메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 30, Issue 17, 2005, Pages 1924-1932

Transient cervical nerve root compression in the rat induces bilateral forepaw allodynia and spinal glial activation: Mechanical factors in painful neck injuries

Author keywords

Allodynia; Biomechanics; Cervical; Glia; Neck pain; Nerve root; Radiculopathy

Indexed keywords

CD11B ANTIGEN; GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN;

EID: 24744470059     PISSN: 03622436     EISSN: 15281159     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.brs.0000176239.72928.00     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (75)

References (51)
  • 1
    • 0032944285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review and methodologic critique of the literature refuting whiplash syndrome
    • Freeman MD, Croft AC, Rossignol AM, et al. A review and methodologic critique of the literature refuting whiplash syndrome. Spine 1999;24:86-96.
    • (1999) Spine , vol.24 , pp. 86-96
    • Freeman, M.D.1    Croft, A.C.2    Rossignol, A.M.3
  • 2
    • 0033967481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canal geometry changes associated with axial compressive cervical spine fracture
    • Carter JW, Mirza SK, Tencer AF, et al. Canal geometry changes associated with axial compressive cervical spine fracture. Spine 2000;25:46-54.
    • (2000) Spine , vol.25 , pp. 46-54
    • Carter, J.W.1    Mirza, S.K.2    Tencer, A.F.3
  • 3
    • 0036059414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Injuries to the cervical spine in American football players
    • Torg JS, Guille JT, Jaffe S. Injuries to the cervical spine in American football players. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002;84:112-22.
    • (2002) J Bone Joint Surg Am , vol.84 , pp. 112-122
    • Torg, J.S.1    Guille, J.T.2    Jaffe, S.3
  • 4
    • 0032054292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cervical spine vertebral and facet joint kinematics under whiplash
    • Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Klienberger M. Cervical spine vertebral and facet joint kinematics under whiplash. J Biomech Eng 1998;120:305-7.
    • (1998) J Biomech Eng , vol.120 , pp. 305-307
    • Yoganandan, N.1    Pintar, F.A.2    Klienberger, M.3
  • 5
    • 0035478783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanical evidence of cervical facet capsule injury during whiplash
    • Siegmund GP, Myers BS, Davis MB, et al. Mechanical evidence of cervical facet capsule injury during whiplash. Spine 2001;26:2095-101.
    • (2001) Spine , vol.26 , pp. 2095-2101
    • Siegmund, G.P.1    Myers, B.S.2    Davis, M.B.3
  • 6
    • 0034775453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MR imaging of alar ligament in whiplash-associated disorders: An observer study
    • Wilmink JT, Patijn J. MR imaging of alar ligament in whiplash-associated disorders: An observer study. Neuroradiology 2001;43:859-63.
    • (2001) Neuroradiology , vol.43 , pp. 859-863
    • Wilmink, J.T.1    Patijn, J.2
  • 7
    • 0036375336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whiplash: A biochemical study of muscle injury
    • Sanderson SS. Whiplash: A biochemical study of muscle injury. Eur Spine J 2002;11:389-92.
    • (2002) Eur Spine J , vol.11 , pp. 389-392
    • Sanderson, S.S.1
  • 8
    • 0036123303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of mechanical deformation in lumbar radiculopathy
    • Winkelstein BA, Weinstein JN, DeLeo JA. The role of mechanical deformation in lumbar radiculopathy. Spine 2002;1:27-33.
    • (2002) Spine , vol.1 , pp. 27-33
    • Winkelstein, B.A.1    Weinstein, J.N.2    DeLeo, J.A.3
  • 9
    • 0037086606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural space integrity of the lower cervical spine: Effect of normal range of motion
    • Nuckley DJ, Konodi MA, Raynak GC, et al. Neural space integrity of the lower cervical spine: Effect of normal range of motion. Spine 2002;27: 587-95.
    • (2002) Spine , vol.27 , pp. 587-595
    • Nuckley, D.J.1    Konodi, M.A.2    Raynak, G.C.3
  • 10
    • 0032978701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of site and type of nerve injury on spinal glial activation and neuropathic pain behavior
    • Colburn RW, Rickman AJ, DeLeo JA. The effect of site and type of nerve injury on spinal glial activation and neuropathic pain behavior. Exp Neurol 1999;157:289-304.
    • (1999) Exp Neurol , vol.157 , pp. 289-304
    • Colburn, R.W.1    Rickman, A.J.2    DeLeo, J.A.3
  • 11
    • 0034657820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal glial activation and cytokine expression after lumbar root injury in the rat
    • Hashizume H, DeLeo JA, Colburn RW, et al. Spinal glial activation and cytokine expression after lumbar root injury in the rat. Spine 2000;25: 1206-17.
    • (2000) Spine , vol.25 , pp. 1206-1217
    • Hashizume, H.1    DeLeo, J.A.2    Colburn, R.W.3
  • 12
    • 0035888956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of neural tissue injury in a rat radiculopathy model: Comparison of local deformation, behavioral outcomes, and spinal cytokine mRNA for two surgeons
    • Winkelstein BA, Rutkowski MD, Weinstein JN, et al. Quantification of neural tissue injury in a rat radiculopathy model: Comparison of local deformation, behavioral outcomes, and spinal cytokine mRNA for two surgeons. J Neurosci Methods 2001;111:49-57.
    • (2001) J Neurosci Methods , vol.111 , pp. 49-57
    • Winkelstein, B.A.1    Rutkowski, M.D.2    Weinstein, J.N.3
  • 13
    • 0036434754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In situ strain and stress of nerve conduction blocking in the brachial plexus
    • Takai S, Dohno H, Watanabe Y, et al. In situ strain and stress of nerve conduction blocking in the brachial plexus. J Orthop Res 2002;20:1311-4.
    • (2002) J Orthop Res , vol.20 , pp. 1311-1314
    • Takai, S.1    Dohno, H.2    Watanabe, Y.3
  • 14
    • 0142102413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avulsion injury of the rat brachial plexus triggers hyperalgesia and allodynia in the hindpaws: A new model for the study of neuropathic pain
    • Rodrigues-Filho R, Santos A, Bertelli J, et al. Avulsion injury of the rat brachial plexus triggers hyperalgesia and allodynia in the hindpaws: A new model for the study of neuropathic pain. Brain Res 2003;982:186-94.
    • (2003) Brain Res , vol.982 , pp. 186-194
    • Rodrigues-Filho, R.1    Santos, A.2    Bertelli, J.3
  • 15
    • 0034688281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional regeneration of sensory axons into the adult spinal cord
    • Ramer MS, Priestley JV, McMahon SB. Functional regeneration of sensory axons into the adult spinal cord. Nature 2000;403:312-6.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.403 , pp. 312-316
    • Ramer, M.S.1    Priestley, J.V.2    McMahon, S.B.3
  • 16
    • 0034016292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Injury to dorsal root ganglia alters innervation of spinal cord dorsal horn lamina involved in nociception
    • Nakamura SI, Myers RR. Injury to dorsal root ganglia alters innervation of spinal cord dorsal horn lamina involved in nociception. Spine 2000;25: 537-42.
    • (2000) Spine , vol.25 , pp. 537-542
    • Nakamura, S.I.1    Myers, R.R.2
  • 17
    • 0035478262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeated injury to the lumbar nerve roots produces enhanced mechanical allodynia and persistent spinal neuroinflammation
    • Hunt J, Winkelstein B, Rutowski M, et al. Repeated injury to the lumbar nerve roots produces enhanced mechanical allodynia and persistent spinal neuroinflammation. Spine 2001;19:2073-9.
    • (2001) Spine , vol.19 , pp. 2073-2079
    • Hunt, J.1    Winkelstein, B.2    Rutowski, M.3
  • 18
    • 0035888084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nerve injury proximal or distal to the DRG induces similar spinal glial activation and selective cytokine expression but differential behavioral responses to pharmacologic treatment
    • Winkelstein BA, Rutkowski MD, Sweitzer SM, et al. Nerve injury proximal or distal to the DRG induces similar spinal glial activation and selective cytokine expression but differential behavioral responses to pharmacologic treatment. J Comp Neurol 2001;439:127-39.
    • (2001) J Comp Neurol , vol.439 , pp. 127-139
    • Winkelstein, B.A.1    Rutkowski, M.D.2    Sweitzer, S.M.3
  • 19
    • 0036244959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of lumbar 5 ventral root transection on pain behaviors: A novel rat model for neuropathic pain without axotomy of primary sensory neurons
    • Li L, Xian C, Zhong JH, et al. Effect of lumbar 5 ventral root transection on pain behaviors: A novel rat model for neuropathic pain without axotomy of primary sensory neurons. Exp Neurol 2002;175:23-34.
    • (2002) Exp Neurol , vol.175 , pp. 23-34
    • Li, L.1    Xian, C.2    Zhong, J.H.3
  • 20
    • 0036668305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lumbar nerve root injury induces central nervous system neuroimmune activation and neuroinflammation in the rat: Relationship to painful radiculopathy
    • Rutkowski MD, Winkelstein BA, Hickey WF, et al. Lumbar nerve root injury induces central nervous system neuroimmune activation and neuroinflammation in the rat: Relationship to painful radiculopathy. Spine 2002;27:1604-13.
    • (2002) Spine , vol.27 , pp. 1604-1613
    • Rutkowski, M.D.1    Winkelstein, B.A.2    Hickey, W.F.3
  • 21
    • 0036217372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanical hyperalgesia after an L5 ventral rhizotomy or an L5 ganglionectomy in the rat
    • Sheth RN, Dorsi MJ, Li Y, et al. Mechanical hyperalgesia after an L5 ventral rhizotomy or an L5 ganglionectomy in the rat. Pain 2002;96:63-72.
    • (2002) Pain , vol.96 , pp. 63-72
    • Sheth, R.N.1    Dorsi, M.J.2    Li, Y.3
  • 22
    • 0141643691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ISSLS Prize Winner: Erythropoietin inhibits spinal neuronal apoptosis and pain following nerve root crush
    • Sekiguchi Y, Kikuchi S, Myers RR, et al. ISSLS Prize Winner: Erythropoietin inhibits spinal neuronal apoptosis and pain following nerve root crush. Spine 2003;28:2577-84.
    • (2003) Spine , vol.28 , pp. 2577-2584
    • Sekiguchi, Y.1    Kikuchi, S.2    Myers, R.R.3
  • 23
    • 0030246921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dermatomes in the rat limbs as determined by antidromic stimulation of sensory C-fibers in spinal nerves
    • Takahashi Y, Nakajima Y. Dermatomes in the rat limbs as determined by antidromic stimulation of sensory C-fibers in spinal nerves. Pain 1996;67:197-202.
    • (1996) Pain , vol.67 , pp. 197-202
    • Takahashi, Y.1    Nakajima, Y.2
  • 24
    • 0032532453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symptom provocation of fluoroscopically guided cervical nerve root stimulation: Are dynatomal maps identical to dermatomal maps?
    • Slipman C, Plastaras C, Palmitier R, et al. Symptom provocation of fluoroscopically guided cervical nerve root stimulation: Are dynatomal maps identical to dermatomal maps? Spine 1998;23:2235-42.
    • (1998) Spine , vol.23 , pp. 2235-2242
    • Slipman, C.1    Plastaras, C.2    Palmitier, R.3
  • 25
    • 0024391736 scopus 로고
    • Edema formation in spinal nerve roots induced by experimental, graded compression
    • Olmarker K, Rydevik B, Holm S. Edema formation in spinal nerve roots induced by experimental, graded compression. Spine 1989;6:569-73.
    • (1989) Spine , vol.6 , pp. 569-573
    • Olmarker, K.1    Rydevik, B.2    Holm, S.3
  • 26
    • 0028805882 scopus 로고
    • Immune activation: The role of proinflammatory cytokines in inflammation, illness responses and pathological pain states
    • Watkins LR, Maier SF, Goehler LE. Immune activation: The role of proinflammatory cytokines in inflammation, illness responses and pathological pain states. Pain 1995;63:289-302.
    • (1995) Pain , vol.63 , pp. 289-302
    • Watkins, L.R.1    Maier, S.F.2    Goehler, L.E.3
  • 27
    • 0033233119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced excitability of sensory neurons in rats with cutaneous hyperalgesia produced by chronic compression of the dorsal root ganglion
    • Zhang JM, Song XJ, LaMotte RH. Enhanced excitability of sensory neurons in rats with cutaneous hyperalgesia produced by chronic compression of the dorsal root ganglion. J Neurophysiol 1999;82:3359-66.
    • (1999) J Neurophysiol , vol.82 , pp. 3359-3366
    • Zhang, J.M.1    Song, X.J.2    Lamotte, R.H.3
  • 28
    • 0035252354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of neuroinflammation and neuroimmune activation in persistent pain
    • DeLeo JA, Yezierski RP. The role of neuroinflammation and neuroimmune activation in persistent pain. Pain 2001;91:1-6.
    • (2001) Pain , vol.91 , pp. 1-6
    • DeLeo, J.A.1    Yezierski, R.P.2
  • 29
    • 0037111854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiology of chronic spinal pain syndromes: From animal models to biomechanics
    • DeLeo JA, Winkelstein BA. Physiology of chronic spinal pain syndromes: From animal models to biomechanics. Spine 2002;27:2526-37.
    • (2002) Spine , vol.27 , pp. 2526-2537
    • DeLeo, J.A.1    Winkelstein, B.A.2
  • 30
    • 0036316481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of mechanical compression on the vascular permeability of the dorsal root ganglion
    • Kobayashi S, Yoshizawa H. Effect of mechanical compression on the vascular permeability of the dorsal root ganglion. J Orthop Res 2002;20:730-9.
    • (2002) J Orthop Res , vol.20 , pp. 730-739
    • Kobayashi, S.1    Yoshizawa, H.2
  • 31
    • 0346399756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathology of lumbar nerve root compression Part 1: Intraradicular inflammatory changes induced by mechanical compression
    • Kobayashi S, Yoshizawa H, Yamada S. Pathology of lumbar nerve root compression Part 1: Intraradicular inflammatory changes induced by mechanical compression. J Orthop Res 2004;22:170-9.
    • (2004) J Orthop Res , vol.22 , pp. 170-179
    • Kobayashi, S.1    Yoshizawa, H.2    Yamada, S.3
  • 32
    • 0025974775 scopus 로고
    • The induction and maintenance of central sensitization is dependent on N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor activation; implications for the treatment of post-injury pain hypersensitivity states
    • Woolf CJ, Thompson SW. The induction and maintenance of central sensitization is dependent on N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor activation; implications for the treatment of post-injury pain hypersensitivity states. Pain 1991;44:293-9.
    • (1991) Pain , vol.44 , pp. 293-299
    • Woolf, C.J.1    Thompson, S.W.2
  • 33
    • 0038243652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple phases of relief from experimental mechanical allodynia by systemic lidocaine: Responses to early and late infusions
    • Araujo MC, Sinnott CJ, Strichartz GR. Multiple phases of relief from experimental mechanical allodynia by systemic lidocaine: Responses to early and late infusions. Pain 2003;103:21-9.
    • (2003) Pain , vol.103 , pp. 21-29
    • Araujo, M.C.1    Sinnott, C.J.2    Strichartz, G.R.3
  • 34
    • 0035215537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central hypersensitivity in chronic pain after whiplash injury
    • Curatolo M, Petersen-Felix S, Arendt-Nielsen L, et al. Central hypersensitivity in chronic pain after whiplash injury. Clin J Pain 2001;17:306-15.
    • (2001) Clin J Pain , vol.17 , pp. 306-315
    • Curatolo, M.1    Petersen-Felix, S.2    Arendt-Nielsen, L.3
  • 35
    • 0020525719 scopus 로고
    • Ethical guidelines for investigations of experimental pain in conscious animals
    • Zimmermann M. Ethical guidelines for investigations of experimental pain in conscious animals. Pain 1983;16:109-10.
    • (1983) Pain , vol.16 , pp. 109-110
    • Zimmermann, M.1
  • 36
    • 0036844372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Focal peripheral nerve injury induces leukocyte trafficking into the central nervous system: Potential relationship to neuropathic pain
    • Sweitzer SM, Hickey WF, Rutkowski MD, et al. Focal peripheral nerve injury induces leukocyte trafficking into the central nervous system: Potential relationship to neuropathic pain. Pain 2002;100:163-70.
    • (2002) Pain , vol.100 , pp. 163-170
    • Sweitzer, S.M.1    Hickey, W.F.2    Rutkowski, M.D.3
  • 37
    • 1842786064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethosuximide reverses paclitaxel- and vincristine-induced painful peripheral neuropathy
    • Flatters S, Bennett GJ. Ethosuximide reverses paclitaxel- and vincristine-induced painful peripheral neuropathy. Pain 2004;109:150-61.
    • (2004) Pain , vol.109 , pp. 150-161
    • Flatters, S.1    Bennett, G.J.2
  • 38
    • 3242683425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel rodent neck pain model of facet-mediated behavioral hypersensitivity: Implications for persistent pain and whiplash injury
    • Lee KE, Thinnes JH, Gokhin DS, et al. A novel rodent neck pain model of facet-mediated behavioral hypersensitivity: Implications for persistent pain and whiplash injury. J Neurosci Methods 2004;137:151-9.
    • (2004) J Neurosci Methods , vol.137 , pp. 151-159
    • Lee, K.E.1    Thinnes, J.H.2    Gokhin, D.S.3
  • 39
    • 0027933374 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative assessment of tactile allodynia in the rat paw
    • Chaplan SR, Bach FW, Pogrel JW, et al. Quantitative assessment of tactile allodynia in the rat paw. J Neurosci Methods 1994;53:55-63.
    • (1994) J Neurosci Methods , vol.53 , pp. 55-63
    • Chaplan, S.R.1    Bach, F.W.2    Pogrel, J.W.3
  • 40
    • 0028233550 scopus 로고
    • Extra-territorial pain in rats with a peripheral mononeuropathy: Mechano-hyperalgesia and mechano-allodynia in the territory of an uninjured nerve
    • Tal M, Bennett GJ. Extra-territorial pain in rats with a peripheral mononeuropathy: Mechano-hyperalgesia and mechano-allodynia in the territory of an uninjured nerve. Pain 1994;57:375-82.
    • (1994) Pain , vol.57 , pp. 375-382
    • Tal, M.1    Bennett, G.J.2
  • 41
    • 0034255439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spared nerve injury: An animal model of persistent peripheral neuropathic pain
    • Decosterd I, Woolf CJ. Spared nerve injury: An animal model of persistent peripheral neuropathic pain. Pain 2000;87:149-58.
    • (2000) Pain , vol.87 , pp. 149-158
    • Decosterd, I.1    Woolf, C.J.2
  • 42
    • 1542314316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Key role of the dorsal root ganglion in neuropathic tactile hypersensibility
    • Sukhotinsky I, Ben-Dor E, Raber P, et al. Key role of the dorsal root ganglion in neuropathic tactile hypersensibility. Eur J Pain 2004;8:135-43.
    • (2004) Eur J Pain , vol.8 , pp. 135-143
    • Sukhotinsky, I.1    Ben-Dor, E.2    Raber, P.3
  • 43
    • 0030859754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociation of microglial activation and neuropathic pain behaviors following peripheral nerve injury in the rat
    • Colburn RW, DeLeo JA, Rickman AJ, et al. Dissociation of microglial activation and neuropathic pain behaviors following peripheral nerve injury in the rat. J Neuroimmunol 1997;79:163-75.
    • (1997) J Neuroimmunol , vol.79 , pp. 163-175
    • Colburn, R.W.1    DeLeo, J.A.2    Rickman, A.J.3
  • 44
    • 0037195594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nerve root injury severity differentially modulates spinal glial activation in a rat lumbar radiculopathy model: Considerations for persistent pain
    • Winkelstein BA, DeLeo JA. Nerve root injury severity differentially modulates spinal glial activation in a rat lumbar radiculopathy model: Considerations for persistent pain. Brain Res 2002;956:294-301.
    • (2002) Brain Res , vol.956 , pp. 294-301
    • Winkelstein, B.A.1    DeLeo, J.A.2
  • 45
    • 0032934824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral manifestations of neuropathic pain and mechanical allodynia, and changes in spinal dorsal horn neurons, following L4-L6 dorsal root constriction in rats
    • Tabo E, Jinks SL, Eisele JH, et al. Behavioral manifestations of neuropathic pain and mechanical allodynia, and changes in spinal dorsal horn neurons, following L4-L6 dorsal root constriction in rats. Pain 1999;80:503-20.
    • (1999) Pain , vol.80 , pp. 503-520
    • Tabo, E.1    Jinks, S.L.2    Eisele, J.H.3
  • 46
    • 0030003858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurophysiologic changes in lumbar nerve root inflammation in the rat after treatment with cytokine inhibitors. Evidence for a role of interleukin-1
    • Wehling P, Cleveland SJ, Heininger K, et al. Neurophysiologic changes in lumbar nerve root inflammation in the rat after treatment with cytokine inhibitors. Evidence for a role of interleukin-1. Spine 1996;21:931-5.
    • (1996) Spine , vol.21 , pp. 931-935
    • Wehling, P.1    Cleveland, S.J.2    Heininger, K.3
  • 47
    • 0030986199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model for chronic nerve root compression studies. Presentation of a porcine model for controlled, slow-onset compression with analyses of anatomic aspects, compression onset rate, and morphologic and neurophysiologic effects
    • Cornefjord M, Sato K, Olmarker K, et al. A model for chronic nerve root compression studies. Presentation of a porcine model for controlled, slow-onset compression with analyses of anatomic aspects, compression onset rate, and morphologic and neurophysiologic effects. Spine 1997;22:946-57.
    • (1997) Spine , vol.22 , pp. 946-957
    • Cornefjord, M.1    Sato, K.2    Olmarker, K.3
  • 48
    • 0022708351 scopus 로고
    • Mechanical effects of compression of peripheral nerves
    • Dahlin LB, Danielsen N, Ehira T, et al. Mechanical effects of compression of peripheral nerves. J Biomech Eng 1986;108:120-2.
    • (1986) J Biomech Eng , vol.108 , pp. 120-122
    • Dahlin, L.B.1    Danielsen, N.2    Ehira, T.3
  • 49
    • 0024352334 scopus 로고
    • Pressure increase in the dorsal root ganglion following mechanical compression. Closed compartment syndrome in nerve roots
    • Rydevik BL, Myers RR, Powell HC. Pressure increase in the dorsal root ganglion following mechanical compression. Closed compartment syndrome in nerve roots. Spine 1989;14:574-6.
    • (1989) Spine , vol.14 , pp. 574-576
    • Rydevik, B.L.1    Myers, R.R.2    Powell, H.C.3
  • 50
    • 0027163215 scopus 로고
    • The influence of magnitude and duration of crush load on functional recovery of the peripheral nerve
    • Chen LE, Seaber AV, Urbaniak JR. The influence of magnitude and duration of crush load on functional recovery of the peripheral nerve. J Reconstr Microsurg 1993;9:299-307.
    • (1993) J Reconstr Microsurg , vol.9 , pp. 299-307
    • Chen, L.E.1    Seaber, A.V.2    Urbaniak, J.R.3
  • 51
    • 24744469953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomechanics and painful injuries: Tissue & CNS responses for nerve root mechanical injuries
    • No. 43117, Washington, DC
    • Winkelstein B, Hubbard R, DeLeo J. Biomechanics and painful injuries: Tissue & CNS responses for nerve root mechanical injuries. IMECE Proceedings, No. 43117, Washington, DC, 2003.
    • (2003) IMECE Proceedings
    • Winkelstein, B.1    Hubbard, R.2    DeLeo, J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.