Recent advances in understanding of preeclampsia

Croatian Medical Journal

Volumn 46, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 728-736

  Bdolah, Yuval ^a   Karumanchi, S Ananth ^a   Sachs, Benjamin P ^a,b  

^a HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^b BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PLACENTAL GROWTH FACTOR; PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE; SOLUBLE FMS LIKE TYROSINE KINASE 1; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VASCULOTROPIN; VASCULOTROPIN RECEPTOR 1;

ANGIOGENESIS; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CYTOTROPHOBLAST; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; HYPOXIA; MATERNAL MORBIDITY; MATERNAL MORTALITY; NEWBORN MORTALITY; PATHOGENESIS; PREECLAMPSIA; PROTEINURIA; REPRODUCTION; REVIEW;

ANOXIA; FEMALE; HUMANS; NEOVASCULARIZATION, PHYSIOLOGIC; PLACENTA; PRE-ECLAMPSIA; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY PROTEINS; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR A;

EID: 26244444083     PISSN: 03539504     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (74)

1. Walker JJ. Pre-eclampsia. Lancet. 2000;356:1260-5.
2. Sibai BM, Caritis S, Hauth J. What we have learned about preeclampsia. Semin Perinatol. 2003;27:239-46.
3. Zhang J, Meikle S, Trumble A. Severe maternal morbidity associated with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy in the United States. Hypertens Pregnancy. 2003;22:203-12.
4. Arngrimsson R, Sigurard ttir S, Frigge ML, Bjarnad ttir RI, Jonsson T, Stefansson H, et al. A genome-wide scan reveals a maternal susceptibility locus for pre-eclampsia on chromosome 2p13. Hum Mol Genet. 1999;8:1799-805.
5. Lachmeijer AM, Arngrimsson R, Bastiaans EJ, Frigge ML, Pals G, Sigurdardottir S, et al. A genome-wide scan for preeclampsia in the Netherlands. Eur J Hum Genet. 2001;9:758-64.
6. Laasanen J, Hiltunen M, Romppanen EL, Punnonen K, Mannermaa A, Heinonen S. Microsatellite marker association at chromosome region 2p13 in Finnish patients with preeclampsia and obstetric cholestasis suggests a common risk locus. Eur J Hum Genet. 2003;11:232-6.
7. Lachmeijer AM, Dekker GA, Pals G, Aarnoudse JG, ten Kate LP, Arngrimsson R. Searching for preeclampsia genes: the current position. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2002;105:94-113.
8. Roberts JM, Cooper DW. Pathogenesis and genetics of pre-eclampsia. Lancet. 2001;357:53-6.
9. Woodage T, Venter JC, Broder S. Application of the human genome to obstetrics and gynecology. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2002;45:711-29.
10. Moses EK, Lade JA, Guo G, Wilton AN, Grehan M, Freed K, et al. A genome scan in families from Australia and New Zealand confirms the presence of a maternal susceptibility locus for pre-eclampsia, on chromosome 2. Am J Hum Genet. 2000;67:1581-5.
11. Chesley LC, Annitto JE, Cosgrove RA. The familial factor in toxemia of pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1968;32:303-11.
12. Ward K, Hata A, Jeunemaitre X, Helin C, Nelson L, Namikawa C, et al. A molecular variant of angiotensinogen associated with preeclampsia. Nat Genet. 1993;4:59-61.
13. Arngrimsson R, Purandare S, Connor M, Walker JJ, Bjornsson S, Soubrier F, et al. Angiotensinogen: a candidate gene involved in preeclampsia? Nat Genet. 1993;4:114-5.
14. Oudejans CB, Mulders J, Lachmeijer AM, van Dijk M, Konst AA, Westerman BA, et al. The parent-of-origin effect of 10q22 in pre-eclamptic females coincides with two regions clustered for genes with down-regulated expression in androgenetic placentas. Mol Hum Reprod. 2004;10:589-98.
15. van Dijk M, Mulders J, Poutsma A, Konst AA, Lachmeijer AM, Dekker GA, et al. Maternal segregation of the Dutch preeclampsia locus at 10q22 with a new member of the winged helix gene family. Nat Genet. 2005;37:514-9.
16. Maynard SE, Min JY, Merchan J, Lim KH, Li J, Mondal S, et al. Excess placental soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) may contribute to endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and proteinuria in preeclampsia. J Clin Invest. 2003;111:649-58.
17. Levine RJ, Maynard SE, Qian C, Lim KH, England LJ, Yu KF, et al. Circulating angiogenic factors and the risk of preeclampsia. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:672-83.
18. Bdolah Y, Sukhatme VP, Karumanchi SA. Angiogenic imbalance in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia: newer insights. Semin Nephrol. 2004;24:548-56.
19. Levine RJ, Thadhani R, Qian C, Lam C, Lim KH, Yu KF, et al. Urinary placental growth factor and risk of preeclampsia. JAMA. 2005;293:77-85.
20. Sugimoto H, Hamano Y, Charytan D, Cosgrove D, Kieran M, Sudhakar A, et al. Neutralization of circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by anti-VEGF antibodies and soluble VEGF receptor 1 (sFlt-1) induces proteinuria. J Biol Chem. 2003;278:12605-8.
21. Koga K, Osuga Y, Yoshino O, Hirota Y, Ruimeng X, Hirata T, et al. Elevated serum soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (sVEGFR-1) levels in women with preeclampsia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:2348-51.
22. Tsatsaris V, Coffin F, Munaut C, Brichant JF, Pignon MR, Noel A, et al. Overexpression of the soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor in preeclamptic patients: pathophysiological consequences. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:5555-63.
23. Polliotti BM, Fry AG, Sailer DN, Mooney RA, Cox C, Miller RK. Second-trimester maternal serum placental growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor for predicting severe, early-onset preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;101:1266-74.
24. Chaiworapongsa T, Romero R, Espinoza J, Bujold E, Mee Kim Y, Goncalves LF, et al. Evidence supporting a role for blockade of the vascular endothelial growth factor system in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Young Investigator Award. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;190:1541-7.
25. Nagamatsu T, Fujii T, Kusumi M, Zou L, Yamashita T, Osuga Y, et al. Cytotrophoblasts up-regulate soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 expression under reduced oxygen: an implication for the placental vascular development and the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Endocrinology. 2004;145:4838-45.
26. Karumanchi SA, Bdolah Y. Hypoxia and sFlt-1 in preeclampsia: the "chicken-and-egg" question. Endocrinology. 2004;145:4835-7.
27. Ahmad S, Ahmed A. Elevated placental soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 inhibits angiogenesis in preeclampsia. Circ Res. 2004;95:884-91.
28. Cross JC, Werb Z, Fisher SJ. Implantation and the placenta: key pieces of the development puzzle. Science. 1994;266:1508-18.
29. Leiser R, Luckhardt M, Kaufmann P, Winterhager E, Bruns U. The fetal vascularisation of term human placental villi. I. Peripheral stem villi. Anat Embryol (Berl). 1985;173:71-80.
30. Kaufmann P, Bruns U, Leiser R, Luckhardt M, Winterhager E. The fetal vascularisation of term human placental villi. II. Intermediate and terminal villi. Anat Embryol (Berl). 1985;173:203-14.
31. Damsky CH, Fisher SJ. Trophoblast pseudo-vasculogenesis: faking it with endothelial adhesion receptors. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1998;10:660-6.
32. Zhou Y, Damsky CH, Fisher SJ. Preeclampsia is associated with failure of human cytotrophoblasts to mimic a vascular adhesion phenotype. One cause of defective endovascular invasion in this syndrome? J Clin Invest. 1997;99:2152-64.
33. Zhou Y, Fisher SJ, Janatpour M, Genbacev O, Dejana E, Wheelock M, et al. Human cytotrophoblasts adopt a vascular phenotype as they differentiate. A strategy for successful endovascular invasion? J Clin Invest. 1997;99:2139-51.
34. Zhou Y, Genbacev O, Fisher SJ. The human placenta remodels the uterus by using a combination of molecules that govern vasculogenesis or leukocyte extravasation. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003;995:73-83.
35. Zhou Y, Bellingard V, Feng KT, McMaster M, Fisher SJ. Human cytotrophoblasts promote endothelial survival and vascular remodeling through secretion of Ang2, PIGF, and VEGF-C. Dev Biol. 2003;263:114-25.
36. Geva E, Ginzinger DG, Zaloudek CJ, Moore DH, Byrne A, Jaffe RB. Human placental vascular development: vasculogenic and angiogenic (branching and non-branching) transformation is regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor-A, angiopoietin-1, and angiopoietin-2. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:4213-24.
37. Goldman-Wohl DS, Ariel I, Greenfield C, Lavy Y, Yagel S. Tie-2 and angiopoietin-2 expression at the fetal-maternal interface: a receptor ligand model for vascular remodelling. Mol Hum Reprod. 2000;6:81-7.
38. Dunk C, Shams M, Nijjar S, Rhaman M, Qiu Y, Bussolati B, et al. Angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2 activate trophoblast Tie-2 to promote growth and migration during placental development. Am J Pathol. 2000;156:2185-99.
39. Wulff C, Wilson H, Dickson SE, Wiegand SJ, Fraser HM. Hemochorial placentation in the primate: expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietins, and their receptors throughout pregnancy. Biol Reprod. 2002;66:802-12.
40. Shibuya M. Structure and function of VEGF/VEGF-receptor system involved in angiogenesis. Cell Struct Funct. 2001;26:25-35.
41. Clark DE, Smith SK, He Y, Day KA, Licence DR, Corps AN, et al. A vascular endothelial growth factor antagonist is produced by the human placenta and released into the maternal circulation. Biol Reprod. 1998;59:1540-8.
42. Banks RE, Forbes MA, Searles J, Pappin D, Canas B, Rahman D, et al. Evidence for the existence of a novel pregnancy-associated soluble variant of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, Flt-1. Mol Hum Reprod. 1998;4:377-86.
43. Hornig C, Barleon B, Ahmad S, Vuorela P, Ahmed A, Weich HA. Release and complex formation of soluble VEGFR-1 from endothelial cells and biological fluids. Lab Invest. 2000;80:443-54.
44. Ferris TF. Pregnancy, preeclampsia, and the endothelial cell. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:1439-40.
45. Roberts JM, Taylor RN, Musci TJ, Rodgers GM, Hubel CA, McLaughlin MK. Preeclampsia: an endothelial cell disorder. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1989;161:1200.
46. Taylor RN, Grimwood J, Taylor RS, McMaster MT, Fisher SJ, North RA. Longitudinal serum concentrations of placental growth factor: evidence for abnormal placental angiogenesis in pathologic pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;188:177-82.
47. Thadhani R, Mutter WP, Wolf M, Levine RJ, Taylor RN, Sukhatme VP, et al. First trimester placental growth factor and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 and risk for preeclampsia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:770-5.
48. Torry DS, Wang HS, Wang TH, Caudle MR, Torry RJ. Preeclampsia is associated with reduced serum levels of placenta growth factor. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998;179(6 Pt 1):1539-44.
49. Tidwell SC, Ho HN, Chiu WH, Torry RJ, Torry DS. Low maternal serum levels of placenta growth factor as an antecedent of clinical preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001;184:1267-72.
50. Buhimschi CS, Norwitz ER, Funai E, Richman S, Guller S, Lockwood CJ, et al. Urinary angiogenic factors cluster hypertensive disorders and identify women with severe preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;192:734-41.
51. Brosens IA, Robertson WB, Dixon HG. The role of the spiral arteries in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol Annu. 1972;1:177-91.
52. Genbacev O, Zhou Y, Ludlow JW, Fisher SJ. Regulation of human placental development by oxygen tension. Science. 1997;277:1669-72.
53. Lunell NO, Lewander R, Mamoun I, Nylund L, Sarby S, Thornstrom S. Uteroplacental blood flow in pregnancy induced hypertension. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl. 1984;169:28-35.
54. Ogden E, Hildebrand GJ, Page EW. Rise of blood pressure during ischemia of the gravid uterus. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1940;43:49-51.
55. Anderson GR, Stoler DL, Scarcello LA. Normal fibroblasts responding to anoxia exhibit features of the malignant phenotype. J Biol Chem. 1989;264:14885-92.
56. Heacock CS, Sutherland RM. Induction characteristics of oxygen regulated proteins. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1986;12:1287-90.
57. Sciandra JJ, Subjeck JR, Hughes CS. Induction of glucose-regulated proteins during anaerobic exposure and of heat-shock proteins after reoxygenation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984;81:4843-7.
58. Vass K, Welch WJ, Nowak TS Jr. Localization of 70-kDa stress protein induction in gerbil brain after ischemia. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1988;77:128-35.
59. Gething MJ, Sambrook J. Protein folding in the cell. Nature. 1992;355:33-45.
60. Kourembanas S, Marsden PA, McQuillan LP, Faller DV. Hypoxia induces endothelin gene expression and secretion in cultured human endothelium. J Clin Invest. 1991;88:1054-7.
61. Shweiki D, Itin A, Soffer D, Keshet E. Vascular endothelial growth factor induced by hypoxia may mediate hypoxia-initiated angiogenesis. Nature. 1992;359:843-5.
62. Shreeniwas R, Koga S, Karakurum M, Pinsky D, Kaiser E, Brett J, et al. Hypoxia-mediated induction of endothelial cell interleukin-1 alpha. An autocrine mechanism promoting expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules on the vessel surface. J Clin Invest. 1992;90:2333-9.
63. Kourembanas S, Hannan RL, Faller DV. Oxygen tension regulates the expression of the platelet-derived growth factor-B chain gene in human endothelial cells. J Clin Invest. 1990;86:670-4.
64. Rajakumar A, Conrad KP. Expression, ontogeny, and regulation of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors in the human placenta. Biol Reprod. 2000;63:559-69.
65. Rajakumar A, Whitelock KA, Weissfeld LA, Daftary AR, Markovic N, Conrad KP. Selective overexpression of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor, HIF-2alpha, in placentas from women with preeclampsia. Biol Reprod. 2001;64:499-506.
66. Rajakumar A, Doty K, Daftary A, Harger G, Conrad KP. Impaired oxygen-dependent reduction of HIF-1 alpha and -2alpha proteins in pre-eclamptic placentae. Placenta. 2003;24:199-208.
67. Forsythe JA, Jiang BH, Iyer NV, Agani F, Leung SW, Koos RD, et al. Activation of vascular endothelial growth factor gene transcription by hypoxia-inducible factor 1. Mol Cell Biol. 1996;16:4604-13.
68. Gerber HP, Condorelli F, Park J, Ferrara N. Differential transcriptional regulation of the two vascular endothelial growth factor receptor genes. Flt-1, but not Flk-1/KDR, is up-regulated by hypoxia. J Biol Chem. 1997;272:23659-67.
69. Zhou Y, Damsky CH, Chiu K, Roberts JM, Fisher SJ. Preeclampsia is associated with abnormal expression of adhesion molecules by invasive cytotrophoblasts. J Clin Invest. 1993;91:950-60.
70. Damsky CH, Librach C, Lim KH, Fitzgerald ML, McMaster MT, Janatpour M, et al. Integrin switching regulates normal trophoblast invasion. Development. 1994;120:3657-66.
71. Damsky CH, Fitzgerald ML, Fisher SJ. Distribution patterns of extracellular matrix components and adhesion receptors are intricately modulated during first trimester cytotrophoblast differentiation along the invasive pathway, in vivo. J Clin Invest. 1992;89:210-22.
72. Zhou Y, McMaster M, Woo K, Janatpour M, Perry J, Karpanen T, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor ligands and receptors that regulate human cytotrophoblast survival are dysregulated in severe preeclampsia and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome. Am J Pathol. 2002;160:1405-23.
73. Bdolah Y, Shivalingappa V, Sachs BP, Soares M, Karumanchi SA. Evidence for rat trophoblast pseudovasculogenesis in a cell culture. J Soc Gynecol Investig. 2004;11:346A.
74. Conde-Agudelo A, Villar J, Lindheimer M. World Health Organization systematic review of screening tests for preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol. 2004;104:1367-91.