Gaze behavior in analytical and holistic face processing

Memory and Cognition

Volumn 33, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 344-354

  Schwarzer, Gudrun ^a,b   Huber, Susanne ^a   Dümmler, Thomas ^a  

^a FRIEDRICH MIESCHER LABORATORY OF THE MAX PLANCK SOCIETY   (Germany)

^b JUSTUS LIEBIG UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANALYTIC METHOD; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR CHANGE; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; EYE FIXATION; FACE PROFILE; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FEMALE; GAZE; HUMAN; MALE; STIMULUS RESPONSE; VISION; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; COGNITION; FACE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CHILD; COGNITION; FACE; FEMALE; FIXATION, OCULAR; HUMANS; MALE; VISUAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 23044461172     PISSN: 0090502X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3758/BF03195322     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. BRUYER, R., & COGET, M. C. (1987). Features of laterally displayed faces: Saliency or top-down processing? Acta Psychologica, 66, 103-114.
2. CAREY, S. (1996). Perceptual categorization and expertise. In R. Gelman & T. Kit-Fong Au (Eds.), Perceptual and cognitive development (pp. 49-69). San Diego: Academic Press.
3. COLLISHAW, S. M., & HOLE, G. J. (2000). Featural and configural processes in the recognition of faces of different familiarity. Perception, 29, 893-909.
4. CUTTING, J. (1990). The right cerebral hemisphere and psychiatric disorders. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
5. DIAMOND, R., & CAREY, S. (1986). Why faces are and are not special: An effect of expertise. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 115, 107-117.
6. FARAH, M. J., TANAKA, J. W., & DRAIN, H. M. (1995). What causes the face inversion effect? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 21, 628-634.
7. FARAH, M. J., WILSON, K. D., DRAIN, [H.] M., & TANAKA, J. N. (1998). What is special about face perception? Psychological Review, 105, 482-498.
8. FREIRE, A., LEE, K., & SYMONS, L. A. (2000). The face inversion effect as a deficit in the encoding of configural information: Direct evi-dence. Perception, 29, 159-170.
9. GRONER, R., WALDER, F., & GRONER, M. (1984). Looking at faces: Local and global aspects of scan paths. In A. G. Gale & F. Johnson (Eds.), Theoretical and applied aspects of gaze behavior research (pp. 523-533). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
10. HAIG, N. D. (1984). The effect of feature displacement on face recognition. Perception, 13, 505-512.
11. HENDERSON, J. M., FALK, R., MINUT, S., DYER, F. C., & MAHADEVAN, S. (2001). Gaze control for face learning and recognition in humans and machines. In T. Shipley & P. Kellman (Eds.), From fragments to objects: Segmentation processes in vision (pp. 463-481). New York: Elsevier.
12. JANIK, S. W., WELLENS, A. R., GOLDBERG, M. L., & DELL'OSSO, L. F. (1978). Eyes as the center of focus in the visual examination of human faces. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 47, 857-858.
13. JEFFREYS, D. A., TUKMACHI, E. S. A., & ROCKLEY, G. (1992). Evoked potential evidence for human brain mechanisms that respond to single, fixated faces. Experimental Brain Research, 91, 351-362.
14. KEMLER NELSON, D. G. (1989). The nature and occurrence of holistic processing. In B. E. Shepp & S. Ballesteros (Eds.), Object perception: Structure and process (pp. 357-386). Hillsdale. NJ: Erlbaum.
15. LEDER, H., & BRUCE, V. (2000). When inverted faces are recognized: The role of configural information in face recognition. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, S3A, 513-536.
16. MACHO, S., & LEDER, H. (1998). Your eyes only? A test of interactive influence on the processing of facial features. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 24, 1486-1500.
17. MANOR, B. R., GORDON, E., WILLIAMS, L. M., RENNIE, C. J., BAHRAMALI, H., LATIMER, C. R., BARRY, R. J., & MEARES, R. A. (1999). Gaze behavior reflects impaired face processing in patients with schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 46, 963-969.
18. MAURER, D., LE GRAND, R., & MONDLOCH, C. J. (2002). The many faces of configural processing. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 255-260.
19. MERTENS, I., SIEGMUND, H., & GRÜSSER, O.-J. (1993). Gaze motor asymmetries in the perception of faces during a memory task. Neuropsychologia, 31, 989-998.
20. MOGG, K., MILLAR, N., & BRADLEY, B. P. (2000). Biases in gaze behavior to threatening facial expressions in generalized anxiety disorder and depressive disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 695-704.
21. MOSCOVITCH, M., WINOCUR, G., & BEHRMANN, M. (1997). What is special about face perception? Nineteen experiments on a person with visual object agnosia and dyslexia but normal face recognition. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 9, 555-604.
22. SCHWANINGER, A., LOBMAIER, J., & COLLISHAW, S. M. (2002). Role of featural and configural information in familiar and unfamiliar face recognition. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2525, 643-650.
23. SCHWARZER G. (2000). Development of face processing: The effect of face inversion. Child Development, 71, 391-401.
24. SCHWARZER, G. (2002). Processing of facial and nonfacial visual stimuli in 2-5-year-old children. Infant & Child Development, 11, 253-269.
25. SCHWARZER, G., & KORELL, M. (1999). Development of face processing: Differences between schematic and photorealistic faces. Poster presented at the biennial meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development. Albuquerque, NM.
26. SCHWARZER, G., & MASSARO, D. W. (2001). Modeling face identification processing in children and adults. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 79, 139-161.
27. SEARCY, J. H., & BARTLETT, J. C. (1996). Inversion and processing of component and spatial-relational information in faces. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 22, 904-915.
28. SHIMIZU, T., SHIMIZU, A., YAMASHITA, E., IWASE, M., KAJIMOTO, O., & KAWASAKI, T. (2000). Comparison of eye-movement patterns in schizophrenic and normal adults during the examination of facial affect displays. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 91, 1045-1056.
29. STARK, L., & ELLIS, S. R. (1981). Scanpath revisited: Cognitive models of direct active looking. In D. F. Fisher, R. A. Monty, & J. W. Senders (Eds.), Gaze behavior: Cognition and visual perception (pp. 193-226). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
30. TANAKA, J. W., & FARAH, M. J. (1993). Parts and wholes in face recognition. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 46A, 225-245.
31. TANAKA, J. W., KAY, J. B., GRINNELL, E., STANSFIELD, B., & SZECHTER, L. (1998). Face recognition in young children: When the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Visual Cognition, 5, 479-496.
32. TANAKA, J. W., & SENGCO, J. A. (1997). Features and their configuration in face recognition. Memory & Cognition, 25, 583-592.
33. VAN DER GEEST, J. N., KEMNER, C., VERBATEN, M. N., & VAN ENGELAND, H. (2002). Gaze behavior of children with pervasive developmental disorder toward human faces: A fixation time study. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines, 43, 669-678.
34. VETTER, T., & TROJE, N. (1997). Separation of texture and shape in images effaces for image encoding and synthesis. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 14, 2152-2161.
35. VIVIANI, P. (1990). Gaze behavior in visual search. Cognitive, perceptual and motor control aspects. In E. Kowler (Ed.), Eye movements and their role in visual and cognitive processes (pp. 353-393). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
36. WARD, T. B. (1989). Analytic and holistic modes of processing in category learning. In B. E. Shepp & S. Ballesteros (Eds.), Object perception: Structure and process. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
37. WARD, T. B., & SCOTT, J. G. (1987). Analytical and holistic modes of learning family-resemblance concepts. Memory & Cognition, 15, 42-54.
38. WENGER, M. J., & INGVALSON, E. M. (2002). A decisional component of holistic encoding. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 28, 872-892.
39. YARBUS, A. L. (1967). Gaze behavior and vision. New York: Plenum.
40. YIN, R. K. (1969). Looking at upside-down faces. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 81, 141-145.
41. YOUNG, A. W., HELLAWAY, D., & HAY, D. (1987). Configural information in face perception. Perception, 16, 747-759.