A model for chronic nerve root compression studies: Presentation of a porcine model for controlled, slow-onset compression with analyses of anatomic aspects, compression onset rate, and morphologic and neurophysiologic effects

Spine

Volumn 22, Issue 9, 1997, Pages 946-957

  Cornefjord, Michael ^a   Sato, Katsuhiko ^a,b   Olmarker, Kjell ^a   Rydevik, Björn ^a   Nordborg, Claes ^a  

^a SAHLGRENSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^b FUKUSHIMA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

ameroid; cauda equina; compression; disc; nerve conduction velocity; nerve histopathology; nerve root; spinal stenosis

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BACKACHE; BLEEDING; CAPILLARY PROLIFERATION; CAUDA EQUINA; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; FIBROBLAST; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HYPEREMIA; INFLAMMATION; ISCHIALGIA; MICROSCOPY; MOTOR NERVE CONDUCTION; NERVE ROOT COMPRESSION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPINAL ROOT; SWINE;

ANIMALS; BIOCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS; CASEINS; CAUDA EQUINA; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; GANGLIA, SPINAL; HYDROGELS; NERVE COMPRESSION SYNDROMES; NEURAL CONDUCTION; SACRUM; SPINAL NERVE ROOTS; SWINE;

EID: 0030986199     PISSN: 03622436     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00007632-199705010-00003     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Bennet GJ, Xie YK. A peripheral mononeuropathy in rat that produces disorders of pain sensation like those seen in man. Pain 1988;33:87-107.
2. Cohen MS, Wall EJ, Brown RA, Rydevik B, Garfin SR. Cauda equina anatomy II: Extrathecal nerve roots and dorsal root ganglia. Spine 1990;15:1248-51.
3. Cornefjord M, Takahashi K, Matsui H, Olmarker K, Holm S, Ryedvik B. Impairment of nutritional transport at double level cauda equina compression. An experimental study. Neuro Orthop 1992;13:107-12.
4. Cornefjord M, Olmarker K, Farley DB, Weinstein JN, Rydevik B. Neuropeptide changes in compressed spinal nerve roots. Spine 1995;20:670-3.
5. Delamarter RB, Bohlman HH, Dodge LD, Biro B. Experimental lumbar spine stenosis. Analysis of the cortical evoked potentials, microvasculature, and histopathology. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 1990;72:110-20.
6. Delamarter RB, Sherman JE, Carr JB. Cauda equina syndrome: Neurologic recovery following immediate, early, or late decompression. Spine 1991;16:1022-9.
7. Guth BD, Heusch G, Seitelberg R, Ross J Jr. Mechanism of beneficial effect of β-adrenergic blockade on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia in conscious dogs. Circ Res 1987;60: 738-46.
8. Guth BD, Heusch G, Seitelberg R, Ross J Jr. Elimination of exercise-induced regional myocardial dysfunction by a bradycardiac agent in dogs with chronic coronary stenosis. Circulation 1987;75:661-9.
9. Inou T, Tomoike H, Watanabe K, et al. A newly developed X-ray transparent ameroid constrictor for study on progression of gradual coronary stenosis. Basic Res Cardiol 1980;75:537-43.
10. Karnovsky MJ. A formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixative of high osmolality for use in electron microscopy. J Cell Biol 1965;27:137A.
11. Kawakami M, Weinstein JN, Spratt KF, et al. Experimental lumbar radiculopathy: Immunohistochemical and quantitative demonstrations of pain induced by lumbar nerve root irritation of the rat. Spine 1994;19:1780-94.
12. Kawakami M, Weinstein JN, Chatani K, Spratt KF, Meller ST, Gebhart GF. Experimental lumbar radiculopathy: Behavioral and histologic changes in a model of radicular pain after spinal nerve root irritation with chronic gut ligatures in the rat. Spine 1994;19:1795-1802.
13. Matsuzaki M, Guth B, Tajimi T, Kemper WS, Ross J Jr. Effect of the combination of diltiazem and atenolol on exercise-induced regional myocardial ischemia in conscious dogs. Circulation 1985;72:233-43.
14. Nachemson A. Editorial. Symposium on "Newest knowledge on low back pain." Clin Orthop 1992;279:8-20.
15. Olmarker K, Rydevik B, Holm S. Edema formation in spinal nerve roots induced by experimental, graded compression: An experimental study on the porcine cauda equina with special reference to differences in effects between rapid and slow onset of compression. Spine 1989;14:569-73.
16. Olmarker K, Rydevik B, Holm S, Bagge U. Effects of experimental, graded compression on blood flow on the porcine cauda equina. J Orthop Res 1989;7:817-23.
17. Olmarker K. Spinal nerve root compression: Experimental studies on effects of acute, graded compression on nerve root nutrition and function with an in vivo compression model of the porcine cauda equina. Gothenburg, Sweden: University of Gothenburg, 1990:1-70 (PhD thesis).
18. Olmarker K, Rydevik B, Hansson T, Holm S. Compression-induced changes of the nutritional supply to the porcine cauda equina. J Spinal Disord 1990;3:25-9.
19. Olmarker K, Holm S, Rydevik B. Importance of compression onset rate for the degree of impairment of impulse propagation in experimental compression injury of the pig cauda equina. Spine 1990;15:416-9.
20. Olmarker K. Spinal nerve compression. Nutrition and function of the porcine cauda equina compressed in vivo. Acta Orthop Scand 1991;242(Suppl):1-27.
21. Olmarker K, Holm S, Rydevik B, Bagge U. Restoration of blood flow during gradual decompression of a compressed segment of the porcine cauda equina: A vital microscopic study. Neuro Orthop 1991;10:83-7.
22. Olmarker K, Lind B, Holm S, Rydevik B. Continued compression increases impairment of impulse propagation in experimental compression of the porcine cauda equina. Neuro Orthop 1991;11:75-81.
23. Olmarker K, Rydevik B. Single versus double level compression: An experimental study on the porcine cauda equina with analyses of nerve impulse conduction properties. Clin Orthop 1992;279:35-9.
24. Olmarker K, Rydevik B, Nordborg C. Autologous nucleus pulposus induces neurophysiologic and histologic changes in porcine cauda equina nerve roots. Spine 1993;18:1425-32.
25. Pedowicz RA, Garfin SR, Hargens AR, et al. Effects of magnitude and duration of compression on spinal nerve root conduction. Spine 1992;17:194-9.
26. Rauschning W. Computed tomography and cryomicrotomy of lumbar spine specimens: A new technique for multiplanar anatomic correlation. Spine 1983;8:170-80.
27. Richardson KC, Jarett L, Finke EH. Embedding in epoxy resins for ultrathin sectioning in electron microscopy. Stain Technol 1960;35:313-23.
28. Rydevik B, Brown MD, Lundborg G. Pathoanatomy and pathophysiology of nerve root compression. Spine 1984;9:7-15.
29. Rydevik B, Pedowicz RA, Hargens AR, Swenson MR, Myers RR, Garfin SR. Effects of acute graded compression on spinal nerve root function and structure: An experimental study on the pig cauda equina. Spine 1991;16:487-93.
30. Sato K, Olmarker K, Cornefjord M, Rydevik B, Kikuchi S. Effects of chronic nerve root compression on intraradicular blood flow. An experimental study in pigs. Neuro Orthop 1994;16:1-7.
31. Vineberg A, Mahanti B, Litvak J. Experimental gradual coronary artery constriction by ameroid constrictors. Surgery 1960;47:765-71.
32. Wall EJ, Cohen MS, Massie JB, Rydevik B, Garfin SR. Cauda equina anatomy I: Intrathecal nerve root organization. Spine 1990;15:1244-47.
33. Yoshizawa H, Kobayashi S, Kubota K. Effects of compression on intraradicular blood flow in dogs. Spine 1989;14: 1220-5.
34. Yoshizawa H, Kobayashi S, Monta T. Chronic nerve root compression: Pathophysiologic mechanism of nerve root dysfunction. Spine 1995;20:397-407.