Erythropoietin regulation of Raf-1 and MEK: Evidence for a Ras-independent mechanism

Blood

Volumn 104, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 73-80

  Chen, Changmin ^b   Sytkowski, Arthur J ^a  

^a BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

2 (2 AMINO 3 METHOXYPHENYL)CHROMONE; ELK PROTEIN; ERYTHROPOIETIN; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASE; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3 KINASE; PROTEIN; RAF PROTEIN; RAF1 PROTEIN; SERINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ARTICLE; CARBOXY TERMINAL SEQUENCE; CELL LINE; ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY; ENZYME ACTIVATION; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ERYTHROLEUKEMIA; GENE DELETION; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; ONCOGENE C MYC; PHOSPHORYLATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECEPTOR UPREGULATION; TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION;

EID: 3042794598     PISSN: 00064971     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-04-1340     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Wartmann M, Davis RJ. The native structure of the activated Raf protein kinase is a membrane-bound multi-subunit complex. J Biol Chem. 1994; 269:6695-6701.
2. Fabian JR, Vojtek AB, Cooper JA, Morrison DK. A single amino acid change in Raf-1 inhibits Ras binding and alters Raf-1 function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994;91:5982-5986.
3. Pumiglia K, Chow YH, Fabian J, Morrison D, Decker S, Jove R. Raf-1 N-terminal sequences necessary for Ras-Raf interaction and signal transduction. Mol Cell Biol. 1995;15:398-406.
4. Nassar N, Horn G, Herrmann C, Scherer A, McCormick F, Wittinghofer A. The 2.2 A crystal structure of the Ras-binding domain of the serine/threonine kinase c-Raf1 in complex with Rap1A and a GTP analogue. Nature. 1995;375:554-560.
5. Mott HR, Carpenter JW, Zhong S, Ghosh S, Bell RM, Campbell SL. The solution structure of the Raf-1 cysteine-rich domain: a novel ras and phospholipid binding site. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996;93:8312-8317.
6. Stanton VP Jr, Nichols DW, Laudano AP, Cooper GM. Definition of the human raf amino-terminal regulatory region by deletion mutagenesis. Mol Cell Biol. 1989;9:639-647.
7. Stokoe D, Macdonald SG, Cadwallader K, Symons M, Hancock JF. Activation of Raf as a result of recruitment to the plasma membrane. Science. 1994;264:1463-1467.
8. Leevers SJ, Paterson HF, Marshall CJ. Requirement for Ras in Raf activation is overcome by targeting Raf to the plasma membrane. Nature. 1994;369:411-414.
9. Welnstein-Oppenheimer CR, Blalock WL, Steelman LS, Chang F, McCubrey JA. The Raf signal transduction cascade as a target for chemotherapeutic intervention in growth factor-responsive tumors. Pharmacol Ther. 2000;88:229-279.
10. Morrison DK, Heidecker G, Rapp UR, Copeland TD. Identification of the major phosphorylation sites of the Raf-1 kinase. J Biol Chem. 1993;268: 17309-17316.
11. Ferrier AF, Lee M, Anderson WB, et al. Sequential modification of serines 621 and 624 in the Raf-1 carboxyl terminus produces alterations in its electrophoretic mobility. J Biol Chem. 1997;272:2136-2142.
12. Fabian JR, Daar IO, Morrison DK. Critical tyrosine residues regulate the enzymatic and biological activity of Raf-1 kinase. Mol Cell Biol. 1993;13:7170-7179.
13. King AJ, Sun H, Diaz B, et al. The protein kinase Pak3 positively regulates Raf-1 activity through phosphorylation of serine 338. Nature. 1998;396: 180-183.
14. Stokoe D, McCormick F. Activation of c-Raf-1 by Ras and Src through different mechanisms: activation in vivo and in vitro. EMBO J. 1997;16: 2384-2396.
15. Marais R, Light Y, Mason C, Paterson H, Olson MF, Marshall CJ. Requirement of Ras-GTP-Raf complexes for activation of Raf-1 by protein kinase C. Science. 1998;280:109-112.
16. Kolch W, Heidecker G, Kochs G, et al. Protein kinase C alpha activates RAF-1 by direct phosphorylation. Nature. 1993;364:249-252.
17. Carroll MP, May WS. Protein kinase C-mediated serine phosphorylation directly activates Raf-1 in murine hematopoietic cells. J Biol Chem, 1994; 269:1249-1256.
18. Xia K, Mukhopadhyay NK, Inhorn RC, et al. The cytokine-activated tyrosine kinase JAK2 activates Raf-1 in a p21ras-dependent manner. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996;93:11681-11686.
19. Xing HR, Kolesnick R. Kinase suppressor of Ras signals through Thr269 of c-Raf-1. J Biol Chem. 2001;276:9733-9741.
20. Therrien M, Michaud NR, Rubin GM, Morrison DK. KSR modulates signal propagation within the MAPK cascade. Genes Dev. 1996;10:2684-2695.
21. Karandikar M, Xu S, Cobb MH. MEKK1 binds raf-1 and the ERK2 cascade components. J Biol Chem. 2000;275:40120-40127.
22. Skorski T, Nieborowska-Skorska M, Szczylik C, et al. C-RAF-1 serine/threonine kinase is required in BCR/ABL-dependent and normal hematopoiesis. Cancer Res. 1995;55:2275-2278.
23. Morrison D. 14-3-3: modulators of signaling proteins? Science. 1994;266:56-57.
24. Thorson JA, Yu LW, Hsu AL, et al. 14-3-3 proteins are required for maintenance of Raf-1 phosphorylation and kinase activity. Mol Cell Biol. 1998;18: 5229-5238.
25. Yeung K, Seitz T, Li S, et al. Suppression of Raf-1 kinase activity and MAP kinase signalling by RKIP. Nature. 1999;401:173-177.
26. Grammatikakis N, Lin JH, Grammatikakis A, Tsichlis PN, Cochran BH. p50(cdc37) acting in concert with HSP90 is required for Raf-1 function. Mol Cell Biol. 1999;19:1661-1672.
27. Stepanova L, Leng X, Parker SB, Harper JW. Mammalian p50Cdc37 is a protein kinase-targeting subunit of Hsp90 that binds and stabilizes Cdk4. Genes Dev. 1996;10:1491-1502.
28. Braselmann S, McCormick F. Bcr and Raf form a complex in vivo via 14-3-3 proteins. EMBO J. 1995;14:4839-4848.
29. Conklin DS, Galaktionov K, Beach D. 14-3-3 proteins associate with cdc25 phosphatases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995;92:7892-7896.
30. Avruch J, Khokhlatchev A, Kyriakis JM, et al. Ras activation of the Raf kinase: tyrosine kinase recruitment of the MAP kinase cascade. Recent Prog Horm Res, 2001;56:127-155.
31. Roy S, McPherson RA, Apolloni A, et al. 14-3-3 facilitates Ras-dependent Raf-1 activation in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cell Biol. 1998;18:3947-3955.
32. McPherson RA, Harding A, Roy S, Lane A, Hancock JF. Interactions of c-Raf-1 with phosphatidyl-serine and 14-3-3. Oncogene. 1999;18:3862-3869.
33. Dent P, Reardon DB, Morrison DK, Sturgill TW. Regulation of Raf-1 and Raf-1 mutants by Ras-dependent and Ras-independent mechanisms in vitro. Mol Cell Biol. 1995;15:4125-4135.
34. Catling AD, Schaeffer HJ, Reuter CW, Reddy GR, Weber MJ. A proline-rich sequence unique to MEK1 and MEK2 is required for raf binding and regulates MEK function. Mol Cell Biol. 1995;15: 5214-5225.
35. Huang W, Alessandrini A, Crews CM, Erikson RL. Raf-1 forms a stable complex with Mek1 and activates Mek1 by serine phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993;90:10947-10951.
36. Zimmermann S, Rommel C, Ziogas A, Lovric J, Moelling K, Radziwill G. MEK1 mediates a positive feedback on Raf-1 activity independently of Ras and Src. Oncogene. 1997;15:1503-1511.
37. Torti M, Marti KB, Altschuler D, Yamamoto K, Lapetina EG. Erythropoietin induces p21ras activation and p120GAP tyrosine phosphorylation in human erythroleukemia cells. J Biol Chem. 1992; 267:8293-8298.
38. Chen C, Sytkowski AJ. Erythropoietin activates two distinct signaling pathways required for the initiation and the elongation of c-myc. J Biol Chem. 2001;276:38518-38526.
39. Carroll MP, Spivak JL, McMahon M, Weich N, Rapp UR, May WS. Erythropoietin induces Raf-1 activation and Raf-1 is required for erythropoietin-mediated proliferation. J Biol Chem. 1991;266: 14964-14969.
40. Mayeux P, Dusanter-Fourt I, Muller O, et al. Erythropoietin induces the association of phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase with a tyrosine- phosphorylated protein complex containing the erythropoietin receptor. Eur J Biochem. 1993;216:821-828.
41. Marrero MB, Venema RC, Ma H, Ling BN, Eaton DC. Erythropoietin receptor-operated Ca2+ channels: activation by phospholipase C-gamma 1. Kidney Int. 1998;53:1259-1268.
42. Chern Y, Spangler R, Choi HS, Sytkowski AJ. Erythropoietin activates the receptor in both Rauscher and Friend murine erythroleukemia cells. J Biol Chem. 1991;266:2009-2012.
43. Choi HS, Wojehowski DM, Sytkowski AJ. Erythropoietin rapidly alters phosphorylation of pp43, an erythroid membrane protein. J Biol Chem. 1987; 262:293-2936.
44. Cui K, Coutts M, Stahl J, Sytkowski AJ. Novel interaction between the transcription factor CHOP (GADD153) and the ribosomal protein FTE/S3a modulates erythropoiesis. J Biol Chem. 2000; 275:7591-7596.
45. de Both NJ, Vermey M, van't Hull E, et al. A new erythroid cell line induced by Rauscher murine leukaemia virus. Nature. 1978;272:626-628.
46. Li Y, Davis KL, Sytkowski AJ. Protein kinase C-epsilon is necessary for erythropoietin's up-regulation of c-myc and for factor-dependent DNA synthesis: evidence for discrete signals for growth and differentiation. J Biol Chem. 1996; 271:27025-27030.
47. Spangler R, Bailey SC, Sytkowski AJ. Erythropoietin increases c-myc mRNA by a protein kinase C-dependent pathway. J Biol Chem. 1991;266: 681-684.
48. Sytkowski AJ, Salvado AJ, Smith GM, McIntyre CJ, de Both NJ. Erythroid differentiation of clonal Rauscher erythroleukemia cells in response to erythropoietin or dimethyl sulfoxide. Science. 1980;210:74-76.
49. Wartmann M, Hofer P, Turowski P, Saltiel AR, Hynes NE. Negative modulation of membrane localization of the Raf-1 protein kinase by hyperphosphorylation. J Biol Chem. 1997;272:3915-3923.
50. Moodie SA, Willumsen BM, Weber MJ, Wolfman A. Complexes of Ras GTP with Raf-1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase. Science. 1993;260: 1658-1661.
51. Xiang X, Zang M, Waelde CA, Wen R, Luo Z. Phosphorylation of 338SSYY341 regulates specific interaction between Raf-1 and MEK1. J Biol Chem. 2002;277:44996-45003.
52. Olah Z, Ferrier A, Lehel C, Anderson WB. The 33-kDa C-terminal domain of Raf-1 protein kinase exhibits a Ras-independent serum- and phorbol ester-induced shift in gel mobility. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995;214:340-347.
53. Cacace AM, Ueffing M, Philipp A, Han EK, Kolch W, Weinstein IB. PKC epsilon functions as an oncogene by enhancing activation of the Raf kinase. Oncogene. 1996;13:2517-2526.
54. Barber DL, Corless CN, Xia K, Roberts TM, D'Andrea AD. Erythropoietin activates Raf1 by an Shc-independent pathway in CTLL-EPO-R cells. Blood. 1997;89:55-64.
55. Nosaka Y, Arai A, Miyasaka N, Miura O. CrkL mediates Ras-dependent activation of the Raf/ERK pathway through the guanine nucleotide exchange factor C3G in hematopoietic cells stimulated with erythropoietin or interleukin-3. J Biol Chem. 1999;274:30154-30162.
56. Tilbrook PA, Palmer GA, Bittorf T, et al. Maturation of erythroid cells and erythroleukemia development are affected by the kinase activity of Lyn. Cancer Res. 2001;61:2453-2458.
57. Arai A, Kanda E, Miura O. Rac is activated by erythropoietin or inteleukin-3 and is involved in activation of the Erk signaling pathway. Oncogene. 2002;21:2641-2651.
58. Diaz B, Barnard D, Filson A, MacDonald S, King A, Marshall M. Phosphorylation of Raf-1 serine 338-serine 339 is an essential regulatory event for Ras-dependent activation and biological signaling. Mol Cell Biol. 1997;17:4509-4516.