Expression of the proto-oncogene Fos after exposure to radiofrequency radiation relevant to wireless communications

Radiation Research

Volumn 164, Issue 4 I, 2005, Pages 420-430

  Whitehead, Timothy D ^a   Brownstein, Bernard H ^a   Parry, Jesse J ^a   Thompson, Dominic ^a   Cha, Bibianna A ^a   Moros, Eduardo G ^a   Rogers, Buck E ^a   Roti Roti, Joseph L ^a,b  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b Radiat and Cancer Biology Division   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MESSENGER RNA;

ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; CARCINOGENESIS; CELL GROWTH; CONTROLLED STUDY; GENE EXPRESSION; MOBILE PHONE; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; NORTHERN BLOTTING; ONCOGENE C FOS; ONCOGENE C JUN; ONCOGENE MYC; PH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTO ONCOGENE; RADIATION DOSE; RADIATION EXPOSURE; RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION; REAL TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SERUM;

ANIMALS; CELL PROLIFERATION; CELLS, CULTURED; CELLULAR PHONE; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, RADIATION; GENES, FOS; HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION; MICE; RADIO WAVES;

EID: 25444469963     PISSN: 00337587     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1667/RR3446.1     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. R. W. Habash, L. M. Brodsky, W. Leiss, D. Krewski and M. Repacholi, Health risks of electromagnetic fields. Part 11: Evaluation and assessment of radio frequency radiation. Crit. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 31, 197-254 (2003).
2. R. W. Habash, L. M. Brodsky, W. Leiss, D. Krewski and M. Repacholi. Health risks of electromagnetic fields. Part 1: Evaluation and assessment of electric and magnetic fields. Crit. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 31, 141-195 (2003).
3. L. M. Brodsky, R. W. Habash, W. Leiss, D. Krewski and M. Repacholi, Health risks of electromagnetic fields. Part III: Risk analysis. Crit. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 31, 333-354 (2003).
4. H. Lai and N. P. Singh, Acute low-intensity microwave exposure increases DNA single-strand breaks in rat brain cells. Bioelectromagnetics 16, 207-210 (1995).
5. H. Lai and N. P. Singh. Single- and double-strand DNA breaks in rat brain cells after acute exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 69, 513-521 (1996).
6. H. Lai and N. P. Singh, Acute exposure to a 60 Hz magnetic field increases DNA strand breaks in rat brain cells. Bioelectromagnetics 18, 156-165 (1997).
7. R. S. Malyapa, E. W. Ahern, W. L. Straube, E. G. Moros, W. F. Pickard and J. L. Roti Roti, Measurement of DNA damage after exposure to electromagnetic radiation in the cellular phone communication frequency band (835.62 and 847.74 MHz). Radiat. Res. 148, 618-627 (1997).
8. R. S. Malyapa, C. Bi, E. W. Ahern and J. L. Roti Roti, Detection of DNA damage by the alkaline comet assay after exposure to low-dose gamma radiation. Radiat. Res. 149, 396-400 (1998);
9. Erratum, Radiat. Res. 149, 53 (1998).
10. I. Lagroye, R. Anane, B. A. Wettring, E. G. Moros, W. L. Straube, M. Laregina, M. Niehoff, W. F. Pickard, J. Baty and J. L. Roti Roti, Measurement of DNA damage after acute exposure to pulsed-wave 2450 MHz microwaves in rat brain cells by two alkaline comet assay methods. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 80, 11-20 (2004).
11. I. Trosic, I. Busljeta, V. Kasuba and R. Rozgaj, Micronucleus induction after whole-body microwave irradiation of rats. Mutat. Res. 521, 73-79 (2002).
12. R. R. Tice, G. G. Hook, M. Donner, D. I. Mcree and A. W. Guy, Genotoxicity of radiofrequency signals. I. Investigation of DNA damage and micronuclei induction in cultured human blood cells. Bioelectromagnetics 23, 113-126 (2002).
13. M. Mashevich, D. Folkman, A. Kesar, A. Barbul, R. Korenstein, E. Jerby and L. Avivi, Exposure of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to electromagnetic fields associated with cellular phones leads to chromosomal instability. Bioelectromagnetics 24, 82-90 (2003).
14. J. L. Phillips, O. Ivaschuk, T. Ishida-Jones, R. A. Jones, M. Campbell-Beachler and W. Haggren, DNA damage in Molt-4 T-lymphoblastoid cells exposed to cellular telephone radiofrequency fields in vitro. Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg. 45, 103-110 (1998).
15. I. Lagroye, G. J. Hook, B. A. Wettring, J. D. Baty, E. G. Moros, W. L. Straube and J. L. Roti Roti, Measurements of alkali-labile DNA damage and protein-DNA crosslinks after 2450 MHz microwave and low-dose gamma irradiation in vitro. Radiat. Res. 161, 201-214 (2004).
16. G. J. Hook, P. Zhang, I. Lagroye, L. Li, R. Higashikubo, E. G. Moros, W. L. Straube, W. F. Pickard, J. D. Baty and J. L. Roti Roti, Measurement of DNA damage and apoptosis in Molt-4 cells after in vitro exposure to radiofrequency radiation. Radiat. Res. 161, 193-200 (2004).
17. Vijayalaxmi, K. S. Bisht, W. F. Pickard, M. L. Meltz, J. L. Roti Roti and E. G. Moros, Chromosome damage and micronucleus formation in human blood lymphocytes exposed in vitro to radiofrequency radiation at a cellular telephone frequency (847.74 MHz, CDMA). Radiat. Res. 156, 430-433 (2001).
18. Vijayalaxmi, B. Z. Leal, M. L. Meltz, W. F. Pickard, K. S. Bisht, J. L. Roti Roti, W. L. Straube and E. G. Moros, Cytogenetic studies in human blood lymphocytes exposed in vitro to radiofrequency radiation at a cellular telephone frequency (835.62 MHz, FDMA). Radiat. Res. 155, 113-121 (2001).
19. K. S. Bisht, E. G. Moros, W. L. Straube, J. D. Baty and J. L. Roti Roti, The effect of 835.62 MHz FDMA or 847.74 MHz CDMA modulated radiofrequency radiation on the induction of micronuclei in C3H 10T1/2 cells. Radiat. Res. 157, 506-515 (2002).
20. A. Maes, M. Collier and L. Verschaeve, Cytogenetic effects of 900 MHz (GSM) microwaves on human lymphocytes. Bioelectroinagnetics 22, 91-96 (2001).
21. J. P. McNamee, P. V. Bellier, G. B. Gajda, S. M. Miller, E. P. Lemay, B. F. Lavallee, L. Marro and A. Thansandote, DNA damage and micronucleus induction in human leukocytes after acute in vitro exposure to a 1.9 GHz continuous-wave radiofrequency field. Radiat. Res. 158, 523-533 (2002).
22. J. P. McNamee, P. V. Bellier, G. B. Gajda, B. F. Lavallee, E. P. Lemay, L. Marro and A. Thansandote, DNA damage in human leukocytes after acute in vitro exposure to a 1.9 GHz pulse-modulated radiofrequency field. Radiat. Res. 158, 534-537 (2002).
23. J. P. McNamee, P. V. Bellier, G. B. Gajda, B. F. Lavallee, L. Marro, E. Lemay and A. Thansandote, No evidence for genotoxic effects from 24 h exposure of human leukocytes to 1.9 GHz radiofrequency fields. Radiat. Res. 159, 693-697 (2003).
24. M. H. Repacholi, A. Basten, V. Gebski, D. Noonan, J. Finnie and A. W. Harris, Lymphomas in Eμ-Piml transgenic mice exposed to pulsed 900 MHZ electromagnetic fields. Radial. Rex. 147, 631-640 (1997).
25. W. R. Adey, C. V. Byus, C. D. Cain, R. J. Higgins, R. A. Jones, C. J. Kean, N. Kuster, A. MacMurray, R. B. Stagg and G. Zimmerman, Spontaneous and nitrosourea-induced primary tumors of the central nervous system in Fischer 344 rats exposed to frequency-modulated microwave fields. Cancer Res. 60, 1857-1863 (2000).
26. W. R. Adey, C. V. Byus, C. D. Cain, R. J. Higgins, R. A. Jones, C. J. Kean, N. Kuster, A. MacMurray, R. B. Stagg and G. Zimmerman, Spontaneous and nitrosourea-induced primary tumors of the central nervous system in Fischer 344 rats chronically exposed to 836 MHz modulated microwaves. Radiat. Res. 152, 293-302 (1999).
27. B. C. Zook and S. J. Simmens, The effects of 860 MHz radiofrequency radiation on the induction or promotion of brain tumors and other neoplasms in rats. Radiat. Res. 155, 572-583 (2001).
28. S. Takahashi, S. Inaguma, Y. M. Cho, K. Imaida, J. Wang, O. Fujiwara and T. Shirai, Lack of mutation induction with exposure to 1.5 GHz electromagnetic near fields used for cellular phones in brains of Big Blue mice. Cancer Res. 62, 1956-1960 (2002).
29. M. R. Frei, R. E. Berger, S. J. Dusch, V. Guel, J. R. Jauchem, J. H. Merritt and M. A. Stedham, Chronic exposure of cancer-prone mice to low-level 2450 MHz radiofrequency radiation. Bioelectromagnetics 19, 20-31 (1998).
30. T. D. Utteridge, V. Gebski, J. W. Finnie, B. Vernon-Roberts and T. R. Kuchel, Long-term exposure of Eμ-Piml transgenic mice to 898.4 MHz microwaves does not increase lymphoma incidence. Radiat. Res. 158, 357-364 (2002).
31. M. R. Frei, J. R. Jauchem, S. J. Dusch, J. H. Merritt, R. E. Berger and M. A. Stedham, Chronic, low-level (1.0 W/kg) exposure of mice prone to mammary cancer to 2450 MHz microwaves. Radiat. Res. 150, 568-576 (1998).
32. J. C. Toler, W. W. Shelton, M. R. Frei, J. H. Merritt and M. A. Stedham, Long-term, low-level exposure of mice prone to mammary tumors to 435 MHz radiofrequency radiation. Radiat. Res. 148, 227-234 (1997).
33. L. E. Anderson, D. M. Sheen, B. W. Wilson, S. L. Grumbein, J. A. Creim and L. B. Sasser, Two-year chronic bioassay study of rats exposed to a 1.6 GHz radiofrequency signal. Radiat. Res. 162, 201-210 (2004).
34. R. Anane, P. E. Dulou, M. Taxile, M. Geffard, F. L. Crespeau and B. Veyret, Effects of GSM-900 microwaves on DMBA-induced mammary gland tumors in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Radiat. Res. 160, 492-497 (2003).
35. H. Bartsch, C. Bartsch, E. Seebald, F. Deerberg, K. Dietz, L. Vollrath and D. Mecke, Chronic exposure to a GSM-like signal (mobile phone) does not stimulate the development of DMBA-induced mammary tumors in rats: results of three consecutive studies. Radiat. Res. 157, 183-190 (2002).
36. M. La Regina, E. G. Moros, W. F. Pickard, W. L. Straube, J. Baty and J. L. Roti Roti, The effect of chronic exposure to 835.62 MHz FDMA or 847.74 MHz CDMA radiofrequency radiation on the incidence of spontaneous tumors in rats. Radiât. Res. 160, 143-151 (2003).
37. O. I. Ivaschuk, R. A. Jones, T. Ishida-Jones, W. Haggren, W. R. Adey and J. L. Phillips, Exposure of nerve growth factor-treated PC 12 rat pheochromocytoma cells to a modulated radiofrequency field at 836.55 MHz: effects on c-jun and Fos expression. Bioelectromagnetics 18, 223-229 (1997).
38. J. Czyz, K. Guan, Q. Zeng, T. Nikolova, A. Meister, F. Schonborn, J. Schuderer, N. Kuster and A. M. Wobus, High frequency electromagnetic fields (GSM signals) affect gene expression levels in tumor suppressor p53-deficient embryonic stem cells. Bioelectmmagnetics 25, 296-307 (2004).
39. J. R. Li, C. K. Chou, J. A. McDougall, G. Dasgupta, H. H. Wu, R. L. Ren, A. Lee, J. Han and J. Momand, TP53 tumor suppressor protein in normal human fibroblasts does not respond to 837 MHz microwave exposure. Radiat. Res. 151, 710-716 (1999).
40. P. C. Goswami, L. D. Albee, A. J. Parsian, J. D. Baty, E. G. Moros, W. F. Pickard, J. L. Roti Roti and C. R. Hunt, Proto-oncogene mRNA levels and activities of multiple transcription factors in C3H 10T1/2 murine embryonic fibroblasts exposed to 835.62 and 847.74 MHz cellular phone communication frequency radiation. Radiat. Res. 151, 300-309 (1999).
41. E. G. Moros, W. L. Straube and W. F. Pickard, The radial transmission line as a broad-band shielded exposure system for microwave irradiation of large numbers of culture flasks. Bioelectromagnetics 20, 65-80 (1999).
42. E. G. Moros, W. L. Straube and W. F. Pickard, A compact shielded exposure system for the simultaneous long-term UHF irradiation of forty small mammals: I. Electromagnetic and environmental design. Bioelectmmagnetics 19, 459-468 (1998).
43. W. F. Pickard, W. L. Straube, E. G. Moros and X. Fan, Simplified model and measurement of specific absorption rate distribution in a culture flask within a transverse electromagnetic mode exposure system. Bioelectromagnetics 20, 183-193 (1999).
44. W. F. Pickard, W. L. Straube and E. G. Moros, Experimental and numerical determination of SAR distributions within culture flasks in a dielectric loaded radial transmission line. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 47, 202-208 (2000).
45. F. Schonborn, K. Pokovic, M. Burkhardt and N. Kuster, Basis for optimization of in vitro exposure apparatus for health hazard evaluations of mobile communications. Bioelectromagnetics 22, 547-559 (2001).
46. C. Abate, D. Luk, R. Gentz, F. J. Rauscher, 3rd and T. Curran, Expression and purification of the leucine zipper and DNA-binding domains of Eos and Jun: Both Eos and Jun contact DNA directly. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 1032-1036 (1990).
47. J. Fitzgerald and M. Hughes-Fulford, Gravitational loading of a simulated launch alters mRNA expression in osteoblasts. Exp. Cell Res. 228, 168-171 (1996).
48. J. C. Sng, H. Taniura and Y. Yoneda, A tale of early response genes. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 27, 606-612 (2004).
49. R. R. Tjandrawinata, V. L. Vincent and M. Hughes-Fulford, Vibrational force alters mRNA expression in osteoblasts. FASEB J. 11, 493-497 (1997).
50. R. Eferl and E. F. Wagner, AP-1: A double-edged sword in tumorigenesis. Nat. Rev. Cancer 3, 859-868 (2003).
51. H. Bassen, T. Litovitz, M. Penafiel and R. Meister, ELF in vitro exposure systems for inducing uniform electric and magnetic fields in cell culture media. Bioelectromagnetics 13, 183-198 (1992).
52. I. Belyaev, I. M. Spivak, A. Kolman and M. Harms-Ringdahl, Relationship between radiation induced adaptive response in human fibroblasts and changes in chromatin conformation. Mutat. Res. 358, 223-230 (1996).
53. I. Y. Belyaev and E. D. Alipov, Frequency-dependent effects of ELF magnetic field on chromatin conformation in Escherichia coli cells and human lymphocytes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1526, 269-276 (2001).
54. V. N. Binhi and R. J. Goldman, Ion-protein dissociation predicts 'windows' in electric field-induced wound-cell proliferation. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1474, 147-156 (2000).
55. V. N. Binhi, Y. D. Alipov and I. Y. Belyaev, Effect of static magnetic field on E. coli cells and individual rotations of ion-protein complexes. Bioelectromagnetics 22, 79-86 (2001).
56. W. Sontag, Release of mediators by DMSO-differentiated HL-60 cells exposed to electric interferential current and the requirement of biochemical prestimulation. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 77, 723-734 (2001).
57. M. Campbell-Beachler, T. Ishida-Jones, W. Haggren and J. L. Phillips, Effect of 60 Hz magnetic field exposure on c-fos expression in stimulated PC12 cells. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 189, 107-111 (1998).