcolm D. 1998 Perceptions of abusive police practices in a U.S.-Mexico border community. Social Science Journal 35:107-118. 2000 Minority threat and police brutality: Determinants of civil rights criminal complaints in U.S. municipalities. Criminology 38:343-367.
-
(1998)
Social Science Journal
, vol.35
, pp. 107-118
-
-
Holmes, M.D.1
-
25
-
-
0347177752
-
Minority threat and police brutality: Determinants of civil rights criminal complaints in U.S. municipalities
-
Holmes, Malcolm D. 1998 Perceptions of abusive police practices in a U.S.-Mexico border community. Social Science Journal 35:107-118. 2000 Minority threat and police brutality: Determinants of civil rights criminal complaints in U.S. municipalities. Criminology 38:343-367.
-
(2000)
Criminology
, vol.38
, pp. 343-367
-
-
-
26
-
-
84928218668
-
Police Accounts of Normal Force
-
Hunt, Jennifer 1985 Police Accounts of Normal Force. Urban Life 13:315-341.
-
(1985)
Urban Life
, vol.13
, pp. 315-341
-
-
Hunt, J.1
-
28
-
-
0003575694
-
-
New York: Praeger
-
Jackson, Pamela Irving 1989 Minority Group Threat, Crime, and Policing: Social Context and Social Control. New York: Praeger. 1992 Minority group threat, social context, and policing. In Allen E. Liska (ed.), Social Threat and Social Control. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York.
-
(1989)
Minority Group Threat, Crime, and Policing: Social Context and Social Control
-
-
Jackson, P.I.1
-
29
-
-
0041156977
-
Minority group threat, social context, and policing
-
Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York
-
Jackson, Pamela Irving 1989 Minority Group Threat, Crime, and Policing: Social Context and Social Control. New York: Praeger. 1992 Minority group threat, social context, and policing. In Allen E. Liska (ed.), Social Threat and Social Control. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York.
-
(1992)
Social Threat and Social Control
-
-
Liska, A.E.1
-
30
-
-
0001233798
-
Race and the war on crime: The sociopolitical determinants of municipal police expenditures in 90 non-southern cities
-
Jackson, Pamela Irving and Leo Carroll 1981 Race and the war on crime: The sociopolitical determinants of municipal police expenditures in 90 non-southern cities. American Sociological Review 46:390-405.
-
(1981)
American Sociological Review
, vol.46
, pp. 390-405
-
-
Jackson, P.I.1
Carroll, L.2
-
31
-
-
0032326632
-
The determinants of deadly force: A structural analysis of police violence
-
Jacobs, David and Robert M. O'Brien 1998 The determinants of deadly force: A structural analysis of police violence. American Journal of Sociology 103:837-862.
-
(1998)
American Journal of Sociology
, vol.103
, pp. 837-862
-
-
Jacobs, D.1
O'Brien, R.M.2
-
32
-
-
84982073358
-
Police violence as a function of community characteristics
-
Kania, Richard R. E. and Wade C. Mackey 1977 Police violence as a function of community characteristics. Criminology 15:27-48.
-
(1977)
Criminology
, vol.15
, pp. 27-48
-
-
Kania, R.R.E.1
Mackey, W.C.2
-
33
-
-
0003346079
-
The rhetoric of community policing
-
Jack R. Greene and Stephen D. Mastrofski (eds.). New York: Praeger
-
Klockars, Carl B. 1988 The rhetoric of community policing. In Jack R. Greene and Stephen D. Mastrofski (eds.), Community Policing: Rhetoric or Reality. New York: Praeger.
-
(1988)
Community Policing: Rhetoric or Reality
-
-
Klockars, C.B.1
-
34
-
-
0010794529
-
Introduction to the study of social control
-
Allen E. Liska (ed.). Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York
-
Liska, Allen E. 1992 Introduction to the study of social control. In Allen E. Liska (ed.), Social Threat and Social Control. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York.
-
(1992)
Social Threat and Social Control
-
-
Liska, A.E.1
-
35
-
-
84935444925
-
Social structure and crime control among macrosocial units
-
Liska, Allen E. and Mitchell B. Chamlin 1984 Social structure and crime control among macrosocial units. American Journal of Sociology 90:383-395.
-
(1984)
American Journal of Sociology
, vol.90
, pp. 383-395
-
-
Liska, A.E.1
Chamlin, M.B.2
-
36
-
-
84963014607
-
Testing the economic production and conflict models of crime control
-
Liska, Allen E., Mitchell B. Chamlin, and Mark D. Reed 1985 Testing the economic production and conflict models of crime control. Social Forces 64:119-138.
-
(1985)
Social Forces
, vol.64
, pp. 119-138
-
-
Liska, A.E.1
Chamlin, M.B.2
Reed, M.D.3
-
37
-
-
0002768969
-
Specifying and testing the threat hypothesis: Police use of deadly force
-
Allen E. Liska (ed.). Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York
-
Liska, Allen E. and Jiang Yu 1992 Specifying and testing the threat hypothesis: Police use of deadly force. In Allen E. Liska (ed.), Social Threat and Social Control. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York.
-
(1992)
Social Threat and Social Control
-
-
Liska, A.E.1
Yu, J.2
-
38
-
-
0000937159
-
Perspectives on the legal order: The capacity for social control
-
Liska, Allen E., Joseph J. Lawrence, and Michael Benson 1981 Perspectives on the legal order: The capacity for social control. American Journal of Sociology 87:413-426.
-
(1981)
American Journal of Sociology
, vol.87
, pp. 413-426
-
-
Liska, A.E.1
Lawrence, J.J.2
Benson, M.3
-
40
-
-
0039364709
-
The color of law and the issue of color: Race and the abuse of police power
-
William A. Geller and Hans Toch (eds.), New Haven, Conn.: Yale University
-
Locke, Hubert G. 1996 The color of law and the issue of color: Race and the abuse of police power. In William A. Geller and Hans Toch (eds.), Police Violence; Understanding and Controlling Police Abuse of Force. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University.
-
(1996)
Police Violence; Understanding and Controlling Police Abuse of Force
-
-
Locke, H.G.1
-
43
-
-
0039523907
-
Structural change in large municipal police organizations during the community policing era
-
Maguire, Edward R. 1997 Structural change in large municipal police organizations during the community policing era. Justice Quarterly 14:547-576.
-
(1997)
Justice Quarterly
, vol.14
, pp. 547-576
-
-
Maguire, E.R.1
-
46
-
-
0004227318
-
-
Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame
-
Mirandé, Alfredo 1987 Gringo Justice. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame.
-
(1987)
Gringo Justice
-
-
Mirandé, A.1
-
47
-
-
84973794656
-
Evaluating women on patrol: A critique of contemporary wisdom
-
Morash, Merry and Jack R. Greene 1986 Evaluating women on patrol: A critique of contemporary wisdom. Evaluation Review 10:230-255.
-
(1986)
Evaluation Review
, vol.10
, pp. 230-255
-
-
Morash, M.1
Greene, J.R.2
-
52
-
-
0004149270
-
-
Chicago, Ill.: Irwin
-
Neter, John, Michael H. Kutner, Christopher J. Nachtsheim, and William Wasserman 1996 Applied Linear Statistical Models. 4th ed. Chicago, Ill.: Irwin.
-
(1996)
Applied Linear Statistical Models. 4th Ed.
-
-
Neter, J.1
Kutner, M.H.2
Nachtsheim, C.J.3
Wasserman, W.4
-
53
-
-
0034419145
-
Poisson-based regression analysis of aggregate crime rates
-
Osgood, D. Wayne 2000 Poisson-based regression analysis of aggregate crime rates. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 16:21-43.
-
(2000)
Journal of Quantitative Criminology
, vol.16
, pp. 21-43
-
-
Osgood, D.W.1
-
55
-
-
0007430347
-
Police brutality - Answers to key questions
-
Reiss, Albert J., Jr. 1968 Police brutality - Answers to key questions. Transaction 5:10-19. 1971 The Police and the Public. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University.
-
(1968)
Transaction
, vol.5
, pp. 10-19
-
-
Reiss Jr., A.J.1
-
56
-
-
0007430347
-
-
New Haven, Conn.: Yale University
-
Reiss, Albert J., Jr. 1968 Police brutality - Answers to key questions. Transaction 5:10-19. 1971 The Police and the Public. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University.
-
(1971)
The Police and the Public
-
-
-
58
-
-
0347806761
-
The Negro and the problem of law observance and administration in the light of social research
-
Charles S. Johnson (ed.), New York: Holt
-
Sellin, Thorsten 1930 The Negro and the problem of law observance and administration in the light of social research. In Charles S. Johnson (ed.), The Negro in American Civilization. New York: Holt.
-
(1930)
The Negro in American Civilization
-
-
Sellin, T.1
-
59
-
-
0016633589
-
Middle management and police democratization: A reply to John E. Angell
-
Sherman, Lawrence W. 1975 Middle management and police democratization: A reply to John E. Angell. Criminology 12:363-377.
-
(1975)
Criminology
, vol.12
, pp. 363-377
-
-
Sherman, L.W.1
-
65
-
-
84965695710
-
Police attitudes and performance: The impact of residency
-
Smith, Dennis C. 1980 Police attitudes and performance: The impact of residency. Urban Affairs Quarterly 15:317-334.
-
(1980)
Urban Affairs Quarterly
, vol.15
, pp. 317-334
-
-
Smith, D.C.1
-
66
-
-
0000287921
-
The neighborhood context of police behavior
-
Albert J. Reiss, Jr. and Michael Tonry (eds.), Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago
-
Smith, Douglas A. 1986 The neighborhood context of police behavior. In Albert J. Reiss, Jr. and Michael Tonry (eds.), Crime and Justice: A Review of Research. Vol. 8. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago.
-
(1986)
Crime and Justice: A Review of Research
, vol.8
-
-
Smith, D.A.1
-
67
-
-
84926279616
-
Police control of interpersonal disputes
-
Smith, Douglas A. and Jody R. Klein 1983 Police control of interpersonal disputes. Social Problems 31:468-81.
-
(1983)
Social Problems
, vol.31
, pp. 468-481
-
-
Smith, D.A.1
Klein, J.R.2
-
68
-
-
84925932175
-
Street Level Justice: Situational Determinants of Police Arrest Decisions
-
Smith, Douglas A. and Christie A. Visher 1981 Street Level Justice: Situational Determinants of Police Arrest Decisions. Social Problems 29:167-177.
-
(1981)
Social Problems
, vol.29
, pp. 167-177
-
-
Smith, D.A.1
Visher, C.A.2
-
69
-
-
84926273075
-
Patrol activities of male and female officers as a function of work experience
-
Snortum, John R. and John C. Beyers 1983 Patrol activities of male and female officers as a function of work experience. Police Studies 6:36-42.
-
(1983)
Police Studies
, vol.6
, pp. 36-42
-
-
Snortum, J.R.1
Beyers, J.C.2
-
70
-
-
84950610966
-
Factors related to killings of felons by police officers: A test of the community violence and conflict hypotheses
-
Sorensen, Jonathan R., James W. Marquart, and Deon E. Brock 1993 Factors related to killings of felons by police officers: A test of the community violence and conflict hypotheses. Justice Quarterly 10:417-440.
-
(1993)
Justice Quarterly
, vol.10
, pp. 417-440
-
-
Sorensen, J.R.1
Marquart, J.W.2
Brock, D.E.3
-
71
-
-
0038692830
-
-
Washington, D.C.: National Center for Women & Policing
-
Spillar, Katherine, Penny Harrington, Michelle Wood, Patricia Aguirre, Sandi Aguilar, Julie Yick, Maryanna Abdo, and Lorena Meza 2000 Gender Differences in the Cost of Police Brutality and Misconduct: A Content Analysis of LAPD Civil Liability Cases: 1990-1999. Washington, D.C.: National Center for Women & Policing.
-
(2000)
Gender Differences in the Cost of Police Brutality and Misconduct: A Content Analysis of LAPD Civil Liability Cases: 1990-1999
-
-
Spillar, K.1
Harrington, P.2
Wood, M.3
Aguirre, P.4
Aguilar, S.5
Yick, J.6
Abdo, M.7
Meza, L.8
-
72
-
-
0142175989
-
Police officers: A gender perspective
-
Mark L. Dantzker (ed.), Boston, Mass.: Butterworth Heineman
-
Stalans, Loretta 1997 Police officers: A gender perspective. In Mark L. Dantzker (ed.), Contemporary Policing: Personnel, Issues, and Trends. Boston, Mass.: Butterworth Heineman.
-
(1997)
Contemporary Policing: Personnel, Issues, and Trends
-
-
Stalans, L.1
-
73
-
-
0142207160
-
Minority groups in law enforcement
-
Mark L. Dantzker (ed.). Boston, Mass.: Butterworth Heineman
-
Stokes, Larry D. 1997 Minority groups in law enforcement. In Mark L. Dantzker (ed.), Contemporary Policing: Personnel, Issues, and Trends. Boston, Mass.: Butterworth Heineman.
-
(1997)
Contemporary Policing: Personnel, Issues, and Trends
-
-
Stokes, L.D.1
-
77
-
-
0002563464
-
Working the street: A developmental view of police behavior
-
Herbert Jacob (ed.) Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage
-
Van Maanen, John 1974 Working the street: A developmental view of police behavior. In Herbert Jacob (ed.), The Potential for Reform of Criminal Justice. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage.
-
(1974)
The Potential for Reform of Criminal Justice
-
-
Van Maanen, J.1
-
78
-
-
84977044425
-
Racial minority and female employment in policing: The implications of glacial change
-
Walker, Samuel 1985 Racial minority and female employment in policing: The implications of glacial change. Crime & Delinquency 31:555-572. 1999 The Police in America: An Introduction. 3rd ed. Boston, Mass.: McGraw-Hill.
-
(1985)
Crime & Delinquency
, vol.31
, pp. 555-572
-
-
Walker, S.1
-
79
-
-
84977044425
-
-
Boston, Mass.: McGraw-Hill
-
Walker, Samuel 1985 Racial minority and female employment in policing: The implications of glacial change. Crime & Delinquency 31:555-572. 1999 The Police in America: An Introduction. 3rd ed. Boston, Mass.: McGraw-Hill. 2001 Police Accountability: The Role of Citizen Oversight. Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth.
-
(1999)
The Police in America: An Introduction. 3rd Ed.
-
-
-
80
-
-
84977044425
-
-
Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth
-
Walker, Samuel 1985 Racial minority and female employment in policing: The implications of glacial change. Crime & Delinquency 31:555-572. 1999 The Police in America: An Introduction. 3rd ed. Boston, Mass.: McGraw-Hill. 2001 Police Accountability: The Role of Citizen Oversight. Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth.
-
(2001)
Police Accountability: The Role of Citizen Oversight
-
-
-
81
-
-
0002569604
-
The effectiveness of civilian review: Observations on recent trends and new issues regarding the civilian review of the police
-
Walker, Samuel and Vie W. Bumphus 1992 The effectiveness of civilian review: Observations on recent trends and new issues regarding the civilian review of the police. American Journal of Police 11:1-26.
-
(1992)
American Journal of Police
, vol.11
, pp. 1-26
-
-
Walker, S.1
Bumphus, V.W.2
-
84
-
-
85048578721
-
Violence and the police
-
Westley, William A. 1953 Violence and the police. American Journal of Sociology 59:34-41. 1970 Violence and the Police: A Sociological Study of Law, Custom and Morality. Cambridge, Mass.: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
-
(1953)
American Journal of Sociology
, vol.59
, pp. 34-41
-
-
Westley, W.A.1
-
85
-
-
0004231650
-
-
Cambridge, Mass.: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
-
Westley, William A. 1953 Violence and the police. American Journal of Sociology 59:34-41. 1970 Violence and the Police: A Sociological Study of Law, Custom and Morality. Cambridge, Mass.: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
-
(1970)
Violence and the Police: A Sociological Study of Law, Custom and Morality
-
-
-
86
-
-
0012070743
-
The evolving strategy of police: A minority view
-
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office
-
Williams, Hubert and Patrick V. Murphy 1990 The evolving strategy of police: A minority view. Perspectives on Policing, No. 13. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
-
(1990)
Perspectives on Policing
, Issue.13
-
-
Williams, H.1
Murphy, P.V.2
-
88
-
-
84936824168
-
Situational and attitudinal explanations of police behavior: A theoretical reappraisal and empirical assessment
-
Worden, Robert E. 1989 Situational and attitudinal explanations of police behavior: A theoretical reappraisal and empirical assessment. Law and Society Review 23:667-711. 1995 The "Causes" of police brutality: Theory and evidence on police use of force. In William A. Geller and Hans Toch (eds.), And Justice For All: Understanding and Controlling Police Abuse of Force. Washington D.C.: Police Executive Research Forum. 1996 The causes of police brutality: Theory and evidence on police use of force. In William A. Geller and Hans Toch (eds.), Police Violence: Understanding and Controlling Police Abuse of Force. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University.
-
(1989)
Law and Society Review
, vol.23
, pp. 667-711
-
-
Worden, R.E.1
-
89
-
-
0002390110
-
The "Causes" of police brutality: Theory and evidence on police use of force
-
Washington D.C.: Police Executive Research Forum
-
Worden, Robert E. 1989 Situational and attitudinal explanations of police behavior: A theoretical reappraisal and empirical assessment. Law and Society Review 23:667-711. 1995 The "Causes" of police brutality: Theory and evidence on police use of force. In William A. Geller and Hans Toch (eds.), And Justice For All: Understanding and Controlling Police Abuse of Force. Washington D.C.: Police Executive Research Forum. 1996 The causes of police brutality: Theory and evidence on police use of force. In William A. Geller and Hans Toch (eds.), Police Violence: Understanding and Controlling Police Abuse of Force. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University.
-
(1995)
And Justice for All: Understanding and Controlling Police Abuse of Force
-
-
William, A.G.1
Toch, H.2
-
90
-
-
0007427385
-
The causes of police brutality: Theory and evidence on police use of force
-
New Haven, Conn.: Yale University
-
Worden, Robert E. 1989 Situational and attitudinal explanations of police behavior: A theoretical reappraisal and empirical assessment. Law and Society Review 23:667-711. 1995 The "Causes" of police brutality: Theory and evidence on police use of force. In William A. Geller and Hans Toch (eds.), And Justice For All: Understanding and Controlling Police Abuse of Force. Washington D.C.: Police Executive Research Forum. 1996 The causes of police brutality: Theory and evidence on police use of force. In William A. Geller and Hans Toch (eds.), Police Violence: Understanding and Controlling Police Abuse of Force. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University.
-
(1996)
Police Violence: Understanding and Controlling Police Abuse of Force
-
-
Geller, W.A.1
Toch, H.2
|