KSR modulates signal propagation within the MAPK cascade

Genes and Development

Volumn 10, Issue 21, 1996, Pages 2684-2695

  Therrien, Marc ^a   Michaud, Neil R ^b   Rubin, Gerald M ^a   Morrison, Deborah K ^b  

^a USA   (United States)

^b NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

KSR; MAPK; MEK; Raf; Ras; signal transduction

Indexed keywords

MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; ONCOPROTEIN;

AMINO TERMINAL SEQUENCE; ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; CARBOXY TERMINAL SEQUENCE; CELL MATURATION; CELL TRANSFORMATION; NONHUMAN; ONCOGENE RAS; OOCYTE MATURATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DOMAIN; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; XENOPUS;

ANIMALIA; MURINAE;

EID: 0029850713     PISSN: 08909369     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1101/gad.10.21.2684     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Berg, J.M. 1986. Potential metal binding domains in nucleic acid binding proteins. Science 232: 485-487.
2. Birchmeier, C., D. Broek, and M. Wigler. 1985. Ras proteins can induce meiosis in Xenopus oocytes. Cell 43: 615-621.
3. Bowtell, D.D.L., T. Lila, W.M. Michael, D. Hackett, and G.M. Rubin. 1991. Analysis of the enhancer element that controls expression of sevenless in the developing Drosophila eye. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 88: 6853-6857.
4. Choi, K.Y., B. Satterberg, D.M. Lyons, and E.A. Elion. 1994. Ste5 tethers multiple protein kinases in the MAP kinase cascade required for mating in S. cerevisiae. Cell 78: 499-512.
5. Cowley, S., H. Paterson, P. Kemp, and C.J. Marshall. 1994. Activation of MAP kinase kinase is necessary and sufficient for PC 12 differentiation and for transformation of NIH 3T3 cells. Cell 77: 841-852.
6. Daar, I.O., G.A. White, S.M. Schuh, D.K. Ferris, and G.F. Vande Woude. 1991. tpr-met oncogene product induces maturation-promoting factor activation in Xenopus oocytes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11: 5985-5991.
7. Daum, G., I. Eisenmann-Tappe, H.W. Fries, J. Troppmair, and U.R. Rapp. 1994. The ins and outs of Raf kinases. Trends Biol. Sci. 19: 474-479.
8. Dent, P., Y.H. Chow, J. Wu, D.K. Morrison, R. Jove, and T.W. Sturgill. 1994. Expression, purification and characterization of recombinant mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases. Biochem. J. 303: 105-112.
9. Dickson, B.J., F. Sprenger, D.K. Morrison, and E. Hafen. 1992. Raf functions downstream of Ras1 in the Sevenless signal transduction pathway. Nature 360: 600-603.
10. Fabian, J.R., D.K. Morrison, and I. Daar. 1993. Requirement for Raf and MAP kinase function during the maturation of Xenopus oocytes. J. Cell. Biol. 122: 645-652.
11. Hanks, S.K., A.M. Quinn, and T. Hunter. 1988. The protein kinase family: Conserved features and deduced phylogeny of the catalytic domains. Science 241: 42-52.
12. Hofer, F., S. Fields, C. Schneider, and G.S. Martin. 1994. Activated Ras interacts with the Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 91: 11089-11093.
13. Kimmel, B.E., U. Heberlein, and G.M. Rubin. 1990. The homeo domain protein rough is expressed in a subset of cells in the developing Drosophila eye where it can specify photoreceptor cell subtype. Genes & Dev. 4: 712-727.
14. Kornfeld, K., D.B. Hom, and H.R. Horvitz. 1995. The kst-1 gene encodes a novel protein kinase involved in Ras-mediated signaling in C. elegans. Cell 83: 903-913.
15. Leevers, S.J., H.F. Paterson, and C.J. Marshall. 1994. Requirement for Ras in Raf activation is overcome by targeting Raf to the plasma membrane. Nature 369: 411-414.
16. Marshall, C.J. 1995. Specificity of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling: Transient versus sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation. Cell 80: 179-185.
17. Michaud, N.R., J.R. Fabian, K.D. Mathes, and D.K. Morrison. 1995. 14-3-3 is not essential for Raf-1 function: Identification of Raf-1 proteins that are biologically activated in a 14-3-3- and Ras-independent manner. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15: 3390-3397.
18. Moodie, S.A. and A. Wolfman. 1994. The 3Rrs of life: RAS, RAF and growth regulation. Trends Genet. 10: 44-48.
19. Moodie, S.A., B.M. Willumsen, M.J. Weber, and A. Wolfman. 1993. Complexes of Ras-GTP with Raf-1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase. Science 260: 1658-1661.
20. Parker, P.J., L. Coussens, N. Totty, L. Rhee, S. Young, E. Chen, S. Stabel, M.D. Waterfield, and A. Ullrich. 1986. The complete primary structure of protein kinase C, the major phorbol ester receptor. Science 233: 853-858.
21. Rodriguez-Viciana, P., P.H. Warne, R. Dhand, B. Vanhaesebroeck, I. Gout, M.J. Fry, M.D. Waterfield, and J. Downward. 1994. Phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase as a direct target of Ras. Nature 370: 527-532.
22. Sambrook, J., E.F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual, 2nd edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
23. Simon, M.A., D.D.L. Bowtell, G.S. Dodson, T.R. Laverty, and G.M. Rubin. 1991. Ras1 and a putative guanine nucleotide exchange factor perform crucial steps in signaling by the sevenless protein tyrosine kinase. Cell 67: 701-716.
24. Spaargaren, M. and J.R. Bischof. 1994. Identification of the guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator for Ral as a putative effector molecule of R-ras, H-ras and Rap. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 91: 12609-12613.
25. Spradling, A.C. and G.M. Rubin. 1982. Transposition of cloned P elements into Drosophila germ line chromosomes. Science 218: 341-347.
26. Sprenger, F., M.M. Trosclair, and D.K. Morrison. 1993. Biochemical analysis of Torso and D-Raf during Drosophila embryogenesis: Implications for terminal signal transduction. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13: 1163-1172.
27. Stokoe, D., S.G. Macdonald, K. Cadwallader, M. Symons, and J.F. Hancock. 1994. Activation of Raf as a result of recruitment to the plasma membrane. Science 264: 1463-1467.
28. Sundaram, M. and M. Han. 1995. The C. elegans ksr-1 gene encodes a novel Raf-related kinase involved in Ras-mediated signal transduction. Cell 83: 889-901.
29. Therrien, M., H.C. Chang, N.M. Solomon, F.D. Karim, D.A. Wassarman, and G.M. Rubin. 1995. KSR, a novel protein kinase required for RAS signal transduction. Cell 83: 879-888.
30. Tomlinson, A. and D.F. Ready. 1987. Cell fate in the Diosophila ommatidium. Dev. Biol. 123: 264-275.
31. Treisman, R. 1996. Regulation of transcription by MAP kinase cascades. Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol. 8: 205-215.
32. Waskiewicz, A.J. and J.A. Cooper. 1995. Mitogen and stress response pathways: MAP kinase cascades and phosphatase regulation in mammals and yeast. Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol. 7: 798-805.
33. Wassarman, D., M. Therrien, and G.M. Rubin. 1995. The Ras signaling pathway in Drosophila. Curr. Opin. Gen. Dev. 5: 44-50.
34. White, M.A., C. Nicolette, A. Minden, A. Polverino, L. Van Aelst, M. Karin, and M.H. Wigler. 1995. Multiple Ras function can contribute to mammalian cell transformation. Cell 80: 533-541.
35. Wigler, M., A. Pellicer, S. Silverstein, and R. Axel. 1978. Biochemical transfer of single-copy eucaryotic genes using total cellular DNA as donor. Cell 14: 725-731.