Hardware lighting and shading: A survey

Computer Graphics Forum

Volumn 23, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 85-112

  Kautz, Jan ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

BRDFs; Environment maps; Graphics hardware; Lighting and shading; Real time rendering

Indexed keywords

ACCELERATION; ALGORITHMS; COMPUTER HARDWARE; GRAPH THEORY; LIGHTING; MAPS;

BRDFS; ENVIRONMENT MAPS; GRAPHICS HARDWARE; LIGHTING AND SHADING; REAL-TIME RENDERING;

COMPUTER GRAPHICS;

EID: 2442556154     PISSN: 01677055     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8659.2004.00007.x     Document Type: Review

References (98)

1. T. Akenine-Möller and U. Assarsson. Approximate Soft Shadows on Arbitrary Surfaces using Penumbra Wedges. In 13th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, pages 309-318, June 2002.
2. T. Akenine-Möller and E. Haines. Real-Time Rendering. AK Peters Ltd, Natick, MA, 2002.
3. M. Ashikhmin and P. Shirley. An Anisotropic Phong BRDF Model. Journal of Graphics Tools, 5(2):25-32, 2000.
4. U. Assarsson and T. Akenine-Möller. A Geometry-based Soft Shadow Volume Algorithm using Graphics Hardware. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proceedings SIGGRAPH), 22(3):511-520, July 2003.
5. D. Banks. Illumination in Diverse Codimensions. InProceedings SIGGRAPH, pages 327-334, July 1994.
6. R. Bastos, K. Hoff, W. Wynn, and A. Lastra, Increased Photorealism for Interactive Architectural Walk-throughs. In J. Hodgins and J. Foley, editors, 1999 ACM Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics, pages 183-190. ACM SIGGRAPH, April 1999.
7. P. Beckmann and A. Spizzichino. The Scettering of Electromagnetic Waves from Rough Surfaces. McMillan, 1963.
8. J. Blinn. Simulation of Wrinkled Surfaces. In Proceedings SIGGRAPH, pages 286-292, August 1978.
9. J. Blinn. Models of Light Reflection For Computer Synthesized Pictures. In Proceedings SIGGRAPH, pages 192-198, July 1977.
10. J. Blinn and M. Newell. Texture and Reflection in Computer Generated Images. Communications of the ACM, 19:542-546, 1976.
11. B. Cabral, M. Olano, and P. Nemec. Reflection Space Image Based Rendering. In Proceedings SIGGRAPH, pages 165-170, Los Angeles, California, August 1999.
12. N. Carr, J. Hall, and J. Hart. GPU Algorithms for Radiosity and Subsurface Scattering. In Graphics Hardware 2003, pages 51-59, July 2003.
13. W.-C. Chen, J.-Y. Bouguet, M. H. Chu, and R. Grzeszczuk. Light Field Mapping: Efficient Representation and Hardware Rendering of Surface Light Fields. In Proceedings SIGGRAPH, pages 447-456, July 2002.
14. P. Christensen. Note #35: Ambient occlusion, image-based illumination, and global illumination. In Photo-Realistic RenderMan Application Notes, 2002.
15. M. Cohen and J. Wallace. Radiosity and Realistic Image Synthesis. Academic Press Professional, Cambridge, MA, 1993.
16. R. Cook and K. Torrance. A Reflectance Model for Computer Graphics. In Proceedings SIGGRAPH, pages 307-316, August 1981.
17. R. L. Cook, T. Porter, and L. Carpenter. Distributed Ray Tracing. In Proceedings SIGGRAPH, pages 137-145, Minneapolis, Minnesota, July 1984.
18. F. Crow. Shadow Algorithms for Computer Graphics. In Proceedings SIGGRAPH, pages 242-248, July 1977.
19. K. Dana, B. van Ginneken, S. Nayar, and J. Koenderink. Reflectance and Texture of Real-World Surfaces. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 18(1): 1-34, January 1999.
20. K. Daubert, W. Heidrich, J. Kautz, J.-M. Dischler, and H.-P. Seidel. Efficient Light Transport Using Precomputed Visibility. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 23(3):28-37, May 2003.
21. P. Diefenbach and N. Badler. Multi-Pass Pipeline Rendering: Realism For Dynamic Environments. In M. Cohen and D. Zeltzer, editors, 1997 ACM Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics, pages 59-70. ACM SIGGRAPH, April 1997.
22. A. Edmonds, Angular Momentum in Quantum Mechanics. Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 1960.
23. R. Fernando and M. Kilgard. The Cg Tutorial. Addison-Wesley, Boston, MA, 2003.
24. J. Foley, A. van Damme, S. Feiner, and J. Hughes. Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice. Addison-Wesley, Inc., 2nd edition, 1990.
25. A. Glassner. Principles of Digital Image Synthesis. Morgan Kaufmann, 1995.
26. N. Greene. Applications of World Projections. In Proceedings Graphics Interface, pages 108-114, May 1986.
27. N. Greene. Environment Mapping and Other Applications of World Projections. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, 6(11):21-29, November 1986.
28. P. Haeberli and M. Segal. Texture Mapping As A Fundamental Drawing Primitive. In Fourth Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, pages 259-266. Eurographics, June 1993.
29. Xuejun Hao, Thomas Baby, and Amitabh Varshney. Interactive Subsurface Scattering for Translucent Meshes. In Proceedings 2003 ACM Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics, page to appear, april 2003.
30. W. Heidrich, S. Brabec, and H.-P. Seidel. Soft Shadow Maps for Linear Lights. In 11 th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, pages 269-280, June 2000.
31. W. Heidrich, K. Daubert, J. Kautz, and H.-P. Seidel. Illuminating Micro Geometry Based on Precomputed Visibility. In Proceedings SIGGRAPH, July 2000.
32. W. Heidrich, H. Lensch, and H.-P. Seidel. Light Field-based Reflections and Refractions. In Tenth Eurographics Rendering Workshop, June 1999.
33. W. Heidrich and H.-P. Seidel. Efficient Rendering of Anisotropic Surfaces Using Computer Graphics Hardware. In Image and Multi-dimensional Digital Signal Processing Workshop (IMDSP) '98, 1998.
34. W. Heidrich and H.-P. Seidel. View-Independent Environment Maps. In Eurographics/SIGGRAPH Workshop on Graphics Hardware, pages 39-45, 1998.
35. W. Heidrich and H.-P. Seidel. Realistic, Hardware-accelerated Shading and Lighting. In Proceedings SIGGRAPH, pages 171-178, August 1999.
36. W. Heidrich, R. Westermann, H.-P. Seidel, and T. Ertl. Applications of Pixel Textures in Visualization and Realistic Image Synthesis. In Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics, 1999.
37. D. Immel, M. Cohen, and D. Greenberg. A Radiosity Method for Non-Diffuse Environments. In Proceedings SIGGRAPH, pages 133-142, 1986.
38. H. W. Jensen. Global Illumination using Photon Maps. In Seventh Eurographics Rendering Workshop 1996, pages 21-30, June 1996.
39. H. W. Jensen, S. Marschner, M. Levoy, and P. Hanrahan. A Practical Model for Subsurface Light Transport. In Proceedings SIGGRAPH, pages 511-518, August 2001.
40. J. Kajiya. The Rendering Equation. In Proceedings SIGGRAPH, pages 143-150, August 1986.
41. J. Kautz and M. McCool. Interactive Rendering with Arbitrary BRDFs using Separable Approximations. In Tenth Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, pages 281-292, June 1999.
42. J. Kautz and M. McCool. Approximation of Glossy Reflection with Prefiltered Environment Maps. In Proceedings Graphics Interface, pages 119-126, May 2000.
43. J. Kautz and M. McCool. Interactive Rendering with Arbitrary BRDFs using Separable Approximations. In 10th Eurographics Rendering Workshop 1999, pages 281-292, June 1999.
44. J. Kautz and H.-P. Seidel. Towards Interactive Bump Mapping with Anisotropic Shift-Variant BRD Fs. In Eurographics/SIGGRAPH Workshop on Graphics Hardware 2000, pages 51-58, August 2000.
45. J. Kautz, P.-P. Sloan, and J. Snyder. Fast, Arbitrary BRDF Shading for Low-Frequency Lighting Using Spherical Harmonics. In 13th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, pages 301-308, June 2002.
46. J. Kautz, P.-P. Vázquez, W. Heidrich, and H.-P. Seidel. A Unified Approach to Prefiltered Environment Maps. In Eleventh Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, pages 185-196, June 2000.
47. J. Kautz, C. Wynn, J. Blow, C. Blasband, A. Ahmad, and M. McCool. Achieving Real-Time Realistic Reflectance. Game Developer Magazine, January 2001.
48. M. Kilgard. A Practical and Robust Bump-mapping Technique for Today's GPUs. NVIDIA Corporation, April 2000. Available from http://www.nvidia.com.
49. E. Lafortune, S.-C. Foo, K. Torrance, and D. Greenberg. Non-Linear Approximation of Reflectance Functions. In Proceedings SIGGRAPH, pages 117-126, August 1997.
50. E. Lafortune and Y. Willems. Bidirectional Path Tracing. In Compugraphics, pages 95-104, 1993.
51. L. Latta and A. Kolb. Homomorphic Factorization of BRDF-based Lighting Computation. In Proceedings SIGGRAPH, pages 509-516, July 2002.
52. Jaakko Lehtinen and Jan Kautz. Matrix Radiance Transfer. In Proceedings of the 2003 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics, pages 59-64, 2003.
53. H. Lensch, M. Goesele, P. Bekaert, J. Kautz, M. Magnor, J. Lang, and H.-P. Seidel. Interactive Rendering of Translucent Objects. In Proceedings of Pacific Graphics 2002, pages 214-224. IEEE Computer Society, 2002.
54. E. Lindholm, M. Kilgard, and H. Moreton. A User-Programmable Vertex Engine. In Proceedings SIGGRAPH, pages 149-158, August 2001.
55. D. Lischinski and A. Rappoport. Image-Based Rendering for Non-Diffuse Synthetic Scenes. In Nineth Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, pages 301-314. Eurographics, June 1998.
56. T. Malzbender, D. Gelb, and H. Wolters. Polynomial texture maps. In Proceedings SIGGRAPH, pages 519-528, August 2001.
57. B. Mark. Hardware Shading Language Course: NVIDIA Programmable Graphics Technology. In SIGGRAPH Course Notes, July 2002.
58. D. McAllister, A. Lastra, and W. Heidrich. Efficient Rendering of Spatial Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Functions. In Proceedings Graphics Hardware, pages 79-88, September 2002.
59. M. McCool, J. Ang, and A. Ahmad. Homomorphic Factorization of BRDFs for High-Performance Rendering. In Proceedings SIGGRAPH, pages 171-178, August 2001.
60. Tom Mertens, Jan Kautz, Philippe Bekaert, Hans-Peter Seidel, and Frank Van Reeth. Interactive Rendering of Translucent Deformable Objects. In Eurographics Symposium on Rendering, June 2003.
61. Microsoft Corporation. DirectX 9.0 SDK, November 2002. Available from http://www.microsoft.com/directx.
62. G. Miller and R. Huffman. Illumination and Reflection Maps: Simulated Objects in Simulated and Real Environments. In SIGGRAPH Course Notes-Advanced Computer Graphics Animation, July 1984.
63. G. Miller, S. Rubin, and D. Ponceleon. Lazy Decompression of Surface Light Fields for Precomputed Global Illumination. In Nineth Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, pages 281-292. Eurographics, June 1998.
64. M. Minnaert. Photometry of the Moon. In Planets and Satellites, pages 231-248. University Chicago Press, 1961.
65. J. Mitchell. Radeon 9700 Shading. ATI Technologies Inc., July 2002. Available from http://www.ati.com.
66. G. Müller, J. Meseth, and R. Klein. Compression and Real-Time Rendering of Measured BTFs Using Local PCA. In Proceedings of Vision, Modeling and Visualisation 2003, November 2003.
67. S. Nayar. Catadioptric Omnidirectional Camera. In Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, june 1997.
68. J. Neider, T. Davis, and M. Woo. OpenGL - Programming Guide, Addison-Wesley, 1993.
69. Ren Ng, Ravi Ramamoorthi, and Pat Hanrahan. All-Frequency Shadows Using Non-linear Wavelet Lighting Approximation. ACM Transactions on Graphics, page to appear, July 2003.
70. NVIDIA Corporation. NVIDIA OpenGL Extension Specifications, April 2003. Available from http://www.nvidia.com.
71. NVIDIA Corporation. NVIDIA SDK, May 2003. Available from http://www.nvidia.com.
72. M. Olano, J. Hart, W. Heidrich, and M. McCool. Real-Time Shading. AK Peters Ltd, Natick, MA, 2002.
73. B.-T. Phong. Illumination for Computer Generated Pictures. Communications of the ACM, 18(6):311-317, June 1975.
74. T. Purcell, C. Donner, M. Cammarano, H. W. Jensen, and P. Hanrahan. Photon Mapping on Programmable Graphics Hardware. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS Conference on Graphics Hardware, pages 41-50. Eurographics Association, 2003.
75. Timothy J. Purcell, Ian Buck, William R. Mark, and Pat Hanrahan. Ray Tracing on Programmable Graphics Hardware. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 21(3):703-712, July 2002.
76. R. Ramamoorthi and P. Hanrahan. An Efficient Representation for Irradiance Environment Maps. In Proceedings SIGGRAPH, pages 497-500, August 2001.
77. R. Ramamoorthi and P. Hanrahan. Frequency Space Environment Map Rendering. In Proceedings SIGGRAPH, pages 517-526, July 2002.
78. M. Sattler, R. Sarlette, and R. Klein. Efficient and Realistic Visualization of Cloth. In Eurographics Symposium on Rendering 2003, pages 167-178, June 2003.
79. M. Segal and K. Akeley. The OpenGL Graphics System: A Specification (Version 1.2.1), 1999.
80. SGI. Iris performer. http://www.sgi.com/software/performer/brew/envmap. html.
81. P. Shirley, B. Wade, P. Hubbard, D. Zareski, B. Walter, and D. Greenberg. Global Illumination via Density Estimation. In 6th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, pages 219-231, June 1995.
82. P.-P. Sloan and M. Cohen. Hardware accelerated horizon mapping, 11th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, pages 281-286, June 2000.
83. P.-P. Sloan, J. Kautz, and J. Snyder. Precomputed Radiance Transfer for Real-Time Rendering in Dynamic, Low-Frequency Lighting Environments. In Proceedings SIGGRAPH, pages 527-536, July 2002.
84. Peter-Pike Sloan, Jesse Hall, John Hart, and John Snyder. Clustered Principal Components for Precomputed Radiance Transfer. ACM Transactions on Graphics, page to appear, July 2003.
85. B. G. Smith. Geometrical Shadowing of a Random Rough Surface. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 15(5):668-671, September 1967.
86. M. Steigleder. Factorization of the Ashikhmin BRDF for Real-Time Rendering. Journal of Graphics Tools, 7(4):61-68, 2002.
87. W. Stürzlinger and R. Bastos. Interactive Rendering of Globally Illuminated Glossy Scenes. In Eighth Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, pages 93-102. Eurographics, June 1997.
88. F. Suykens, K. vom Berge, Lagae A, and P. Dutré; Interactive Rendering with Bidirectional Texture Functions. Computer Graphics Forum, 22(3):463-472, September 2003.
89. I. Wald, T. Kollig, C. Benthin, A. Keller, and P. Slusallek. Interactive global illumination. In 13th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, pages 9-20, June 2002.
90. I. Wald, P. Slusallek, C. Benthin, and M. Wagner. Interactive rendering with coherent ray tracing. Computer Graphics Forum, 20(3): 153-164, 2001.
91. G. Ward. Measuring and Modeling Anisotropic Reflection. In Proceedings SIGGRAPH, pages 265-272, July 1992.
92. S. Westin, J. Arvo, and K. Torrance. Predicting Reflectance Functions From Complex Surfaces. In Proceedings SIGGRAPH, pages 255-264, July 1992.
93. L. Williams. Casting Curved Shadows on Curved Surfaces. Is. Proceedings SIGGRAPH, pages 270-274, August 1978.
94. T.-T. Wong, P.-A. Heng, S.-H. Or, and W.-Y. Ng. Image-based Rendering with Controllable Illumination. In Eighth Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, pages 13-22, June 1997.
95. D. Wood, D. Azuma, K. Aldinger, B. Curless, T. Duchamp, D. Salesin, and W. Stuetzle. Surface Light Fields for 3D Photography. In Proceedings SIGGRAPH, pages 287-296, July 2000.
96. C. Wynn. BRDF-Based Lighting. Technical report, NVIDIA Corporation, 2000.
97. R. Zare. Angular Momentum: Understanding Spatial Aspects in Chemistry and Physics. Wiley, New York, 1987.
98. S. Zhukov, A. Iones, and G. Kronin. An Ambient Light Illumination Model. In Eurographics Rendering Workshop 1998, pages 45-56, June 1998.